基于mtDNA D-loop序列分析青海省果洛州牦牛遗传资源的母系遗传多样性及群体遗传结构

为从分子水平上对青海省果洛藏族自治州牦牛遗传资源进行系统评估,分析其母系遗传多样性、群体遗传结构和群体遗传分化,本研究对甘德、班玛、久治和玛多牦牛群体共152头个体进行线粒体DNA（mtDNA）D-loop区测序,并从GenBank下载已公布的37条达日牦牛和32条玛沁牦牛的相应序列,对这6个牦牛群体mtDNA D-loop序列进行综合分析。结果表明：1）221条牦牛mtDNA D-loop序列（636~638 bp）比对分析共检测出57个变异位点,包括8个单一多态位点和49个简约信息位点。根据D-loop序列间核苷酸变异共确定了45种单倍型,其中班玛、达日、甘德、久治、玛多、玛沁牦牛群体分别拥有1、6、5、4、7、6种特有单倍型。2）6个牦牛群体总的单倍型多样度和核苷酸多样度为0.901和0.014,表明其母系遗传多样性丰富。其中,甘德牦牛的单倍型多样度最高（Hd=0.951）,久治牦牛的单倍型多样度最低（Hd=0.818）。3）遗传分化和基因流分析表明,除久治牦牛与班玛、甘德、玛沁牦牛群体间分化程度均呈中等遗传分化水平（0.05≤F_ST<0.15）,基因交流相对贫乏外,其他牦牛群体间F_ST值较小（0<F_ST<0.05）,分化程度弱,基因交流相对频繁。4）聚类分析表明久治、甘德、班玛3个牦牛群体间亲缘关系较近,而玛多、玛沁、达日3个牦牛群体间亲缘关系较近。5）系统发育分析显示6个牦牛群体中除久治牦牛由3个母系遗传支系（即Mt-Ⅰ、Mt-Ⅱ和Mt-Ⅲ）组成外,其他群体均由Mt-Ⅰ和Mt-Ⅱ 2个母系支系组成,推测果洛藏族自治州中久治牦牛群体有3个母系起源,其他牦牛群体均有2个母系起源。综上,青海省果洛藏族自治州6个牦牛群体均拥有特殊的母系遗传信息且母系遗传多样性较为丰富;各牦牛群体间遗传分化程度整体较弱;久治、甘德和班玛3个牦牛群体间亲缘关系较近,而玛多、玛沁和达日3个牦牛群体间亲缘关系较近;除久治牦牛群体有3个母系起源外,其他牦牛群体均有2个母系起源。本研究为青海省果洛藏族自治州牦牛遗传资源的合理保护和开发利用提供了理论基础。     

施磷量对超级稻南粳44产量和品质的影响

 以超级稻南粳44为材料,研究施磷量对水稻产量和品质的影响。结果表明,大田基施磷肥(P2O5)  0.0~225.0  kg/hm2,单位面积穗数、每穗粒数随着施磷量的增加而降低,结实率、千粒重则先升后降。各品质指标值与施磷量的相关均未达到显著水平,但施磷能提高糙米率、整精米率、垩白面积、垩白度,降低峰值黏度、热浆黏度、崩解值、冷胶黏度和回复值,而精米率、垩白米率、蛋白质含量、直链淀粉含量、起始糊化温度、消减值和到达峰值黏度时间对磷素的反应不明显。施磷主要是增加垩白面积从而增加垩白度,对垩白面积、垩白度、消减值影响较大,而糙米率、到达峰值黏度时间和起始糊化温度基本不受影响。综合产量和品质性状,水稻生产中应适量施磷(在土壤营养中等或偏上土壤上施85.7 kg/hm2为宜),过量施用不仅低产低效,还会加重生态污染。     

红花超临界提取物的GC-MS成分分析及抗菌活性研究

[目的]了解红花超临界CO_2萃取物的化学成分并检测其抑菌活性。[方法]采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术对超临界CO_2提取的红花成分进行分析,并采用滤纸片法检测萃取物对6种常见病原菌的抑菌活性。[结果]从红花萃取物中鉴定了41个化合物,占总萃取物的52.11%。红花超临界萃取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、白色念球菌、枯草芽孢菌有抑制作用。[结论]该试验为红花的进一步研究及开发利用提供科学依据。     

Particle-stabilized defect gel in cholesteric liquid crystals

Dispersions of colloidal particles in cholesteric liquid crystals form an unusual solid by stabilizing a network of linear defects under tension in the ideal layered structure of the cholesteric. The large length scales of the cholesteric liquid crystals allowed direct observation of the network structure, and its properties were correlated with rheological measurements of elasticity. This system serves as a model for a class of solids formed when particles are mixed with layered materials such as thermotropic and lyotropic smectic liquid crystals and block copolymers.     

Snail1/IGF-1 pathway mediates high glucose-induced EMT in renal tubular epithelial cells

AIM: To observe the expression of Snail1 and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in NRK-52E cells induced by high glucose, and to investigate the relationship of Snail1 and IGF-1 in the mechanism of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in diabetic kidney disease (DKD).METHODS: The NRK-52E cells were treated with Snail1 siRNA and IGF-1 siRNA after cultured with high glucose medium for 72 h, and divided into control group, high glucose group, non-targeting (NT) siRNA group, Snail1 RNAi group and IGF-1 RNAi group. The cells were harvested at 48 h and 72 h. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of Snail1, IGF-1, E-cadherin and fibronectin (FN), and the protein levels were determined by immunofluorescence staining.RESULTS: Compared with control group, the expression of E-cadherin at mRNA and protein levels declined after stimulation with high glucose (P<0.01), while that of FN was elevated (P<0.01). Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein levels of Snail1 and IGF-1 were markedly increased (P<0.01).The expression of E-cadherin at mRNA and protein levels was improved in Snail1 RNAi group as compared with high glucose group(P<0.01), while that of FN, IGF-1 and Snail1 was significantly down-regulated (P<0.01). The same changes were observed in IGF-1 RNAi group (P<0.01). The protein expression of each factor in NT group had no significant change as compared with high glucose group (P>0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed a close positive relationship between the expression of Snail1 and IGF-1 protein (r=0.852, P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Snail1 may facilitate DKD development by regulating IGF-1 in the process of EMT.     

梁山慈竹在退耕还林中的水土保持效应研究

利用小型径流观测场对比观测降雨时间集中的梁山慈竹林和未退耕种植红薯的耕地的17次降雨、10次水土流失过程进行效益对比,分析侵蚀量、径流量与降雨因子的关系。结果表明,退耕还梁山慈竹林的穿透降水率为89.14%,茎流率平均为1.57%,林冠截持降水率为9.29%;凋落物层的最大持水量约为27.54 t.hm-2,相当于水深2.4～3.3 mm,占降水量的14.46%～19.88%;与未退耕地相比,梁山慈竹林的平均径流量比耕地减少24.6%,而耕地侵蚀量约是林地的4.7倍,林地降水的泥沙侵蚀平均减少量达到78.56%。梁山慈竹有较好的水土保持作用,能够明显地减少地表径流和泥沙侵蚀。     

宁波余姚市防护林带生态系统服务功能价值评估

以宁波余姚市防护林带为研究对象,建立了含有调节功能、文化功能和支持功能3大类共15项评估指标的生态系统服务功能价值评估指标体系,利用市场价值法、影子工程法和条件价值法等,定量评估了防护林带生态系统服务价值。结果表明:余姚市防护林带生态系统服务功能总价值为24 310.79万元·a~(-1),单位面积价值为24.31万元·hm~(-2)·a~(-1);净化大气环境、调节温湿度和涵养水源这3项功能是宁波防护林带的主导生态服务功能,分别占总价值的50.78%、24.45%和16.89%;与具有相似防护功能的上海市环城绿带相比,余姚市防护林带的生态系统服务功能单位面积价值稍低于上海市环城绿带。研究结果能为余姚市区域经济可持续发展和绿色GDP的核算提供科学依据。     

The artisanal fishery fleet of the lower Amazon

Abstract  The present study analyses temporal trends in the characteristics of the artisanal fleet landing at ports in the city of Santarém (lower Amazon) from 1993 to 2003. A total of 2714 boats visited the city, accounting for more than 76 000 landings. Of these, 1952 were fishing boats; the others were buyer boats, specialised in the purchase of fish in rural areas for resale in Santarém. The activity involves more than 13 000 fishermen. Fishing boats are made of wood, are on average 11 m long and powered by a 20 hp outboard motor. Boats operate with an average of six to seven fishermen, spending 6 days per trip and catching between 300 and 800 kg of fish. Most variability in yield can be explained by the ice consumed (70%), the number of fishermen trip⁻¹ (19%), fuel consumed (4%) and days spent fishing (3%). The yield changed according to the size, origin and type of boat. Fishing boats coming from more distant locations, in the state of Amazonas, performed better than those from Santarém. Total yield declined slightly during the study period. Mean age of fishing boats and fishing power is increasing. Consumption of ice and fuel by trip, number of fishermen trip⁻¹ and mean days fishing showed positive trends. Financial subsidies from governmental agencies are criticised. Fleet performance and management options are discussed.     

不同电学参数和流速下的拦鱼电栅对草鱼幼鱼的拦导效率

为了探究不同电学参数的拦鱼电栅在静水条件下对草鱼幼鱼[体长(10.22±2.01)cm、体质量(34.25±3.62)g]趋避行为的影响,实验构建了一种双排式的拦鱼电栅,在静水条件下采用3因素4水平正交实验设计,测试了脉冲电压、脉冲频率、脉冲宽度等脉冲直流电参数对拦鱼效果的影响;为了探究静水下拦鱼效果最佳的拦鱼电栅电学...     

The effect of some cryoprotectants on dromedary camel frozen‐thawed semen

The cryopreserved camel semen is often associated with poor quality and fertility. This study aimed to improve the dromedary frozen semen quality by comparing the efficiency of four cryoprotectant agents (CPAs) on sperm freezability. Semen samples were collected from seven male Maghrabi camels, diluted with Shotor diluent supplemented with glycerol (Sh‐G), dimethyl formamide (DMF, Sh‐DF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Sh‐DS) or ethylene glycol (EG, Sh‐EG), all at 6% final concentration, and the samples were subjected to cryopreservation. The results revealed the superiority of Sh‐DF over Sh‐G and Sh‐DS in terms of post‐thaw motility (55.83 ± 2.20 vs. 47.50 ± 4.33 and 45.00 ± 2.89%, respectively), sperm membrane (49.00 ± 0.58, 39.33 ± 3.33 and 42.67 ± 1.45%, respectively) and acrosomal integrities (53.00 ± 0.58, 57.33 ± 0.88 and 52.33 ± 1.45%, respectively). Sh‐EG group showed the lowest post‐thaw motility, plasma membrane and acrosome integrities (12.50 ± 1.44, 22.67 ± 1.45 and 30.67 ± 1.45, respectively). In conclusion, the protocols of dromedary camel semen cryopreservation could be enhanced using 6% DMF as a cryoprotectant agent.