Transition-State Spectroscopy of Cyclooctatetraene

The 351-nanometer photoelectron spectrum of the planar cyclooctatetraene radical anion (COT·-) shows transitions to two electronic states of cyclooctatetraene (COT). These states correspond to the D4h 1A1g state, which is the transition state for COT ring inversion, and the D8h 3A2u state. The electron binding energy of the 1A1g transition state is 1.099 ± 0.010 electron volts, which is lower by 12.1 ± 0.3 kilocalories per mole than that of the 3A2u state. The photoelectron spectrum shows that the singlet lies well below the triplet in D8h COT and confirms ab initio predictions that the molecule violates Hund's rule. Vibrational structure is observed for both features and is readily assigned by use of a simple potential energy surface.     

Differential Rotation and Dynamics of the Solar Interior

Splitting of the sun's global oscillation frequencies by large-scale flows can be used to investigate how rotation varies with radius and latitude within the solar interior. The nearly uninterrupted observations by the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) yield oscillation power spectra with high duty cycles and high signal-to-noise ratios. Frequency splittings derived from GONG observations confirm that the variation of rotation rate with latitude seen at the surface carries through much of the convection zone, at the base of which is an adjustment layer leading to latitudinally independent rotation at greater depths. A distinctive shear layer just below the surface is discernible at low to mid-latitudes.     

营销人的五项修炼

在中国,营销无疑是最具挑战性的职业之一,充满了辛酸和劳苦,同时营销也是让个人最容易突破自己,快速成长的职业.作为一名营销人,你应该为自己的选择而庆幸,因为你已经走上了一条通往成功的快捷之路,如果希望将来成为一名营销精英,甚至做中国最优秀的职业经理人,那么请参照下面的五项修炼.     

Soil texture prediction through stratification of a regional soil spectral library

Knowing the spatial distribution of soil texture,which is a physical property,is essential to support agricultural and environmental decision making.Soil texture can be estimated using visible,near infrared,and shortwave infrared(Vis-NIR-SWIR)spectroscopy.However,the performance of spectroscopic models is variable because of soil heterogeneity.Currently,few studies address the effects of soil sample variability on the performance of the models,especially for larger spectral libraries that include soils that are more heterogeneous.Therefore,the objectives of this study were to:i)apply Vis-based color parameters on the stratification of a regional soil spectral library;ii)evaluate the performance of the predictive models generated from the spectral library stratification;iii)compare the performance of stratified models(SMs)and the model without stratification(WSM),and iv)explain possible changes in prediction accuracy based on the SMs.Thus,a regional soil spectral library with 1535 samples from the State of Santa Catarina,Brazil was used.Soil reflectance data were obtained by Vis-NIR-SWIR spectroscopy in the laboratory using a spectroradiometer covering the 350–2500 nm spectral range.Sand,silt,and clay fractions were determined using the pipette method.Twenty-two components of color parameters were derived from the Vis spectrum using the colorimetric models.A cubist regression algorithm was used to assess the accuracy of the applicability of the initial models(SMs and WSM)and of the validation between the clusters.Fractional order derivatives(FODs)at 0.5,1.5,and 2 intervals were used to explain possible changes in the performance of the SMs.The SMs with higher contents of clay and iron oxides obtained the highest accuracy,and the most important spectral bands were identified,mainly in the 480–550 and 850–900 nm ranges and the 1400,1900,and 2200 nm bands.Therefore,stratification of soil spectral libraries is a good strategy to improve regional assessments of soil resources,reducing prediction errors in the qualitative determination of soil properties.     

生态毒理学工具在评价石油化工厂区土地耕作适宜性中的运用

The demand for simple and rapid bioassays in ecotoxicological evaluations is of paramount importance in order to speed up environmental monitoring programs. In this study we performed bioassays with lettuce seeds and two species of terrestrial isopods （Armadillidium vulgare and Porcellio dilatatus） for the ecotoxicological assessment of a landfarming soil from a petrochemical complex area. The solubilized content of test soil demonstrated a concentration-response type toxic effect on seed germination rate, and a delay on germination, but showed toxic effect on seedlings wet weight only at the highest concentration. Toxic effects were also observed in mortality rate and avoidance behavior of the two woodlice species. These results demonstrated the sensitiveness of the organisms studied, and highlighted the possibility to use these bioassays in environmental monitoring programs in areas contaminated with fossil fuels.     

Efficiency of soil-applied 67Zn-enriched fertiliser across three consecutive crops

A very small amount of applied zinc (Zn) is taken up by crops, resulting in low recovery by plants. Adding elemental sulphur to zinc oxide (ZnO) fertiliser could improve Zn solubilisation and exert a higher residual effect on crops than soluble Zn sources. We produced an isotopically labelled Zn-elemental sulphur fertiliser and evaluated its performance in comparison to traditional Zn sources during sequential crop cultivation. Three ⁶⁷Zn-labelled fertilisers, ZnO, zinc sulphate (ZnSO₄), and ZnO co-granulated with elemental sulphur (ZnOS⁰), were soil applied, and their contributions to the uptake of Zn by three consecutive crops, wheat, ryegrass, and corn, were assessed in a 294-d pot experiment. The contributions of Zn fertilisers followed the order:ZnSO₄ > ZnO=ZnOS⁰. The relative contributions of Zn fertilisers were lower in the first crop than in the subsequent crops. The overall recovery of applied Zn by the three crops was higher for ZnSO₄ than for ZnO and ZnOS⁰, reaching 1.56%, 0.45%, and 0.33% of the applied Zn, respectively. Zinc recovery by plants was very low, regardless of the source of Zn. Adding elemental sulphur to ZnO did not increase its effectiveness up to 294 d after application. Fertiliser contribution was higher for the subsequent crops than for the initial crop, indicating the importance of assessing the residual effects of Zn fertilisers.     

液体地膜覆盖对棉花生理特性的影响

研究结果表明，液体地膜覆盖棉花根系伤流中游离氨基酸总量和无机磷含量明显增加，根系活力增强；叶片光化学特性得以改善，光合效率提高；发育的棉铃中转化酶活性增强，加速了光合产物向棉铃中运输的速度。     

甘肃玛曲高寒草甸土壤微生物季节变化特性的研究

选取甘肃玛曲高寒草甸6个样地，对各样地的土壤微生物季节动态及其与土壤理化因子的关系进行了分析。结果表明，在土壤微生物中细菌数量占绝对优势，季节变化对土壤微生物有较大的影响，土壤微生物与土壤肥力有较为密切的关系。细菌在4月出现高峰；放线菌数量春季到秋季数量逐渐减少；真菌数量春季到秋季变化不明显，冬季略有增加；氨化菌、硝化...     

农业经济管理分类的研究

运用多元统计分析中的分层聚类分析和判别分析方法,借助SPSS统计软件进行统计分析,以西藏自治区的35个农业县为研究对象,根据2007年西藏农业县农林牧渔业产值、粮食产量、工业总产值等主要统计指标为分类变量,对农业县进行分类,根据所得出的结论,客观、合理地提出合理性的建议.