The Vigna angularis complex: Genetic variation and relationships revealed by RAPD analysis, and their implications for in situ conservation and domestication

The present study, using RAPD analysis, was undertaken to characterize genetic variation in three forms of V. angularis, cultivated, wild and weedy forms, and their relationships. The materials used consisted of 171 individuals (plants) or cultivars from 23 populations including 5 wild populations, 6 weedy populations, 6 cultivated populations and 6 populations with plants having wild and weedy or intermediate morphology, denoted here as complex populations. The materials used were collected on Honshu Island, Japan and seeds collected directly from the field were germinated for DNA extraction. In addition, 6 landrace accessions of V. angularis from the genebank were also analyzed. Genetic variation was highest in the wild form (H_g= 0.132; GD = 0.388), followed by the weedy form (H_g= 0.124; GD = 0.341) and the least in the cultivated form (H_g= 0.079; GD = 0.274). Intra-population genetic variation was high in the weedy and in the wild populations. However, inter-population was greater than intra-population genetic variation for all groups of populations studied in the V. angularis complex. 93% of the total diversity in the present study was exhibited by plants from complex populations and specific RAPD bands were found in these populations. Our results provide evidence that complex populations would be a logical focus for efforts to conserve the V. angularis complex in situ. Our results suggest that weedy populations are usually an ecotype of the wild form adapted to a different habitat.     

Dislocation of the Shoulder Joint in the Dog and Cat

Abstract— —An account is given of a technique that has been successfully employed for the surgical stabilization of the shoulder joint in the event of recurring dislocation in four dogs and one cat. A strip of whole-thickness skin is used as a reinforcing band which is threaded across the joint in such a way that the head of the humerus is secured firmly in the glenoid of the scapula.
Résumé— —Un compte-rendu est donné d'une technique qui a été employée avec succès pour la stabilisation chirurgicale de l'articulation de l'épaule à l'occasion d'une dislocation récurrente chez quatre chiens et un chat. Une bande de peua d'épaisseur entière est employée comme bande de renforcement et est cousue sur l'articulation de telle façon que la tête de l'humérus repose fermement dans la glénoide de la scapule.
Zusammenfassung—Es wird eine Methode beschrieben, welche zur chirurgischen StabiUsierung des Schultergelenks in Fallen von wiederholter Luxation bei vier Hunden und einer Katze erfolgreich angewendet wurde. Ein Hautstrcifen von vollständiger Dicke wurde als Verstärkungsband benützt und so über das Gelenk gewunden, dass der oberste Teil des Humeruses fest in der Schultergelenk-grube verankert wurde.     

AFLP初析小豆栽培和野生变种(Vigna angularis var.angularis and var.nipponensis)间演化与地理分布关系

 利用 12对AFLP引物 ,以饭豆标准品系M 0 0作对照 ,对来自中国、日本、韩国、尼泊尔、印度、不丹的 14 6份小豆栽培种 (Vignaangularisvar.angularis)和野生种 (Vignaangularisvar.nipponensis)种质的基因组DNA进行扩增 ,得到 313条多态性带。据AFLP多态性数据绘制的聚类图 ,可区分其中的 14 3份种质 ,表明小豆物种 (Vi gnaangularis)存在足够的遗传多样性 ,可用于资源材料的准确鉴别与分类。鉴于此 ,采用新开发的利用AFLP数据揭示核苷多样性的Innan’s进化树分析方法 ,进一步将 14 6份小豆资源分成 7个明显不同的地理演化群 ,即中国栽培种、日本栽培种、日本综合群 韩国栽培种、中国台湾野生种、中国野生种、尼泊尔 不丹栽培种和喜马拉雅野生种演化群。就上述地理演化群的遗传多样性、地理分布以及野生种与栽培种之间可能的演化关系进行了分析 ,初步认为栽培小豆至少应当有 4个不同类型的野生祖先和 3个不同的地理起源。