Spatio-temporal pattern evolution and spatial spillover effect of green development efficiency: Evidence from Shandong Province,China

Improving green development efficiency is urgently required, yet challenging, since it comprehensively reflects the bidirectional evolutionary relationship between regional development and resource and environmental consumption. The issue of regional green development efficiency has become a key topic; however, where the increase in efficiency originates and its spatial spillover effect remains unclear to date. Therefore, the spatial spillover effect of the green development efficiency of Shandong Province was quantified through the slack variable (SBM)-Undesirable and Spatial Durbin model. The green development efficiency showed clear spatial differentiation in Shandong Province. This was more obvious than the polarized development trend of the provincial capital circle that has Jinan at its core and the eastern coastal region with Qingdao at its core. Green development efficiency has a significant spatial spillover effect. The regression coefficient of the direct effect of the economic development level is positive. The regression coefficient of the indirect effect of the marketization level and government financial support level is negative. Science and technology played a positive role in the promotion of the green development efficiency of local and neighboring cities. This study contributes empirical evidence to the green development efficiency associated with regional development and resource and environment consumption of Shandong Province.     

Mapping of quantitative trait loci conferring resistance to bacterial wilt in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

Tobacco bacterial wilt (TBW) is one of the most serious tobacco diseases in the world. Studies have shown that tobacco resistance to TBW is quantitatively inherited. This study aimed to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) conferring TBW resistance. An F_2 : 3 population containing 237 lines was developed from a cross between two flue‐cured tobacco cultivars, ‘Yanyan 97’ (YY97; moderately resistant to TBW) and ‘Honghua Dajinyuan’ (HD; highly susceptible to TBW), and a linkage map consisting of 201 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers and spanning a total length of 2326.7 cM was constructed based on the population. Field experiments were conducted 2011 and 2012, and disease symptoms were investigated three times in each year. The phenotypic data were analysed either separately or jointly for QTL mapping using the software QTLNetwork 2.1. Eight QTL with significant main effects were mapped on chromosomes 2, 6, 12, 17 and 24. A major QTL (qBWR17a) was detected on chromosome 17, which explained up to 30% of the phenotypic variation. The results can facilitate marker‐assisted selection (MAS) in TBW resistance breeding programme.     

矮化对马尾松雌球花发生及枝梢生长的影响

以浙江省兰溪市苗圃的马尾松(Pinus massoniana)二代无性系种子园不同结实能力(低产、中产、高产)无性系为材料,设置树干高2 m处截干(D2)、4 m处截干(D4)、不截干(CK)3种矮化处理.2017—2019年连续3 a,调查各无性系在树干高度1、2、4 m处分枝的雌球花量、当年生枝梢长度、当年生枝梢直径,分析截干矮化对不同结实能力无性系雌球花量和枝梢生长的影响.结果表明:在树干高度2m处截干,显著促进高产、中产型无性系雌球花量的增加.2018年高产、中产型无性系雌球花量,分别比CK高出24.22％、30.70％,分别比D4处理高出25.44％、9.19％;2019年高产、中产型无性系雌球花量,分别比CK高出37.56％、38.38％,分别比D4处理高出32.91％、21.47％.矮化后,高产、中产型无性系雌球花量相对差距减小,2017—2019年3 a中,D4处理的高产型无性系雌球花量,分别比中产型高出92.21％、76.17％、53.79％;D2处理的高产型无性系雌球花量,分别比中产型高出68.19％、53.36％、40.56％.矮化促进马尾松树体结实层显著下移,2018、2019年,D4处理的树高2 m分枝处雌球花量,分别比CK高出26.55％、20.73％;D2处理的树高1 m分枝处雌球花量,分别比CK高出27.22％、26.39％.矮化促进马尾松新生枝梢生长;2017—2019年3 a中,D2处理的枝长,分别比CK高出11.71％、12.69％、4.34％;D4处理的枝长,分别比CK高出9.33％、5.73％、2.70％;D2处理的枝直径,分别比CK高出6.18％、9.34％、4.51％,D4处理的枝直径,分别比CK高出4.19％、3.66％、3.59％.综合测算结果,截干能够提高马尾松枝梢的雌球花量,其中在树高2 m处截干的效果最好,能提高中产、高产无性系的雌球花量20％以上.     

预处理对稻草秸秆纤维素酶解产糖及纤维素木质素含量的影响

采用酸处理、碱处理和机械粉碎3种方法对稻草秸秆进行预处理。探讨3种预处理方法对稻草秸秆酶解产糖以及纤维素、木质素含量的影响。结果表明,3种预处理都可以较为有效地提高稻草秸秆的酶解产糖率。经酸处理、碱处理和机械粉碎处理后,稻草秸秆的最高酶解产糖率分别为9.25%,33.16%和10.64%,分别约为对照的3.4倍、12.0倍和4.0倍。酸处理和碱处理可以去除部分杂质,达到纯化稻草秸秆的目的,提高纤维素酶的作用底物——纤维素的比例,从而提高酶解产糖率;而机械粉碎则主要是通过提高酶反应的接触面积来达到提高酶解产糖率的作用。     

高效液相色谱法测定烤红薯中丙烯酰胺研究

以烤红薯为研究对象,比较现阶段常用的丙烯酰胺测定方法并优化改进,建立适合于测定烤红薯中丙烯酰胺含量的高效液相色谱方法。最佳色谱条件:DiamonsilRC18(2)色谱柱(5μm,250 mm×4.6 mm),流速0.6 mL/min,流动相:水—甲醇—三氟乙酸(94.9∶5.0∶0.1)等度洗脱,检测波长202 nm,进样量20μL,柱温30℃。在该色谱条件下,对照品的含量与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,且回收率较高,重复性好,具有定量准确、快速等特点。采用该方法对市售及实验室自制烤红薯进行测定,结果显示其中丙烯酰胺含量均较低甚至为痕量,对人体健康基本不会构成危害。     

高校非计算机专业计算机实验课规范化教学探讨

随着计算机技术的发展及计算机应用的普及,计算机应用基础等课程已成为高等院校各专业必修的基础课,计算机有关课程是实践性很强的课程,据了解多数高校安排试验课与理论课的比例为l：l或接近这个比例。提出了在计算机实验课教学中主抓书写实验教案,实验准备,实验操作过程,书写好实验总结报告等教学环节,规范实验教学过程,从而使学生最有效地掌握所学知识,提高应用操作能力。     

考虑预估驾驶行为的跟驰模型及其稳定性分析

在OV模型的基础上,进一步考虑预估驾驶行为对车流的影响,提出一个新的跟驰模型以获得预估驾驶行为与交通拥堵的关系。通过对新模型进行稳定性分析得到了系统的临界稳定条件。数值仿真结果表明：新模型能够模拟诸如时停时走、系统临界相变等实际交通现象,较OV模型更贴近于实际。同时,预估驾驶行为增强了交通流稳定性能,提高了车流陷入交通阻塞状态的阈值。最后以车速的平滑度和波动幅度最小为评价指标得到了新模型中预估参数的最优取值范围。     

农业信息化背景下光伏发电扶贫模式及效益提升机制研究

精准扶贫已进入攻坚克难的决胜时期,光伏扶贫作为精准扶贫工程之一,在解决脱贫问题中发挥重要作用。农业信息化是促进贫困地区实现农业现代化的重要手段,该文以国家级贫困县W县为例,结合光伏扶贫信息化建设,系统梳理近年来4种典型的光伏扶贫模式,对比分析各种模式的适用范围及其特点,设计光伏扶贫综合效益计算方法。运用层次分析法和模糊综合评价法设计基于光伏扶贫指标评价的收益分配方法,根据典型案例分析,验证所提方法的有效性。综合从5个视角5个层面构建光伏扶贫效益提升机制总体架构,旨在为中国贫困地区光伏扶贫工程提供技术与决策支撑。     

云南民族地区食用松毛虫的调查

在云南省民族地区经过深入广泛的调查,发现了一个鲜为人知的事实,即云南民间少数民族,如哈尼,傣,拉祜,佤族等具有悠久的食用松毛虫的历史。思茅地区共１０个县,至少８个县有人食用。其它地区有临沧,景洪,玉溪等。据调查研究,这一传统与历史上的饥荒有关。     

转基因小麦1Dx5基因沉默的遗传表达和品质效应分析

为了明确通过RNA干扰技术（RNAi）获得的转基因小麦品系“Glu1Dx5RNAi”中1Dx5基因的遗传规律,以“Glu1Dx5RNAi”为供体亲本,以弱筋品种扬麦18和扬麦13为轮回亲本进行回交, 采用半籽粒SDSPAGE法检测亲本、F₁、F₂和BC₁F₁籽粒的高分子量谷蛋白亚基（HMWGS）组成。结果表明,1Dx5基因的沉默效应在杂交后代中表现为显性遗传,在F₂和BC₁F₁世代1Dx5亚基不表达的种子数与1Dx5亚基表达的种子数的比例分别符合13∶3和3∶1的分离比例,说明转小RNA基因导致1Dx5基因沉默是单基因显性遗传。对转基因小麦“Glu1Dx5RNAi”及其受体品种Bobwhite进行品质测试表明,Glu1Dx5RNAi蛋白质含量（13.28%）比转化受体Bobwhite（12.83%）高0.45个百分点,硬度指数、微量SDS沉降值比受体品种分别降低3.13和3.7 mL。1Dx5基因沉默对弱筋小麦育种可能会有一定的利用价值。