家鸡(Gallus domesticus)和鹌鹑(Coturnix coturnix)染色体核型及G带比较分析

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养法和胰酶处理法，对家鸡和鹌鹑染色体的核型和G带进行了研究。结果表明，家鸡和鹌鹑染色体数目均为2n=78，但染色体的形态存在明显差异，主要表现在NO．1、NO．4、NO．6、NO．8和Z染色体上。NO．1染色体，家鸡为m型，而鹌鹑为sm型；NO．4、NO．6、NO．8和Z染色体，家鸡分别为sm、sm、m、m型，而鹌鹑全为t型。G带分析结果显示，家鸡和鹌鹑的G带差异主要反映在NO．1、NO．2染色体上，这可能是由于臂间倒位所致。     

胸腺素α_1对墟岗黄鸡免疫器官组织学结构的影响

本试验研究了不同剂量的胸腺素α1(Tα1)对墟岗黄母鸡免疫器官指数和组织学结构的影响。结果表明:0.015mg/kg体重剂量的Tα1可显著提高鸡免疫器官指数,可使胸腺皮质增宽,髓质胸腺小体数和胸腺细胞数增加;脾脏胸腺依赖区和法氏囊依赖区细胞增殖;高剂量Tα1则引起法氏囊髓质局部细胞变性和坏死。     

塔里木河生态环境演变及整治途径

在以农业为主的生产方式下 ,塔里木河生态环境演变是绿洲与沙漠同时扩大 ,而处于两者之间的自然林地、草地、野生动物栖息地和自然水域不断缩小 ,也即荒漠与绿洲之间过渡带缩小 ,这主要是由于人类活动改变了区域水量平衡、水盐平衡和生态平衡造成。塔里木河整治应实行治理上游、改造中游、拯救下游 ;合理利用水资源 ,使上、中、下游相对平衡 ;保护自然植被使下游绿色走廊得以恢复     

水产饲料环保特性评价体系的初步构建

利用筛绢吊篓、烧杯、水浴锅等,于实验室内模拟水产养殖生产条件,分别测定了20℃和30℃水温下豆粕、鱼粉入水后的干物质溶失率、粗蛋白溶失量以及水质化学耗氧量、氨氮含量,对这两种蛋白饲料原料的环保特性进行了比较和评估,进而以设备条件、测定方法、测定指标等为主要内容,初步构建了水产饲料环保特性的评价体系。     

The Effect of Gender on Slaughtering Performance and Meat Quality in Sunite Sheep

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of gender on the slaughter performance and meat quality of Sunite sheep.Twelve 6-month-old Sunite rams and ewes at the same body condition were selected from the grazing herds of the Sunite Zuoqi Improvement Station Breeding Farm to determine their slaughter performance and meat quality.The slaughter test results showed that the bone quality and bone-meat ratio of the rams were significantly higher than that of the ewes (P<0.05),and the net meat quality and net meat rate of the ewes were significantly higher than that of the rams (P<0.05).The results of meat quality traits showed that the drip loss of ewes were significantly lower than that of rams (P<0.05),and the other indicators were not significantly different (P>0.05).The results of conventional nutrient composition of muscles showed that the intramuscular moisture content of the rams were significantly higher than that of the ewes (P<0.05),and the intramuscular fat content of the ewes were significantly higher than that of the rams (P<0.05),while the other indicators were not significantly different (P>0.05).The results of amino acid determination showed that the essential amino acid ratio in muscle of sunite ewes were significantly higher than that of rams (P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the rams and ewes that formed the precursor amino acid content of meat flavor (P>0.05).Fatty acid measurement results showed that the saturated fatty acid ratio in the subcutaneous fat of rams was significantly lower than that of ewes (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the ratio of saturated fatty acids in muscle fat and tail fat (P>0.05);The ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids in ewes tail fat was significantly higher than that of rams (P<0.05).The ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids in subcutaneous fat and intermuscular fat was not significantly different between rams and ewes (P>0.05).The ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids in intermuscular fat of rams was significantly higher than that of ewes (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in subcutaneous fat and tail fat (P>0.05).In summary,it showed that gender had a certain influence on the slaughter performance and meat quality of 6-month-old Sunite sheep.     

Influence of APP17 peptide on the learning,memory in SAMP10 mi ce and oxidative stress in mouse mitochondria in hippocampal neurons

AIM:To observe the influence of APP17-mer peptide on the learning and memory,and oxidative stress in mitochondria in hipp ocampal neurons of senescence accelerated mouse/prone 10 (SAMP10).METHODS:The 4-month-old SAMP 10s were randomly divided into mod el group and APP17-mer peptide group (the model group+APP17-mer peptide).The se nescence accelerated mouse/resistance1 (SAMR1) were used for normal control.The APP17-mer peptide group was injected with APP17-mer peptide subcutaneously in a dose of 0.34 μg/per mouse,three times a week;while the model group and the control group were injected with saline.After 28 weeks,water maze test was use d to evaluate the learning and memory of these mice.Then hydroxy lamine reactio n and thiobarbituric acid reaction were used to assay the activity of superoxid e dismutase (SOD) and contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in mitochondria in hippo campal neurons,respectively.RESULTS:(1) The water maze test showed that the full-course swi mming time and numbers of error committed in model group were significantly incr eased as compared with the normal control (P<0.05).The results in APP17-me r peptide treated group were the same as that in normal control group.(2) Compa red with the normal control,the activity of SOD decreased in model group (P <0.01),and the contents of MDA increased (P<0.01).APP17-mer partially re versed the increase in MDA and the decrease in SOD.The content of MDA was lower and the activity of SOD was higher in APP17-mer peptide group than those in mod el group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The learning and memory deficit in SAMP10 are observ ed,and the balance of free radical generation/free radical scavenger is impai red.APP17-mer peptide has an antioxidant character and corrects the abnormal ch ange of SOD and MDA,which may be related to its protective effect of learning and memory.     

Physiological and pathological effects of body position changes on experimental acute lung injury in rabbits

AIM: To study the effects of body position on the physiological and pathological changes in an oleic acid-induced acute lung injury (ALI) model. METHODS: One control group and three experimental groups were set up in which the rabbits were put on supine, prone and rotation, respectively. The changes of blood pressure, heart rate and partial pressure of arterial oxygen, lung mechanics, cytokines in the course of experiment and pathologic changes were observed. RESULTS: At the end of experiment, heart rate in rotated rabbits was lower than that in prone rabbits ［(176.13±26.55) beats/min vs (217.75±14.44) beats/min, P<0.05］. Partial pressure of arterial oxygen and lung compliance in prone and rotated rabbits were higher than that in supine rabbits ［(157.75±51.19) mmHg and (166.08±37.07) mmHg vs (86.59±23.82) mmHg, (2.75±0.89) mL/cmH2O and (2.63±0.74) mL/cmH2O vs (1.63±0.52) mL/cmH2O, respectively, P<0.05］, but intrapulmonary shunt was just up side down. Airway peak inspiration pressure in rotated rabbits was higher than that in prone group rabbits, ［(19.63±2.45) cmH2O vs (16.00±2.27) cmH2O, P<0.05］. TNF-α in supine and rotated rabbits was higher than that in control rabbits, ［(3.12±0.83 and 2.59±0.79) μg/L vs (1.36±0.34) μg/L］, but it was not the case in prone rabbits. Partial pressure of arterial oxygen was positive correlation to lung compliance and negative correlation to intrapulmonary shunt. Dorsal lung edema was more severe than ventral in group 2, ventral lung edema was more severe than dorsal in group 3 and lung edema was diffused in group 4. CONCLUSIONS: Prone and rotation positions increased lung compliance and decreased intrapulmonary shunt accompanied with oxygenation improvement in ALI model, but prone was safer than rotation position, the former can inhibit the secretion of TNF-α. The distribution of lung edema changed with body position changes.     

山东省农药械使用现状、存在问题及"十一五"应对措施

“十五”期间,各地都十分重视农产品农药残留问题,大力发展无公害农产品,建立无公害农产品生产基地,建设示范园区,引导农民安全使用农药。山东省自20世纪90年代起开展了“二减一保”工程。当前省政府又投资开展“绿卡”行动计划,通过项目的实施以及各级植保部门的大量试验,筛选出适合不同作物防治病、虫、杂草的安全有效的农药品种,并已初见成效。但是,其中的施药环节,包括施药技术和施药器械,由于长期以来未受到应有的重视,广大农民了解不够深入,虽然引进推广了大量的新型器械和施药技术,但由于受到当前许多客观因素的制约,施药技术的提高…     

香蕉A基因组品种间遗传关系的SSR检测

应用SSR技术,对32个香蕉A基因组类型品种(系)的遗传关系进行了检测。40对SSR引物在32个品种(系)中分别扩增带数在3～15个,平均每个SSR座位可检测2.99个多态性带;引物的多态信息量(PIC)在0.00～0.88,平均0.62。依据SSR数据计算的品种间遗传距离在0.00%～34.27%,平均12.45%,大多数品种间的遗传变异非常有限,但也存在着遗传差异突出的品种:FHIA25、Yangambi KM5、Pisang Jari Buaya、Rose和皇帝蕉。依据26%的遗传距离,除了FHIA25和Pisang Jari Buaya单独化成1组外,其它30个品种可以分为2组:品种间遗传差异相对较高的组I和品种间遗传差异相对较低的组Ⅱ。Williams与引进的洪都拉斯3号、M931之间,洪都拉斯1号和洪都拉斯2号之间,高脚青芽蕉和高脚顿地雷分别没有区分开来,这可能是同物异名,也可能是同一品种未能分辨的突变体。     

Effects of PDS on rat brain cortical nuclear factor kappa B in LPS shock

AIM:To explore the molecular mechanism of brain tissue injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS),the effects of panaxadiol (PDS) on the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in cerebral cortex of rat with LPS shock were studied. METHODS:Rats were randomly divided into LPS roup,LPS+dexamethasone group,LPS+PDS group and control group. The DNA binding activity and protein expression of NF-κB were observed. These indices were assayed at 1 h and 4 h after intravenous injection of LPS (4 mg·kg^-1). RESULTS:EMSA showed that PDS inhibited NF-κB DNA-binding activity in nuclear extracts at both 1 h and 4 h after LPS injection,compared with the LPS group (P<0.01). Western blotting showed that PDS down-regulated the expression of p65 and p50 protein in the nuclear extracts compared with the LPS group. However,the expression of p65 and p50 protein from cytosolic extracts did not show any significant change. CONCLUSION:PDS may alleviate brain injury by inhibiting NF-κB activation.