甘蓝型杂交油菜直播密度与主花序角果数的相关性

为油菜机械直播适宜密度的确定及适应机械直播高密度条件的油菜品种选育提供科学参考,进行648个甘蓝型杂交油菜组合不同密度（22 463～46 036.55 株/667m2 8个密度设置）田间直播试验,研究油菜直播密度与主花序角果数的相关性,探明不同播种密度对油菜产量的影响。结果表明：单株角果数与主花序角果数在密度26 940 株/667m2时达最大值,在高密度条件（32 205 ～46 036 株/667m2。）随直播密度增加呈递减趋势;直播密度与主花序角果数的相关系数为-0.3785,呈极显著负相关（P＜0.01）;主花序角果数与主花序角果长度、角粒数、主花序长度、单株角果数和单株产量的相关系数分别为0.1168、0.156、0.7804、0.8198和0.7927,均呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01）。甘蓝型杂交油菜机械直播密度通过主花序角果数影响其他产量构成因子,进而影响油菜的单株产量。油菜机械直播适宜密度为26 940 株/667m2左右;甘蓝型杂交油菜尽可能选育主花序角果数多的材料,以弥补机械直播高密度条件造成主花序角果数减少的影响,适应油菜机械直播的轻简化发展方向。     

甘蓝型油菜千粒重与农艺及品质性状的相关性

为大籽粒高产优质油菜品种的选育提供理论依据,以649份甘蓝型杂交油菜组合和813份甘蓝型常规油菜品系为材料,调查试验材料的植株农艺性状表现,分析千粒重与植株农艺性状及品质性状的相关性。结果表明:甘蓝型油菜的角果长度随千粒重增加呈极显著增加趋势,但一次分枝数、单株角果数均极显著减少;甘蓝型常规油菜品系的千粒重与单株产量、收获系数呈极显著正相关,但杂交油菜组合的千粒重与单株产量、收获系数的相关性极小;与千粒重5g的相比,千粒重≥5g的甘蓝型油菜株高、有效分枝位、一次分枝数、单株角果数及角粒数等性状呈明显减小趋势,而角果长度增大。千粒重与含油率、油酸呈极显著正相关,但与硫苷、亚油酸、亚麻酸均呈极显著负相关,与蛋白质含量的相关性不显著。甘蓝型油菜育种需协调改良千粒重、角果数和角粒数等多个产量构成因子,才能有效提高油菜品种的单产水平;千粒重的提高对油脂和油酸含量无不利影响。     

杨树HSF家族基因生物信息学与胁迫应答表达分析

[目的]探究小黑杨热激转录因子HSF在应答高温和高盐胁迫时发挥的关键作用.保守结构域和顺式作用元件预测等对杨树HSF转录因子家族基因进行生物信息学分析.本研究以小黑杨为材料,经过37℃高温胁迫半个月后观察其形态变化;将小黑杨在37℃下分别处理0、12、24、48 h,采用RT-qPCR对小黑杨组织中的PsnHSFs基因...     

两系杂交水稻应用化学杂交剂保纯的研究 Ⅰ.“保纯灵”诱导光温敏核不育水稻雄性不育的效果

为了探讨化学杂交剂对光温敏核不育水稻雄性不育的影响效果,１９９３～１９９６年对光温敏核不育水稻衡农Ｓ－１和培矮６４Ｓ进行了化学杂交剂筛选和应用技术的研究．结果表明,湖南农业大学生化教研室研制的无毒化学杂交剂“保纯灵”在光温敏核不育水稻衡农Ｓ－１和培矮６４Ｓ可育状态下叶面喷施（适宜时期为花粉充实早期）,诱导雄性不育效果较好,辅助制种能明显提高杂种纯度,在衡农Ｓ－１和培矮６４Ｓ育性恢复、自交结实率２０％左右时,每６６６．７ｍ２分别用“保纯灵”１６０和２４０ｇ,对水２００ｋｇ叶面喷施１次,一般空壳率达９８％,杂种纯度９５％左右;Ｆ１杂交种子发芽率正常,秧苗生长旺盛;根芽比提高,细胞色素氧化酶、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性增强;“保纯灵”对水稻杀雄有效的剂量范围广,活性期长,处理后水稻开花集中,午前花比例提高,雌蕊柱头生活力正常．但处理后的水稻植株对赤霉素有轻度钝感,生育期延长２～３ｄ．     

油研10号高产栽培和常规栽培的产质量比较研究

通过对双低杂交油菜油研10号高产栽培和常规栽培对比试验,对产量、产油量、品质性状、经济效益和植株性状进行了比较研究。结果表明,高产栽培平均产量3 177.25 kg/hm2,平均产油量1 408.57 kg/hm2,比常规栽培平均增产37.96%和32.26%,增产均达极显著水平;高产栽培平均产值7 625.4元/hm2,比常规栽培平均增加2 098.2元/hm2,差异达极显著水平;高产栽培平均纯收益与常规栽培差异不显著;高产栽培平均含油量及平均油酸含量均降低,与常规栽培差异达显著水平;平均饼粕蛋白质含量增加,与常规栽培差异达极显著水平;其余的7个品质性状与常规栽培差异不显著。在高产栽培条件下双低杂交油菜油研10号获得高产的同时,品质和经济效益较好。     

甘蓝型优质杂交油菜产量与品质性状的相关分析（英文）

[目的]为了探明油菜产量与其品质性状的关系。[方法]以三北98和油研599为材料,采用正交旋转设计研究甘蓝型优质杂交油菜产量与品质性状的相关。[结果]结果表明：①三北98和油研599油菜品种产量对品质性状的影响均以芥酸含量的变异系数最大,但两个品种的芥酸含量均低于2%,且三北98为0.90%,油研599为1.24%;棕榈酸含量的变异系数最小。②不同产量水平下各品质性状的差异,三北98以廿碳烯酸的含量存在显著差异,油研599仅有种子蛋白质的含量存在极显著差异,而两个油菜品种各品质组合性状间均无显著差异。③产量与品质性状的相关,芥酸、含油率与产量呈负相关,种子蛋白质、亚油酸、亚麻酸含量与产量呈正相关,且硫苷、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、廿碳烯酸与产量的相关系数较小,饱和脂肪酸、脂蛋总量、不饱和指数、不饱和脂肪酸、18碳脂肪酸总量、不饱和脂肪酸总量与芥酸链脂肪酸总量之比、油酸与亚油酸之和与产量呈正相关,芥酸链脂肪酸总量与产量呈负相关。④同一品种产量大幅度增加时,芥酸和含油量、芥酸链脂肪酸总量呈降低趋势,而种子蛋白质、亚油酸、亚麻酸、饱和脂肪酸、脂蛋总量、不饱和指数、不饱和脂肪酸总量、18碳脂肪酸总量、不饱和脂肪酸总量与芥酸链脂肪酸总量之比、油酸与亚油酸之和呈升高趋势。⑤种子蛋白质含量增加,饼粕品质变优;不饱和指数增加,油的稳定性降低;不饱和脂肪酸总量、油酸与亚油酸之和总量增加,有利于人体吸收利用的脂肪酸总量增加。[结论]为优质杂交油菜的高产保优栽培提供了理论依据。     

衡阳市的气候条件和春大豆栽培

依据1975～1981年衡阳市的气象资料和春大豆亩产量资料,首先用正交多项式回归方法估计了趋势产量,然后用费希尔积分回归模式和逐步回归方法计算出了该市气候因子和离趋势产量间的积分回归公式。这样,就选出了影响春大豆产量的主要气候因子,同时求出了它们对春大豆产量的影响系数。研究表明春大豆产量显著地受每旬平均温度,旬     

北方玉米种子过冬越夏贮藏技术

种子贮藏是种子工作中的一个非常重要的环节,是保证种子质量,搞好种子生产营销的重要措施。对种子进行科学.安全的贮藏,能使种子在较长时间内保持活力,减少种子的损失,是农业丰产丰收的保证。我国北方玉米种子贮藏的突出问题是种子成熟后气温较低,又时遇秋雨,收获时水分较高,难晾晒,易受低温冻害,因此,如何安全过冬是北方玉米种子贮藏管理的重点。     

Effect of nitrogen application rate on content of glutenin macropolymer and high molecular weight glutenin subunits in grains of two winter wheat cultivars

Two winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars differing in grain protein content were selected to study the effect of N application rate on changes in contents of glutenin macropolymer (GMP) and high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) during grain filling. Contents of GMP and HMW-GS were much higher in the high GPC cultivar, Xuzhou 26, than those in low GPC cultivar, Ningmai 9. N increased contents of GMP and HMW-GS in Xuzhou 26 with N rate between 0 and 300 kg ha⁻¹, while at the very high N rate of 300 kg ha⁻¹ the contents of GMP and HMW-GS in Ningmai 9 decreased. The high contents of GMP and HMW-GS at maturity were closely related to the rapid increase in contents of GMP and HMW-GS during the initial period of their synthesis. HMW-GS and GMP content were closely correlated. The total HMW-GS content was important in determining GMP content than the content of any HMW-GS pair or any individual HMW-GS present in the selected cultivars. The pattern of response of GMP content to N application rate was closely related to the regulatory effect of N on HMW-GS synthesis.     

Effects of split nitrogen fertilization on post-anthesis photoassimilates,nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield in malting barley

Abstract

Split nitrogen applications are widely adopted to improve grain yield and enhance nitrogen use effective in crops. In a two-year field experiment at two eco-sites, five fractions of topdressed nitrogen of 0%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% were implemented. Responses of radiation interception and leaf photosynthesis after anthesis, dry matter accumulation and assimilates remobilization, nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield to fraction of topdressed nitrogen treatments were investigated in malting barley. Net photosynthetic rate of the penultimate leaf, leaf area index and light extinction coefficient increased with increasing fraction topdressed nitrogen from 0% to 30%, and then decreased from 30% to 50%. The putative gross maximum canopy photosynthesis was the highest for fraction of topdressed nitrogen of 30%, which was concomitant with the highest amount of post-anthesis accumulated assimilates. The remobilization of pre-anthesis stored assimilates from vegetative organs into grains was hardly significantly affected by fractions of topdressed nitrogen. Grain yield was the highest for fraction of topdressed nitrogen of 30%, which coincided with the highest plant nitrogen uptake and physiological and agronomic nitrogen use efficiencies. The enhanced nitrogen use efficiency was corresponding to the improved photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency in the leaves at fraction of topdressed nitrogen of 30%. In conclusion, appropriate fraction of topdressed nitrogen application on malting barley improved assimilation rate and nitrogen use efficiency resulting in higher grain yields and proper grain protein content in malting barley.