规模化奶牛场育成牛产污系数的测定

通过对华中地区重点监测点郑州市某千头奶牛场监测,制定出能表示该地区奶牛场育成牛产生污染物状况的产污系数.随机选择5头采食正常,健康,体重300 kg左右的育成牛,测定每头育成牛每天饲料采食量及饲料中粗蛋白、磷、铜、锌等指标,每天粪便产生量及粪中全氮、全磷、铜、锌、有机质等指标和每天尿液产生量及尿中COD、氨氮、全氮、全磷、铜、锌等指标,最后得出该奶牛场育成牛的年均产污系数为:氮126.02 g·head-1·d-1,磷60.94 g·head-1·d-1,有机质1966.18 g·head-1·d-1,铜0.143 g·head-1·d-1,锌0.953 g·head-1·d-1,COD 98.908 g·head-1·d-1,氨氮1.579 g·head-1·d-1.育成牛中COD、有机质、氮、磷、锌等污染物排出量较大,且育成牛中COD、氮、磷、铜、锌、氨氮和有机质等污染物排出量随季节变化有不同变化,一旦饲粮满足育成牛的需要,多余的部分将被排到粪尿中,造成营养物质的流失和污染物产生量的增加.     

拷贝数变异在畜禽中的研究进展

拷贝数变异（copy number variation,CNV）具有多种形式的变异结构,在品种多样性、生物进化和疾病相关性等研究中起着重要作用,并具有片段长度大、覆盖范围广等特点。随着分子生物学的发展及DNA测序技术的日渐成熟,人们对遗传变异的研究不断向DNA分子水平深入,多态性标记在畜禽育种中已逐渐成为动物育种研究的趋势和主流。由于CNV对基因的调控和表达所造成的影响更为显著,因此,CNV在重要畜禽中的研究越来越多。目前,已检测出大量有关畜禽重要经济性状的基因序列变异,并有许多研究均表明CNV与动物的重要经济特征及疾病的发生有关。笔者主要通过参考国内外相关的研究报道,简述了CNV的相关研究背景、概念、突变机制,归纳总结了CNV对牛、羊、猪、鸡的经济性状、繁殖性状和疾病调控的影响,以期通过对这些重要畜禽的基因组学研究揭示其适应性遗传机理和表型性状差异的遗传基础,开发相应的分子遗传标记,为畜禽的标记辅助选育提供理论基础。     

荒漠草原家庭牧场不同放牧管理模式下草畜能量平衡模拟研究

本研究以内蒙古乌兰察布市四子王旗家庭牧场调研数据为基础,利用ACIAR草畜平衡模型对荒漠草原家庭牧场在全年放牧和季节牧场及补饲措施的家畜需求与草地供给之间的能量平衡关系进行模拟研究,目的是了解家庭牧场的草畜平衡状态,为草地畜牧业管理提供理论依据。结果表明,划分季节牧场利用可增加家畜在冬季的实际能量摄入,减少在夏季的能量摄入;补饲可以缓解在家畜关键生长期对于能量的需求,并在不额外增加补饲量的条件下,划分季节牧场的家畜也表现出冬季实际能量摄入增加,夏季能量摄入减少。     

高职《兽药制剂工艺》课程体系建设与教学实践初探

高职《兽药制剂工艺与质量检验》课程教学的目标是使学生掌握兽药制剂的基本理论和操作技能,初步具备兽药制剂制备和质量检验的实际工作能力。课程设计以兽药生产过程和工作任务为主线,突出技能培养,强化实践性教学,构建适宜于高职的兽药制剂工艺课程教学体系,探索和创新了一种全新的高职《兽药制剂工艺与质量检验》课程教学模式。     

祁连山东缘高寒草地植物群落叶绿素高光谱反演模型的建立

祁连山高寒草地是我国北方草地的重要组成部分,近年来退化较严重,导致其产量、质量下降.利用ASD地物光谱仪采集了祁连山东缘高寒草地植物群落光谱数据,并利用Person相关系数法、PCA主成分分析法和VIP变量投影重要性法等方法,筛选了与高寒草地植物群落叶绿素相关性较高的原始光谱波段与植被指数,通过多元逐步回归与多元线性回...     

宁夏地区荷斯坦牛乳房性状的遗传参数估计和主成分分析

旨在评估宁夏地区荷斯坦牛乳房性状的遗传水平.本研究使用DMU(v6.0)软件的AI-REML模块结合EM算法并配合多性状动物模型对宁夏地区12415头荷斯坦牛,包括111735个观察值的9个乳房性状进行遗传参数估计,运用主成分分析法(PCA)探讨构象性状之间的关系.结果表明,宁夏地区荷斯坦牛乳房性状遗传力处于中等偏低水...     

山羊痘病毒SS株5个ANK基因缺失的重组病毒构建

为研究锚定蛋白基因(Ankyrin,ANK)对山羊痘病毒的影响,试验采用融合PCR和Overlap PCR技术扩增山羊痘病毒SS株5个ANK基因(ANK010、ANK138、ANK 140、ANK141.2和ANK145)两端侧翼序列和绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因,并将其产物连接Trans1-T 1载体构建ANK缺失的转...     

Semen Collection and Polymerase Chain Reaction‐Based Sex Determination of Black‐Headed and Straw‐Necked Ibis

This study aimed to develop a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based sexing and effective semen collection methods for black‐headed and straw‐necked ibis species. However, most birds are not sexually dimorphic, that is, the sexes appear similar. Therefore, the gender should be determined before semen collection. DNA was extracted from the blood samples of 11 black‐headed and 4 straw‐necked ibis. The sex was determined after PCR amplification of the EE0.6 region of W‐chromosome. The PCR products were separated using gel electrophoresis. A single band indicated the presence of the EE0.6 region and that the individual was a female, while no band indicated that the individual was a male. Further, the single bands from seven specimens were amplified. Semen collection was performed by massage or a combination of massage with electro‐ejaculation and was attempted during all four seasons. The semen was successfully collected in March from male straw‐necked ibis using the massage method. Limited motility, viability and concentration of straw‐necked ibis sperm were observed. The sperm length was 180 μm and that of the nucleus was 30 μm with acrosome located at the tip of the nucleus. Thus, the PCR‐based sexing proved to be an accurate molecular sexing method for black‐headed and straw‐necked ibis. Furthermore, we successfully collected semen and observed the stained sperm nucleus and acrosome of the straw‐necked ibis sperm. We propose that the use of this PCR methodology can be applied as a routine method for sex determination and semen collection in ibis species for future ecological research. However, considering our limited success, further studies on semen collection method are required.