绿僵菌与FKBP52联合使用对西花蓟马的毒力

为阐明绿僵菌与昆虫免疫抑制蛋白的增效机理,采用浸渍法测定昆虫免疫抑制蛋白FKBP52与金龟子绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopliae对西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis的毒力和其体内羧酸酯酶（carboxylesterase,CarE）、谷胱甘肽-S转移酶（glutathione-S transferase,GST）、酚氧化酶（phenoloxidase,PO）及几丁质酶活性的变化。结果显示,金龟子绿僵菌和FKBP52蛋白联合使用对西花蓟马的致死中时LT₅₀为7.32 d,优于绿僵菌单用（10.87 d）或FKBP52蛋白单用的（14.15 d）。金龟子绿僵菌和FKBP52蛋白联合使用9 d时,西花蓟马的累计死亡率达81.11%,显著高于绿僵菌单用（45.56%）或FKBP52蛋白单用的（36.67%）;金龟子绿僵菌和FKBP52蛋白联合使用的协同毒力指数为24.10,表现为增效作用。金龟子绿僵菌与FKBP52蛋白联合使用1 d后,西花蓟马体内CarE和PO活性小于金龟子绿僵菌单用后的活性;联合使用2 d后,西花蓟马体内几丁质酶活性小于绿僵菌单用后的活性,而CarE和GST活性均大于金龟子绿僵菌单用后的活性;联合使用3 d后,西花蓟马体内几丁质酶、CarE和PO活性均大于绿僵菌单用后的活性。表明与金龟子绿僵菌单用相比,金龟子绿僵菌和FKBP52蛋白联合使用后西花蓟马体内CarE、GST、PO和几丁质酶活性抑制或诱导效应与时间有关,这可能是两者具有增效作用的重要机制。     

Peroxidase-catalyzed removal of phenols from coal-conversion waste waters

A novel, enzymatic approach has been developed for the removal of phenols from coal-conversion aqueous effluents. Treatment with horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide precipitates 97 to 99 percent of the phenol in a wide range of pH and phenol concentrations; both model mixtures and real industrial waste-water samples have been treated successfully. Other pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, can be enzymatically coprecipitated with the phenols.     

六六六土壤施药防治三化螟的试验

牛头天社蛾(Phalera bucephala L.)为新疆維吾尔自治区林业和行道树中最普遍的一种食叶害虫,已見为害的树种有榆、楊、柳,据文献記載尚有樺、櫟、榛、榿、槭、花楸及苹果、梨等树。国外分布于欧洲及西伯利亚;我国仅知于新疆,分布于烏魯木齐、瑪納斯、沙湾等县。成虫体长22—24毫米,翅展50—60毫米。触角双櫛齿状,复眼灰色。顱頂毛棕褐色,頸板毛及前胸背桔黄色,其两側和后緣有由棕褐色鳞毛所組成的带二条。从头部正視之,甚为雄壮,有如牛头,故学名原意称为“牛头”,今以牛头天社蛾名之,有利于記忆学名。前翅銀灰色,在苏联称之为銀色天社蛾。頂角处有一金黄色大圓斑,斑紋内有两条桔黄色較寬的横断綫,与嵌在两边的棕褐色端綫、亚端綫及外綫,形成和头胸部相似的花紋。前翅中央处有一淡黄色小斑。基綫及亚基綫(內綫)亦为棕褐色。后翅黄白色,有一微弱的中     

Study on the species-specificity of Isospora michaelbakeri by experimental infection

Isospora michaelbakeri is one of the Isospora species most commonly found in the wild field, which can cause severe infection and mortality in young sparrows. In this study, we selected I. michaelbakeri (Chung Hsing strain) as a pathogen to orally inoculate russet sparrows (Passer rutilans), spotted munia (Lonchura punctulata), canary (Serinus canaria), Java sparrows (Padda oryzivora), chicken (Gallus domesticus), ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and BALB/c mice. The results indicated that I. michaelbakeri infected only russet sparrows. Infected sparrows displayed lethargy, muscular weakness and fluffy feathers, followed by rapid death. Liver and spleen enlargement was seen in the infected birds. Schizonts were identified in thin smears from the venous blood, enlarged livers and spleens. Histopathological examination revealed schizonts and merozoites from the liver and spleen of infected russet sparrows, but not from other species experimentally inoculated with I. michaelbakeri in the present study.     

Effect of dietary supplementation with resveratrol on nutrient digestibility,methanogenesis and ruminal microbial flora in sheep

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of resveratrol on methanogenesis and microbial flora in Dorper × thin‐tailed Han cross‐bred ewes. In experiment 1, ten ewes (67.2 ± 2.24 kg BW) were assigned to two dietary treatments, a basal diet and a basal diet supplemented with resveratrol (0.25 g/head·day), to investigate the effect of resveratrol on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance. In experiment 2, six ewes (64.0 ± 1.85 kg BW) with ruminal cannulae were assigned to the identical dietary treatments used in experiment 1 to investigate supplementary resveratrol on ruminal fermentation and microbial flora using qPCR. The results showed that supplementary resveratrol improved the digestibility of organic matter (OM; p < 0.001), nitrogen (N; p = 0.007), neutral detergent fibre (NDF; p < 0.001) and acid detergent fibre (ADF; p < 0.001). The excretion of faecal N was reduced (p = 0.007), whereas that of urinary N increased (p = 0.002), which led to an unchanged N retention (p = 0.157). Both CO₂ and CH₄ output scaled to digestible dry matter (DM) intake decreased from 602.5 to 518.7 (p = 0.039) and 68.2 to 56.6 (p < 0.001) respectively. Ruminal pH (p = 0.341), ammonia (p = 0.512) and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) (p = 0.249) were unaffected by resveratrol. The molar proportion of propionate increased from 13.1 to 17.5% (p < 0.001) while that of butyrate decreased from 11.0 to 9.55% (p < 0.001). The ratio of acetate to propionate (A/P) decreased from 5.44 to 3.96 (p < 0.001). Supplementary resveratrol increased ruminal population of Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens (p < 0.001) while decreased protozoa and methanogens. In conclusion, dietary resveratrol inhibited methanogenesis without adversely affecting ruminal fermentation.     

北京西郊白皮松、油松、柏树林下土壤动态的研究

北京西郊白皮松、油松、柏树林下土壤动态研究试验林地的土壤为非石灰性半干润淋溶褐土。这类土壤在北京西郊高位平原区具有广泛的代表性。定位观测从1981年开始至1984年结束。研究结果表明:试验林地生长季节土壤水分含量保持在10～15 mm左右,属季节性淋溶型的半干润土壤水分状况,年平均土壤温度13℃,属温性土壤温度状况;土壤水分、土壤温度的季节性变化明显,年变化不明显。试验林地土壤养分状况的年、季节性动态不甚明显,不同林分间的年、季节性变化也不甚明显,但干湿季节分明,林木生长季节与雨季同期,因此土壤条件基本能保证白皮松、油松、柏树林分正常生长的需要。     

玉米闽单88高产制种综合农艺措施的数学模型

采用二次回归旋转设计方法,研究了玉米闽单 ８８ 主要栽培因子（密度、 Ｎ 肥、 Ｐ 肥、 Ｋ 肥）与制种产量的关系,通过微机对模型进行模拟,得出各因子对制种产量效应的主次关系及２ 因子搭配的产量效应．通过频数分析,筛选出指定产量水平下的最佳农艺措施组合方案,建立了闽单８８ 在三明红黄壤条件下的高产制种数学模型