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11.
Torés Juan Antonio González María Dolores Pozo Eva Urdiales José Luis Medina Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Jiménez Francisca 《Phytoparasitica》1999,27(3):207-213
Chlorpheniramine (CPA) is an antihistaminic that changes the conformation of DNA and inhibits polyamine biosynthesis in mammalian
cells. In the present work, we tested the effect of CPA on four genera of fungi species (Altemaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium cladosporioides and threePenicillium spp.) grownin vitro. Similar growth inhibitions of these genera were produced by 0.5 raM iprodione, CPA and histidinol, but CPA was the most effective.
The CPA sensitivities of the twoB. cinerea strains were different. Putrescine did not restore the fungal growth inhibited by CPA. 相似文献
12.
Carlos Garrido María Carbú Francisco Javier Fernández-Acero Giles Budge Inmaculada Vallejo Alison Colyer Jesús M. Cantoral 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,120(4):409-415
Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum spp., is a major disease of cultivated strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa. This study identifies the Colletotrichum spp. which causes strawberry anthracnose in the southwest of Spain. A survey of the region was carried out, and the strains
isolated were identified as C. acutatum by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with genus and species-specific primers, demonstrating that this species is
currently the causal agent of strawberry anthracnose in the studied region. The pathogenicity of C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides strains was evaluated on two principal strawberry cultivars (cvs Camarosa and Ventana) under field conditions, the latter
being more pathogenic than the former. 相似文献
13.
In mountainous Mediterranean regions, land abandonment processes in past decades are hypothesized to trigger secondary vegetal
succession and homogenization, which in recent years has increased the size of burned areas. We conducted an analysis of temporal
changes in landscape vegetal spatial pattern over a 15-year period (1984–1998) in a rural area of 672.3 km2 in Eastern Spain to investigate the relationship between local landscape heterogeneity and wildfire occurrence. Heterogeneity
was analyzed from textural metrics derived from non-classified remote sensing data at several periods, and was related to
wildfire history in the study area. Several neural network models found significant relationships between local spatial pattern
and future fire occurrence. In this study, sensitivity analysis of the texture variables suggested that fire occurrence, estimated
as probability of burning in the near future, increased where local homogeneity was higher. 相似文献
14.
Francisco A Macías Nuria Chinchilla Elena Arroyo Rosa M Varela José MG Molinillo David Marín 《Pest management science》2010,66(10):1137-1147
BACKGROUND: Fifteen novel derivatives of D‐DIBOA, including aromatic ring modifications and the addition of side chains in positions C‐2 and N‐4, had previously been synthesised and their phytotoxicity on standard target species (STS) evaluated. This strategy combined steric, electronic, solubility and lipophilicity requirements to achieve the maximum phytotoxic activity. An evaluation of the bioactivity of these compounds on the systems Oryza sativa–Echinochloa crus‐galli and Triticum aestivum–Avena fatua is reported here. RESULTS: All compounds showed inhibition profiles on the two species Echinochloa crus‐galli (L.) Beauv. and Avena fatua L. The most marked effects were caused by 6F‐4Pr‐D‐DIBOA, 6F‐4Val‐D‐DIBOA, 6Cl‐4Pr‐D‐DIBOA and 6Cl‐4Val‐D‐DIBOA. The IC50 values for the systems Echinochloa crus‐galli–Oryza sativa and Avena fatua–Triticum aestivum for all compounds were compared. The compound that showed the greatest selectivity for the system Echinochloa crus‐galli–Oryza sativa was 8Cl‐4Pr‐D‐DIBOA, which was 15 times more selective than the commercial herbicide propanil (Cotanil‐35). With regard to the system Avena fatua–Triticum aestivum, the compounds that showed the highest selectivities were 8Cl‐4Val‐D‐DIBOA and 6F‐4Pr‐D‐DIBOA. The results obtained for 6F‐4Pr‐D‐DIBOA are of great interest because of the high phytotoxicity to Avena fatua (IC50 = 6 µM , r2 = 0.9616). CONCLUSION: The in vitro phytotoxicity profiles and selectivities shown by the compounds described here make them candidates for higher‐level studies. 8Cl‐4Pr‐D‐DIBOA for the system Echinochloa crus‐galli‐Oryza sativa and 6F‐4Pr‐D‐DIBOA for Avena fatua‐Triticum aestivum were the most interesting compounds. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
15.
Design and validation of a RT‐qPCR procedure for diagnosis and quantification of most types of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus using a single pair of degenerated primers 下载免费PDF全文
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is an important virus which affects the salmonid aquaculture industry worldwide; therefore, it is important to develop rapid and reliable methods of diagnosis to detect the disease at early stages. Nowadays, RT‐qPCR is replacing other methods because it provides additional information on the viral load, which is important to have a better understanding of the virus replication level and of the stage of the infection and its risk level. The main problem stems from the high diversity of this virus, which can compromise the reliability of the diagnosis. In this study, we have designed an RT‐qPCR procedure for diagnosis and quantification of IPNV based on a single pair of primers targeted to segment B. The procedure has been validated, in vitro and in vivo, testing two different types of standards against seven reference strains and 23 field isolates from different types. The procedure is reliable for the detection of any type, with a detection limit of 31 TCID50 mL?1, 50 pfu mL?1 or 66 RNA copies mL?1, depending on the standard. All the standard curves showed high reliability (R2 > 0.95). The results support the high reliability of this new procedure for the diagnosis and quantification of IPNV. 相似文献
16.
Soybean molasses as an organic carbon source in the farming of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) in a biofloc system 下载免费PDF全文
Carlos Manoel do Espírito Santo Isabela Claudiana Pinheiro Gabriel Fernandes Alves de Jesus José Luiz Pedreira Mouriño Felipe do Nascimento Vieira Walter Quadros Seiffert 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(4):1827-1835
Soybean molasses was evaluated as a partial replacement for sugarcane molasses as a carbon source for biofloc development in the superintensive culture of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). A 50‐day study was conducted with juvenile (3.2 g) shrimp stocked in 16 800 L tanks at a stocking density of 250 shrimp m?3. Control of total ammonia concentration was performed by the addition of combined mixtures of soybean and sugarcane molasses to the culture water. Three different molasses treatments were evaluated using different soybean‐to‐sugarcane molasses ratios: 15–85%, 38–62% and 60–40% respectively. The control group was treated only with sugarcane molasses. Water quality, chlorophyll a concentration, heterotrophic bacterial load, Vibrio spp. concentration and zootechnical indexes were all evaluated. Total ammonia concentration was controlled by heterotrophic and chemotrophic pathways. Biofloc formation, as quantified by measuring the total suspended solids, was not altered. The Vibrio spp. concentration showed a significant reduction in treatments with soybean‐to‐sugarcane molasses ratios of 38–62% and 60–40%. All combined mixtures of soybean and sugarcane molasses could maintain water quality and productivity in the superintensive culture of L. vannamei using the biofloc system. Thus, the potential use of a residue from agroindustry as a carbon source in a biofloc culture is demonstrated. 相似文献
17.
López-Nicolás JM Bru Martìnez R García-Carmona F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(2):292-296
When the effect of calcium on the oxidation of linoleic acid by potato tuber 5-lipoxygenase (LOX) was investigated, it was seen to promote the enzyme's activity at pH values higher than the optimum pH of 6.3, resulting in an enzyme activation at alkaline pH. Kinetic analysis of calcium activation at different pH values revealed that the cation abolished the inhibition by high substrate concentration, which occurs in the absence of Ca(2+), thus leading to activation at high substrate concentration. Studies were conducted to investigate the influence of Ca(2+) on the physicochemical nature of the substrate and its effect on the LOX activity expression. It was concluded that the aggregation mode rather than the aggregation state of linoleic acid is responsible for potato 5-LOX changes. 相似文献
18.
María Xesús Gómez-Rey Serafin Jesús Gonzalez-Prieto 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2013,49(8):1065-1075
Wildfires often modify soil properties, including the N status and net N mineralization rates, but their impacts on gross N fluxes have been scarcely evaluated. We aimed to ascertain the immediate effects of a medium–high severity wildfire on soil N transformations. Net and gross N rates were analytically and numerically (FLUAZ) quantified in burned (BS) and unburned (US) topsoils from the temperate–humid region (NW Spain). Analytical and numerical solutions were significantly correlated for both gross N mineralization (m) (r 2?=?0.815; p?<?0.001) and gross nitrification (n) (r 2?=?0.950; p?<?0.001). In BS, all NH4 +-N fluxes (net m, gross m and gross NH4 +-N immobilization, ‘ia’) increased, while those of NO3 ?-N decreased (gross n and gross NO3 ?-N immobilization, ‘in’) or did not vary (net n). In US and BS, gross m (0.26–3.60 and 4.70–15.42 mg N kg?1 day?1, respectively) predominated over gross n (0.026–2.45 and 0.001–0.002 mg N kg?1 day?1, respectively), and the same was true for the net fluxes. Compared with the few available data on recently burned soils (m?=?8–55 mg N kg?1 day?1; n?=?0.50–1.83 mg N kg?1 day?1), our gross m and n rates were similar and very low, respectively; gross n showed that nitrifiers were active in US and also in BS, despite the 98 % reduction observed immediately after the fire. For gross fluxes, m increased more than ia suggesting an NH4 +-N accumulation, but there is no risk of NO3 ?-N leaching because n decreased more than in. 相似文献
19.
Mercè Llugany Roser Tolrà Sandra Raquel Martín Charlotte Poschenrieder Juan Barceló 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2013,176(6):851-858
Glutathione (GSH) and phenolics play an important role in plant defense against metal‐ion toxicity. The antioxidant activity and metal‐binding capacity of these compounds can account for the protective effects. In contrast to animal‐cell models, however, the possible interplay among these substances in stress defense of plants is poorly investigated. This study compares the influence of cadmium (Cd) on the profiles of both soluble phenolics and GSH in shoots of different Thlaspi and Noccaea species: two ecotypes of the nonhyperaccumulator T. arvense differing in Cd resistance (ecotype Aigues Vives, Cd‐sensitive, and ecotype Jena, Cd‐resistant) and two Cd‐tolerant Cd‐Zn hyperaccumulators N. praecox and N. caerulescens (formerly Thlaspi praecox and T. caerulescens). To reveal the possible influence of Cd‐induced sulfur (S) shortage on the stress response, plants receiving normal S concentrations (500 μM MgSO4) and plants treated with surplus S (500 μM MgSO4 + 500 μM K2SO4) were analyzed. Our working hypothesis was that species differences in tolerance to high tissue Cd concentrations should be reflected by differences in endogenous levels of GSH and phenolic compounds. The results reveal clear species‐dependent differences in both the constitutive patterns and the Cd‐ and S‐induced changes in shoot concentrations of GSH and phenolics. However, no simple relationship between these shoot concentrations and Cd accumulation and tolerance can be established. 相似文献
20.
Javier Abadía Ana Álvarez-Fernández Adamo D. Rombolaà Manuel Sanz Massimo Tagliavini Anunciación Abadía 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(7):965-971
The objective of this paper is to review the developments in the last few years in two important issues related to Fe deficiency in plants. First, the current knowledge on the possible ways to carry out the diagnosis and prognosis of Fe deficiency in plants is discussed. This includes discussion on the best ways to carry out a meaningful analysis of Fe-containing compounds in different plant parts. We will also discuss other measurement techniques that can permit to assess the Fe nutritional status in plants, including leaf chlorophyll concentrations and others. Second, the new developments in management techniques to control and remediate iron deficiency are discussed. This includes possible improved ways to supply Fe compounds available to plants, both to the soil and to the irrigation water. We also discuss possible ways to supply directly the plant with Fe containing compounds, either to the foliage or to the stem. A particular emphasis is given throughout the paper to fruit tree crops growing in Mediterranean areas. 相似文献