Effects of dietary lipid level on growth performance,body composition and digestive enzymes activity of juvenile sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus

A feeding trial aimed to determine the effects of dietary lipid level on growth performance, body composition and digestive enzymes activity of juvenile sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus. Diets with six crude lipid levels (1.9, 13.8, 29.1, 43.6, 59.6 and 71.6 g kg^?1) were fed to sea cucumbers (initial weights 0.65 ± 0.01 g) at a density of 30 juveniles, once a day. After 60 days, body weight gain (BWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed intake (FI) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) decreased with increasing dietary lipid levels. The sea cucumbers fed 1.9 g kg^?1 crude lipid showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) BWG than those of the sea cucumbers fed 59.6 and 71.6 g kg^?1 crude lipid. Intestinal protease and lipase activities generally increased with increasing dietary lipid levels. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content of body walls generally increased with increasing dietary lipid levels. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content of body walls reached the maximum value at a dietary lipid level of 13.8 g kg^?1. N‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acid content followed the same pattern of DHA. According to the growth performance and body composition of sea cucumbers, it can be indicated that the optimum dietary lipid level for juvenile sea cucumbers is between 1.9 and 13.8 g kg^?1.     

中草药联用对罗非鱼无乳链球菌作用的研究

本文利用BIOLOG自动微生物鉴定系统对所分离保存的罗非鱼致病菌株进行生化鉴定,确定为无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae),进而测定虎杖、五倍子、地榆、黄连、大黄、白头翁、黄芩等14种中草药单用及联用复方对该致病菌株的抑菌效果。结果表明,从14种中草药中筛选出6种中草药(中草药A、中草药B、中草药C、中草药D、中草药E、中草药F)对无乳链球菌有良好的抑制作用;随后考察此6种中草药组合成双联用、三联用及四联用复方的抑菌效果,其中双联用中的2种复方具有显著协同作用,4种复方具有协同作用;三联用中的8种复方具有显著协同作用,3种复方具有协同作用;四连用中的1种复方具有显著协同作用,1种复方具有协同作用。     

Impacts of diet on hindgut microbiota and short‐chain fatty acids in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

Diet is known to influence intestinal microbiota in fish, but the specifics of these impacts are still poorly understood. Different protein/fibre ratio diets may result in differing structures and activities of gut microbiota. We examined the hindgut microbiome of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) fed three different diets: fish meal (FM, high protein – low fibre), Sudan grass (SG, high fibre – low protein) and compound feed (CF, intermediate). Microbial profiles of fish fed on FM were significantly different from profiles of fish fed CF and SG (F = 18.85, p < .01). Cetobacterium, known to be positively associated with protein digestion, was the dominant microbial group in FM samples (approximately 75.7%), while Lachnospiraceae and Erysipelotrichaceae, thought to be involved in fermentation of plant polysaccharides, were dominant in CF and SG samples (46.8% and 42.9% respectively). Network analyses indicated that the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Erysipelotrichaceae was in a significantly positive correlation (r = .895, p = .001). Short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels may indicate that the digestibility of diet by microbiota in the grass carp gut decreased from FM to SG (FM>CF>SG). Overall low SCFA levels indicate that hindgut fermentation probably provides a low proportion of energy requirements in grass carp.     

鲤春病毒血症病毒糖蛋白基因在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

根据Gen Bank中鲤春病毒血症病毒(SVCV)糖蛋白全基因序列设计特异性引物,以SVCV欧洲株病毒核酸为模板,通过RT-PCR方法获得欧洲株SVCV-G基因,克隆至p PICZαA,构建p PICZαASVCV1540表达质粒。以限制性内切酶Sac I线性化p PICZαASVCV1540后通过化学法转化毕赤酵母感受态细胞X33和GS115,添加1%甲醇进行诱导表达,SDS-PAGE电泳分析表达产物显示其分子质量为70 ku。Western Blot分析显示该蛋白可以被SVCV山羊多抗识别,表明目的蛋白具有反应原性。     

光照对曼氏无针乌贼行为习性的影响

设置了3个光照强度梯度和红、白、橙、绿、蓝5个光照颜色,研究光照对曼氏无针乌贼行为习性的影响。试验结果表明:曼氏无针乌贼对光色和光强都有反应,而且表现出正趋性;对于同一光强下的红、白、橙、绿4种光照颜色来说,曼氏无针乌贼较喜欢红光和绿光。     

Cryopreservation of strip spawned sperm using non‐programmable freezing technique in the blue mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis

In this study, a non‐programmable freezing technique has been developed with the strip spawned blue mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) sperm. The key parameters optimized including (1) cryoprotectant agents (CPAs); (2) cooling temperature; (3) thawing temperature; (4) sugar and amino acid supplementation and (5) sperm to egg ratio. The fertilization rate and/or integrity of plasma membrane and acrosome were used as sperm quality assessment indicators. The highest post‐thaw sperm fertilization rate of 95% was achieved, when sperm were cryopreservated in 8% dimethyl sulfoxide at 7.8 cm above the liquid nitrogen surface and thawed in a 60°C seawater bath. The addition of glucose, sucrose or trehalose in dimethyl sulfoxide did not, whereas 0.8% glycine did significantly improve the post‐thaw sperm fertilization rates. The fluorescent evaluation has demonstrated that the addition of glycine significantly improved the post‐thaw sperm acrosome integrity, revealing a positive role of glycine in the improvement of post‐thaw sperm quality in blue mussels.     

抽屉式生物滤器在漠斑牙鲆循环水养殖中的效果研究

采用自行设计的抽屉式生物滤器应用于漠斑牙鲆(Paralichthys lethostigma)闭合循环水养殖系统,研究其对循环养殖水的处理效果及漠斑牙鲆的增重和饲料利用率的影响。结果表明:经过60 d的循环水养殖,漠斑牙鲆从初始时的(225.4±11.9)g增加到结束时的(337.5±10.3)g,增重率49.97%;试验饲料系数1.06,养殖密度24.1 kg/m3,成活率100%;抽屉式生物滤器对于NH4+-N、NO2--N和COD去除率分别为(10.61±1.88)%、(14.90±3.06)%和(16.11±1.70)%,可满足漠斑牙鲆养殖水体的水质要求。     

黄糊精/秸秆纤维复合材料弯曲性能分

利用模压方法制备了黄糊精/秸秆纤维复合材料,并利用试验方法研究黄糊精/秸秆纤维复合材料的弯曲性能.研究结果表明:在试验条件下,通过对黄糊精/秸秆纤维复合材料弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量的极差分析发现最优组合相同,即热压温度A=170℃、热压压力B=9.8 MPa、热压时间C=20 min、黄糊精质量D=30 g,并对最优组合进行了试验验证,得出其弯曲强度为15.34 MPa,弯曲弹性模量为2 522.78 MPa.通过对复合材料的弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量的方差分析发现,热压时间是不显著因素,而热压压力是显著因素.     

牛肉新鲜度的电子鼻检测技

为了简单、快捷、准确地检测牛肉新鲜度,建立了电子鼻检测系统.根据牛肉产生的气味和传感器实验,合理地选用了气敏传感器阵列.为提高电子鼻传感器灵敏度,对购置的传感器进行了改进.利用生物嗅觉的研究成果,开发出仿生嗅觉鼻道结构.为了提高电子鼻系统小样本训练的识别率,提出了用支持向量机(SVM)算法识别牛肉新鲜度的方法.应用电子鼻系统对储藏7 d不同新鲜度的牛肉进行了识别实验,识别率达到99.25%.结果表明电子鼻检测牛肉新鲜度是可行的.     

基于Fluent的风洞典型风蚀地表风速廓线的模拟

利用计算流体动力学(CFD)软件Fluent对OFDY-1.2型可移动式风蚀风洞中模拟典型农田风蚀地表风速廓线进行数值模拟,通过改变棒栅、尖塔和粗糙元的尺寸、形状和位置,分别用软件和室内风洞实验模拟出了与野外实地测试廓线相吻合的风速廓线。同时,对野外实测、室内风洞模拟和软件数值模拟的风速廓线进行了离散程度分析。