Basis and monitoring of methoxyfenozide resistance in the South American tomato pinworm Tuta absoluta

The South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is heavily targeted by insecticide applications. Methoxyfenozide is highly effective against T. absoluta with reduced side effects to natural enemies. This work aimed to (1) genetically and biochemically characterize resistance of the T. absoluta GBN population to methoxyfenozide, (2) establish cross resistance profiles with other insecticide groups and (3) monitor resistance in populations with the goal of improving T. absoluta insecticide resistance management (IRM). Methoxyfenozide resistance was completely recessive, polyfactorial and autosomal. Effective dominance revealed that 10 mg methoxyfenozide/L would be enough to eliminate susceptible homozygotes and heterozygotes, thus used to diagnose resistance in field populations. The synergism of methoxyfenozide toxicity in the resistant population for PBO (SR?=?95×), DEF (SR?=?51×) and DEM (SR?=?45×), suggested monooxygenases, esterases and glutathione S-transferases as resistance mechanisms. However, only monooxygenase activity appeared to be involved in methoxyfenozide resistance. Resistance ratio for methoxyfenozide (2352-fold) after selection and cross-resistance ratios of a lab-selected GBN strain (“GBN-Sel”) were significant relative to a susceptible strain “JDR1-Sus” for tebufenozide (656-fold), cartap hydrochloride (10.68-fold), deltamethrin (4.70-fold), abamectin (2.65-fold), lufenuron (2.22-fold) and indoxacarb (1.92-fold), with negative cross-resistance to spinetoram (0.32-fold). Evidence of control failures was observed in 10 field populations of T. absoluta (mortalities between 13 and 76%), and all populations showed frequencies of resistant phenotypes (percentage survivorship ranging between 4 and 96%). A rational basis for managing resistance to bisacylhydrazines is discussed, along with details of recommended T. absoluta resistance management tactics.

     

The consensus oligonucleotide competitive binding with NF-κB inhibits TNF production

AIM:To investigate whether a consensus oligonucleotide, which contains nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB) binding site, decreases TNF production stimulated by lipopolysaccharide(LPS).METHODS:The thiophosphoric acid modified oligonucleotides were transferred into rat peritoneal macrophages directly, TNF content in LPS-stimulated cell culture supernatant was determined by ELISA.RESULTS:Adding the consensus oligonucleotides with NF-κB binding site into macrophages markedly decreased TNF production following LPS stimulation.CONCLUSION:These results show that use of the consensus oligonucleotides with NF-κB binding site, which can combine with NF-κB, can block or decrease TNF production induced by LPS in macrophages.     

Comparative Growth of Diploid and Triploid Asian Catfish Clarias macrocephalus in Thailand

Wild caught Asian catfish were spawned manually following HCG injection, and a portion of the eggs were subjected to cold-shock at 4 C for 15 min within 2-min post-fertilization. Nuclear diameter measurements of cold-shocked fish revealed that 96% were triploids (3N), while non-shocked fish were all diploids (2N). During larval and fry culture (first 26 d), triploid fish mortality was =50%, while diploid mortality was =25%. Following 8-mo culture in tanks at three stocking densities, triploid fish survival was significantly greater ( P < 0.05), than diploids, with 84.0% and 57.3%, respectively. Triploid live weight was also significantly greater than diploids, with 69.2 and 45.9 g averages, respectively. Ninety-two percent of diploids had welldeveloped gonads after 8 mo; whereas none of the triploids had mature gonads. Gonads were undifferentiated with 31% of the triploids. These sexually undifferentiated fish had greater growth rates than male or female triploids, and greater growth than all diploids. Carcass weight (gutted) of triploids was 95.8% of live weight, compared with 92.5% for diploids. Lastly, triploids had very few deformities compared with diploids, with 1.3% and 17.6%, respectively. Deformities included curved spines, and humped backs just posterior of the head.     

吉林省农村居民消费结构的研究

我国是农业大国,农业更是吉林省的主要产业,要保持吉林省经济的健康持续快速发展,对农村市场的开拓是非常有必要的。农村居民的消费结构能够充分的反映经济水平的状况,农村经济健康发展,离不开健康科学的消费方式。本文从吉林省农村居民消费方式的特点展开,研究影响农村健康消费的相关因素,并提出有效的对策措施,扩大农村居民消费,加快推进吉林省新农村建设进程。     

共表达O型FMDV衣壳蛋白和绿色荧光蛋白重组腺病毒的构建

为构建表达O型口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)的P12A3C基因及GFP基因的重组腺病毒rAdV-P12aEGFP2a3C,本研究以FMDV的2A基因序列为Linker,将报告基因EGFP插入FMDV的P12A与3C之间。重组腺病毒感染HEK-293细胞后可以观察到绿色荧光,表明EGFP蛋白获得表达。应用FMDV的VP2单克隆抗体4B2对重组病毒感染细胞进行western blot检测,反应条带与FMDV衣壳蛋白VP0和VP3的分子量大小相符,表明FMDV的完整衣壳蛋白和3C蛋白酶也均获得表达,而且EGFP的插入并未影响P1蛋白的表达和3C蛋白酶对P1的正确切割。重组腺病毒的生长特性分析表明,EGFP的插入也未影响该重组腺病毒的增殖特性。上述研究结果显示,表达FMDV衣壳蛋白P12A3C的重组腺病毒可以作为载体,以2A蛋白作为Linker表达一个小分子蛋白,为改进以腺病毒为载体的口蹄疫基因工程疫苗提供了新思路。     

Discussion on bovine leptospiral abortion

Extract

The outbreak to be described occurred in the autumn of 1957 in a mob of 18-month-old wether hoggets. The property concerned was situated in the Wairarapa close to Masterton, and consisted of light stony soil with pastures that were poor and largely run out. The hoggets had been purchased 9 months previously and had been grazed on the property throughout this time.     

An indirect haemagglutination test for the detection of Vibrio fetus antibodies

Abstract

Extract

Indirect bacterial haemagglutination was first reported by Keogh et al. (1947 Keogh, E. V., North, E. A. and Warburton, M. F. 1947. Nature (Lond.), 160: 63–63.  [Google Scholar]). It depends on the adsorption of bacterial antigens to the surface of red blood cells rendering them agglutinable in the presence of homologous bacterial antibody. A comprehensive review by Neter (1956 Neter, E. 1956. Bact. Rev., 20: 166–166.  [Google Scholar]) summarizes the methods used and results achieved with various bacterial antigens. Biberstein (1955 Biberstein, E. L. 1955. Cornell Vet., 46: 144–144.  [Google Scholar]) used an adaption of Neter's method of antigen preparation in studying the antigenic relationships of Vibrio species. The objects of the present studywere to determine whether an erythrocyte adsorbable antigen could be obtained from Vibrio fetus, to compare its sensitivity with a formalinized bacterial antigen, and to study its application to the detection of antibodies in bovine vaginal mucus. The work will be described in two sections, the first dealing with the preparation and properties of sheep red cells modified with material derived :from V. fetus, and the second with the detection of antibodies in bovine vaginal mucus.     

水氮运筹对化学封顶棉花二次生长的影响

【目的】研究水氮运筹对化学封顶棉花二次生长形态及发生规律,优化水肥调控结合化学封顶技术,有效控制棉花二次生长,为塑造棉花株型、调控采收的吐絮时间奠定理论与技术基础。【方法】以新陆早57号为试验材料,采用裂区试验设计,主区为施氮(纯 N)量,设3个施氮(纯 N)水平:N1、N2、N3分别为150、300、450 kg/hm²,副区为灌溉量,设3个灌水水平:W1、W2、W3分别为3 000 、4 500、6 000 m³/hm²。分析水氮处理对化学封顶棉花二次生长前后农艺性状、干物质积累及产量和纤维品质的影响。【结果】灌水量增加延长棉花生育期,增加棉花植株株高、果枝数、二次生长率;施氮量(是)控制棉花干物质和产量形成因素。灌水处理为4 500和6 000 m³/hm²时,化学封顶棉花株高和果枝台数较高,易发生二次生长;施氮量在300 kg/hm²时,产量及其构成均高于其他。水氮处理组合以处理N2W2、N2W3表现较优,产量分别为6 349.21、6 203.54 kg/hm²。【结论】对化学打顶棉花,适当水氮运筹可控制棉花二次生长现象,且对棉花产量及品质无显著影响。     

基于大数据视域下农业科研院所行政管理体系的改革探究

在现代化的农业科研院所行政管理体系中,融入信息化、便捷化、数字化的大数据理念,可使该体系能够提供更全面、更细致的管理服务,提高行政管理的精准性和管理效率。文章阐述了大数据可助推农业科研院所行政管理体系多元共治的结构创新、有助于优化农业科研院所行政管理体系中的资源配置机制,分析了大数据时代背景下农业科研院所行政管理的现状,从思想观念、管理方式、人事制度、财务体系、行政服务等角度,探讨基于大数据视域下的农业科研院所行政管理体系创新途径。