湖南省芷江侗族自治县乡村兽医现状及发展探讨

乡村兽医是经登记在乡村从事动物诊疗服务活动的人员。近年来,基层动物疫病增多,疫情较为复杂,影响了畜牧业健康、有序的发展,因此,建立一支专业技术强、诊疗水平高的乡村兽医队伍显得尤为重要。为了适应执业兽医体制和乡村兽医改革,通过调查芷江侗族自治县的畜牧业产业结构,乡村兽医人员学历结构、专业技能水平、继续教育现状、经济收入来源等信息,发现乡村兽医存在一些较突出的问题,并就其现状及发展进行了探讨。     

水产动物诱食剂的研究进展

在水产养殖中 ,很多饲料投放后未被动物采食就沉入了水底 ,不但浪费了饲料 ,而且还污染了水质和提高了饲料成本 ,而水产动物诱食剂可以缓解这些问题。     

奶酪风味的研究进展

综述了奶酪风味的研究进展,对奶酪的风味物质以及风味物质的提取与分析方法作了重点概述.     

小肽营养素对奶牛泌乳性能的影响

试验选择泌乳期中国荷斯坦奶牛32头,随机分为4组,A组(对照组)为基础精料日粮组;B、C、D组分别为基础精料日粮 0.1%、0.3%、0.5%小肽营养素。正试期28d。结果表明,添加0.1%、0.3%、0.5%小肽营养素后,奶牛头日平均产奶量分别提高1.67kg(6.38%)(P<0.05)、1.75kg(6.69%)(P<0.05)和1.64kg(6.27%)(P<0.05)。添加小肽营养素后,乳蛋白和乳脂率均有所提高,其趋势随小肽营养素添加量的增加而提高。添加0.1%、0.3%、0.5%小肽营养素后,奶牛头日净增效益3.52元、3.40元、2.86元。综合生产性能和经济效益,以添加0.1%-0.3%小肽营养素为适宜。     

Pyruvate kinase is necessary for Brucella abortus full virulence in BALB/c mouse

Brucellosis, caused by a facultative intracellular pathogen Brucella, is one of the most prevalent zoonosis worldwide. Host infection relies on several uncanonical virulence factors. A recent research hotpot is the links between carbon metabolism and bacterial virulence. In this study, we found that a carbon metabolism-related pyruvate kinase (Pyk) encoded by pyk gene (locus tag BAB_RS24320) was associated with Brucella virulence. Determination of bacterial growth curves and resistance to environmental stress factors showed that Pyk plays an important role in B. abortus growth, especially under the conditions of nutrition deprivation, and resistance to oxidative stress. Additionally, cell infection assay showed that Pyk is necessary for B. abortus survival and evading fusion with lysosomes within RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, animal experiments exhibited that the Pyk deletion significantly reduced B. abortus virulence in a mouse infection model. Our results elucidated the role of the Pyk in B. abortus virulence and provided information for further investigation of Brucella virulence associated carbon metabolism.     

Comparative analysis of proteomic profiles between endometrial caruncular and intercaruncular areas in ewes during the peri-implantation period

The endometrium of sheep consists of plenty of raised intercaruncular areas （IC）. In order to better understand aglandular areas called caruncular （C）, and intensely glandular the endometrium involved mechanisms of implantation, we used LC-MS/MS technique to profile the proteome of ovine endometrial C areas and IC areas separately during the peri-implantation period, and then compared the proteomic profiles between these two areas. We successfully detected 1740 and 1813 proteins in C areas and IC areas respectively. By comparing the proteome of these two areas, we found 170 differentially expressed proteins （DEPs） （P 〈 0.05）, functional bioinformatics analysis showed these DEPs were mainly involved in growth and remodeling of endometrial tissue, cell adhesion and protein transport, and so on Our study, for the first time, provided a proteomic reference for elucidating the differences between C and IC areas, as an integrated function unit respectively, during the peri-implantation period. The results could help us to better understand the implantation in the ewes. In addition, we established a relatively detailed protein database of ovine endometrium, which provide a unique reference for further studies.     

Effects of steam-treated rice straw feeding on growth,digestibility, and plasma volatile fatty acids of goats under different housing systems

In order to use rice straw as forage in livestock feeding, the effects of steam-treated rice straw (at 15.5 kgf/cm² for 120 s) feeding on growth performance, plasma volatile fatty acid profile, and nutrient digestibility of goats were determined. Twenty male goats (18.69?±?0.34 kg) were used in an 84-day trial. The goats were divided into four groups of five goats each to receive steam-treated (STRS) or untreated (UTRS) rice straw diet under closed house (CH) and open house (OH) systems. The results revealed that the goats fed with STRS had significantly higher dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility; similarly, the average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio were higher for STRS groups under both CH and OH systems than those for UTRS. The plasma protein and insulin in STRS and cholesterol in UTRS groups was higher (P?P?>?0.05) at 30 days. The plasma amylase, lipase, T₃, T₄ and glucagon at 30 and 60 days were not different (P?>?0.05) among the groups. The plasma acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total volatile fatty acid were higher (P?P?>?0.05) on these parameters. It could be concluded that steam treatment of rice straw at 15.5 kgf/cm² for 120 s increased apparent nutrient digestibility, hence increased the growth and feed efficiency of growing goats.     

猪卵泡液抑制素的分离及其生物活性和免疫活性研究

利用ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－２００和ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１００二次层析分馏,以标准猪抑制素蛋白和抑制素α－亚单位作参照,结合紫外扫描,分离猪卵泡液抑制素,并测定各组分对ＨＣＧ诱导的小白鼠生殖器官发育及输卵管水肿抑制的影响和对补体溶血活性的抑制效果,证明可以分离得到生物活性和免疫活性较高的抑制素蛋白组分,其方法较简便,可用于猪卵泡液抑制素的一般制备。     

内蒙古呼伦贝尔地区羊源多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜血清群分子流行病学调查

近年来,羊多杀性巴氏杆菌病在内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市时有发生。为了解呼伦贝尔市羊源多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜血清型流行状况,通过建立多杀性巴氏杆菌分子生物学诊断方法,以羊病变组织为研究对象,对呼伦贝尔市羊源多杀性巴氏杆菌,进行荚膜血清群分子流行病学调查,同时应用K-B纸片琼脂扩散法,对分离菌株进行药物敏感性试验,以找到针对本地区流行株的敏感药物。结果显示:从采集的35份病羊肺组织病料中,分离出12株B群、9株D群多杀性巴氏杆菌,未分离出其他血清群;分离菌株对青霉素、链霉素耐药率最高,对氯霉素、四环素、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星敏感。结果表明,呼伦贝尔市流行的羊源多杀性巴氏杆菌以B群、D群为主,且分离菌株对青霉素、链霉素产生了较高的耐药性,需指导和监管抗菌药物的合理使用。本研究查清了本地区流行的优势多杀性巴氏杆菌血清群,找到了针对性敏感药物,这为该市羊巴氏杆菌病防控提供了有效的技术支撑,也对多杀性巴氏杆菌病流行病学监测和基因多样性研究奠定了基础。     

农村养蚕小窍门

笔者已多年从事蚕桑生产,深入蚕户,积累了许多有用的经验,供广大蚕农借鉴。1“防尘口罩”的制作很多蚕农都知道,杀灭病原,严防蚕病发生,关键是消毒严格、彻底。但在蚕体蚕座使用防僵粉或鲜石灰粉时,灰尘很大,气味刺鼻,所以常常草草了事。要使药物撒周到,很简单,就是把平常用的口罩用水打湿后再用,粉粒就会粘附在口罩上,并且气味也减小了。2经济、实用的熟蚕自动上蔟登蔟剂现有很多蚕农推广熟蚕自动上蔟,这样可以节省劳力和时间。目前农村养蚕用于熟蚕自动上蔟的登蔟剂最常用的有两种,即樟脑丸和鲜腥草(俗名侧耳根),它们都有一种特殊的气味,…