横轴流式玉米柔性脱粒装置设计与试验

针对黄淮海地区玉米籽粒直收过程中籽粒破碎率和未脱净率高的问题,结合现有玉米脱粒滚筒的结构特点,设计了横轴流式玉米柔性脱粒装置。该装置内置柔性脱粒滚筒,脱粒元件采用柔性钉齿和弹性短纹杆组合结构,实现了玉米果穗的柔性低损伤脱粒。研究了滚筒关键设计参数对脱粒性能的影响,建立了该脱粒滚筒关键结构参数的设计方法;利用ADAMS软件进行了动平衡模拟仿真,开展脱粒系统的动平衡试验,保证了整机工作的可靠性;选取滚筒转速、脱粒间隙和喂入量作为试验因素进行了室内台架正交试验,确定较优参数组合:喂入量为8 kg/s,滚筒转速为450 r/min,凹板间隙为40 mm。在该条件下,玉米果穗的籽粒破碎率为0. 65%,未脱净率为0. 59%,符合国家相关标准要求。     

农林类院校《测量学》课程思政教学改革与实践

为加强大学生的思想政治教育和提高课堂教学质量,以农林类院校专业课《测量学》为例构建专业课程思政体系,实施课程思政目标的有效教学路径,探索育才与育人相统一的教学模式,实现价值塑造、知识传授和能力培养的有机统一,可为其他专业课程思政教学改革与实践提供新思路与借鉴。      

气动柔性果蔬采摘机械手运动学分析与实验

采用气动弯曲型柔性驱动器设计了一种带有柔性机械臂的多自由度果蔬采摘机械手。基于分段常曲率理论,根据柔性驱动器形变规律,建立了多关节串并联的采摘机械手运动学模型和抓持力模型,研究了机械手采摘作业时抓取模式、工作空间和手指输出力与气压的关系,并进行了相关实验验证。制作了机械手样机,并在实验室环境下进行了多种果蔬模拟采摘实验,结果表明,该果蔬机械手具有多种抓取模式,且动作灵活、柔顺可靠、易于控制,适用于球形和圆柱形果蔬自动化采摘作业。     

半径间隙对水润滑轴承轴心轨迹的影响

为了研究海水淡化高压泵水润滑轴承半径间隙对转子系统稳定性的影响,设计了3种不同半径间隙的水润滑轴承,采用数值模拟和试验研究相结合的方法,对不同半径间隙时的干、湿转子轴心轨迹进行研究.结果表明:随着轴承半径间隙的增大,干转子的涡动中心明显向X,Y轴负方向漂移,而湿转子由于系统的阻尼增大涡动中心变化不明显;湿转子的涡动振幅明显大于干转子的;数值计算的结果与试验结果基本吻合,在轴承间隙较大时,干转子系统稳定性较差,半径间隙为0.1 mm时,润滑效果最好.研究结果为海水淡化高压泵水润滑轴承参数的优化设计提供必要的参考依据.     

基于水文水动力模型的浦阳江流域洪水情景模拟

浦阳江流域地形复杂,包括山丘、盆地和平原。中游诸暨盆地是人口主要聚集地,受上游山区洪水和下游钱塘江潮位顶托影响,洪涝灾害形势严峻。为解决上述问题,本文对流域上游山区采用新安江水文模型模拟降雨径流过程,对下游盆地区采用IFMS一、二维水动力模型模拟水流运动,并以水文模型的计算结果作为水动力模型的边界条件进行水文水动力模型耦合。结果表明水文水动力模型适用于浦阳江全流域洪水模拟,能够弥补新安江模型中马斯京根汇流无法考虑潮水顶托影响以及水动力模型难以响应降雨变化的不足。根据地区防洪特点设置致灾因子变化和水利工程建设两类情景进行洪水模拟,得到不同条件下浦阳江流域的洪水淹没水深分布,通过结果分析,总结得出浦阳江流域洪涝问题的解决对策和建议。     

Einfluss selektiver mechanischer Fruchtbehangsregulierung auf Ethylensynthese als Stressindikator sowie Ertrag und Fruchtqualität bei Kernobst

The overall objective of this work was to improve fruit quality, break alternate bearing and reduce hand thinning using fewer chemicals in fruit crops. A device was constructed for mechanical thinning, which consisted of three independent horizontal rotors with ropes and freely adjustable angles on a frame, mounted on a front three point hitch and powered by the tractor hydraulics. This can be adapted to any fruit tree trained as spindle, Solaxe, (tall) vertical axis or fruit wall (le mur fruitier) irrespective of rootstock employed. Rotor speed varied from 300 to 460?rpm at either 5 or 7.5?km/h tractor speed. Eight-year-old or twelve-old apple trees cvs. ‘Gala’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ were mechanically thinned in 2007 between pink bud and full bloom (flower bud stages 6–8 or F1–F2) near Bonn, Germany; non-thinned and hand-thinned apple trees of the same block and variety served as control. Mechanically thinned flowering branches showed a similar amount of ethylene efflux (0.4–0.6?ppm C₂H₄/branch) as non-thinned flower branches, preventing potentially unexpected subsequent fruit drop, except for those removed by the rotors. The impact of the horizontal rotors on the branches was from the upper side and removed excessive flowers right to the tree trunk viz. the centre of the tree canopy, where fruits of lesser quality are expected leaving 2–3 flowers per cluster. Leaf damage was less than??10%, even at the fast rotor speed of 420?rpm, which was associated with negligible wood injury. Mechanical thinning induced firmer and sweeter fruit, i.e. tastier apples with longer shelf life, relative to control fruit from non-thinned apple trees. The greatest efficacy in terms of final fruit quality in the grading/sorting was achieved by a rotor speed of 360?rpm at a tractor speed of 5?km/h: Fruit mass increased by up to 20?g and the proportion of fruit larger than 70–75?mm by 10–30% compared with the fruit from non-thinned trees. Mechanical thinning with this newly constructed device led to a 10–20% reduction in yield, but increased returns due to better fruit size and colouration in apple with the potential to overcome alternate bearing.     

切花非洲菊多倍体诱变初报

 以非洲菊‘阳光海岸’和‘白马王子’ (2n=2x=50) 品种为供试材料, 采用秋水仙素对其组培丛生芽进行离体诱导, 成功获得了四倍体植株。秋水仙素处理浓度和处理时间分别为0.02%、0.05%、0.10%和24、36、48 h。试验结果表明, 以0.10%的秋水仙素处理48 h诱导效果最佳, ‘阳光海岸’和‘白马王子’的丛生芽变异率分别为16%和10%。总体上看, 非洲菊对秋水仙素的敏感性较低。经气孔鉴定、染色体计数和形态学观察, 变异材料染色体数加倍(2n=4x=100) 。与二倍体相比, 变异材料气孔面积增大, 花序变大, 叶色变深, 叶尖变钝圆, 叶片质感变厚, 花梗直径变粗, 花梗基部花青素着色变深。最终分别获得稳定的‘阳光海岸’和‘白马王子’多倍体植株200余株和300余株。     

切花月季Rh-DREB1基因的克隆及其在乙烯和失水胁迫下的表达

以切花月季Rosa hybrida 'Samantha'为试材,通过简并引物和RACE方法从花瓣中获得了两个逆境诱导转录因子DREB家族基因全长.推定的氨基酸序列分析表明,这两个基因都具有DREB1转录因子的典型特征,因而分别命名为Rh-DREB1A和Rh-DREBIB,GenBank登录号分别为EU784069和EU784070.Rh-DREB1A和Rh-DREB1B分别包含一个编码222和231个氨基酸序列的开放阅读框.半定量RT-PCR分析结果表明,Rh-DREB1A和Rh-DREB1B在月季花瓣中能够被失水胁迫强烈诱导,但是不受乙烯诱导.由所得结果推测,这两个转录因子参与了失水胁迫诱导的信号转导途径.     

辣椒根系分泌物的化感作用及其化感物质分析

 利用生物测定和GC-MS分析的方法,研究了辣椒根系分泌物各组分的化感作用及其优势组分的化感物质。结果表明：辣椒根系分泌物各组分对莴苣的化感作用不同,以乙醚洗脱组分的化感作用最强;对乙醚洗脱组分进行再分离,最后得出80%乙醚＋20％乙酸乙酯洗脱组分的化感作用最强;对80%乙醚＋20％乙酸乙酯洗脱组分进行GC-MS分析鉴定,确定辣椒根系分泌的主要化感物质为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸-丁基-环己烷基酯、邻苯二甲酸-丁基-异丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二叔丁酯、二苯胺、4,4’-叔丁基二苯酚、苯萘胺、邻苯二甲酸,其中,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的含量最高。     

Role of A3 adenosine receptor on vascular reactivity of superior mesenteric artery in hemorrhagic shock in rat

AIM: To explore whether A3 adenosine receptor plays a role in the modulation of vascular reactivity after hemorrhagic shock in rat, and to find out the prospective drug target to restore the decreased vascular reactivity following hemorrhagic shock. METHODS: The hemorrhagic shock (40 mmHg) model was established in rat, and the reactivity of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) to norepinephrine (NE) was observed. A3AR expression at protein level and mRNA level were measured by Western blotting and RT-PCR respectively. RESULTS: The vascular reactivity of SMA to NE after hemorrhagic shock (40 mmHg) was decreased significantly in a biphasic response manner. The expression of A3AR mRNA in SMA after hemorrhagic shock decreased without significant difference. The expression of A3AR protein has a slight increase without statistical difference after 30 min of hemorrhagic shock and then has a significant decrease (especially at 2 h and 4 h after hemorrhagic shock). The usage of IB-MECA, a selective A3AR agonist, significantly increased the responsiveness of SMA to NE in hemorrhagic shock in rat. MRS1523, the selective A3AR antagonist, significantly abolished the restoration of the vascular reactivity to NE by IB-MECA in hemorrhagic shock in rat. CONCLUSION: A3AR plays a role in the modulation of vascular responsiveness to NE in hemorrhagic shock in rat, and the selective agonist of A3AR could restore the reactivity of SMA to NE in hemorrhagic shock in rat.