Breeding record analysis in pig herds and its veterinary applications--2: Experiences with a large commercial unit.

A computer program was used to analyse data from a large commercial pig unit over two years to assess reproductive efficiency and the efficiency of weaner production. Monthly inspections of the farm and quarterly post mortem examinations of all dead pigs provided further information. The effects of controlled changes in management on production were assessed. Overall the number of piglets reared per sow per year was increased from 15-1 to 17-2 and the eight-week weights improved from a mean of 10-3 kg to 15-0 kg during the two year-study period.     

Liveweight performance of crossbred and zebu cattle grazing on native or rhodes grass pastures

Summary Two experiments are described involving 33 crossbred (mainly Simmental and Jersey × Zebu) and 33 Zebu (Horro and Boran) bulls and steers. In experiment I, growth rates of crossbred and Zebu cattle rotationally grazed on either native pasture or Rhodes grass(Chloris gayana) were compared during a 140 day grazing period at a stocking rate of 2.4 animals/ha. In experiment II, growth rate of cattle rotationally grazed for 140 days on native pasture was compared with that of a similar group grazed on Rhodes grass either rotationally or continuously at a stocking rate of seven animals/ha.On native pasture the average daily gain by Zebu animals was similar to that of the crossbreds whilst on Rhodes grass liveweight gain of Zebu animals was lower than that of the crossbreds. Daily gains of cattle were significantly (P<0.01) greater on continuous compared with rotationally grazed Rhodes grass.

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Rendimiento En Peso De Bovinos Cruzados Y Cebu En Pradera Nativa Y Pasto Rhodes

Resumen Se describen dos experimentos; el primero con 33 animales cruzados (Simmental y Jersey × Cebú) y el segundo con 33 Cebú (Horro y Boran) toros y novillos. En el experimento I, se compararon las ratas de crecimiento del ganado cruzado y del Cebú en pastoreo rotacional en pradera nativa o pasto Rhodes (Chloris gayana), durante 140 días, con una carga animal de 2.4 animales por hectárea. En el experimento II, se comparó la rata de crecimiento de un grupo de ganado en pastoreo rotacional en pradera nativa durante 140 días, con aquella de un grupo similar en pasto Rhodes con pastoreo rotacional o continuo, con una carga animal de siete por hectárea. En pradera nativa, el promedio de ganacia diaria de los animales Cebú fue similar a aquel del grupo de animales cruzados, mientras que en pasto Rhodes la ganancia de peso de los animales Cebú fue más baja que aquella de los animales cruzados. Las ganancias diarias de peso de los animales fueron significativamente (P<0.01) mayores en pastoreo contínuo, comparado con el pastoreo rotacional en pasto Rhodes.

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Performances Ponderales De Zebus Et De Metis Zebus Entretenus Sur Des Paturages Naturels Et Das Paturages D'Herbe De Rhodes

Résumé Deux expériences utilisant 33 métis (principalement Simmental et Jersey x Zébu) et 33 zébus (Horro et Boran), taureaux et bouvillons sont décrites.Dans la première, les gains de poids des métis et des zébus entretenus à raison de 2,4 animal à l'hectate par rotation, soit sur des pâturages naturels ou sur de l'herbe de Rhodes ont été comparés durant 140 jours.Dans la seconde expérience, le taux d'accroissement pondéral du bétail entretenu, par rotations des pâturages, pendant 140 jours sur des pâturages naturels a été comparé avec celui d'un groupe identique d'animaux entretenus sur de l'herbe de Rhodes soit par rotation, soit de façon permanente à raison de 7 têtes à l'hectare sur les pâturages naturels; le gain journalier de poids par zébu a été semblable à celui des métis tandis que le gain de poids des zébus entretenus sur de l'herbe de Rhodes a été inférieur à celui des métis. Les gains journaliers de poids ont été significativement (P<0,01) plus élevés chez les animaux en pacage permanent comparés avec ceux obtenus par la rotation des pâturages d'herbe de Rhodes.

     

MABA法与二倍稀释法测定齐墩果酸体外抗结核菌活性

为筛选有开发价值的抗结核中草药,通过儿拉姆兰微板分析法(MABA)与二倍稀释法分别测定齐墩果酸对结核分支杆菌H37Rv(ATCC 27294)和H37Ra(ATCC 25177)的体外抗菌活性,测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC),同时对两种方法的检测结果进行了比较;以噻唑蓝(MTT)法进行了齐墩果酸对Balb/c小鼠的脾细胞和肝细胞的细胞毒性试验。结果表明,齐墩果酸对这两种结核菌的最低抑菌浓度均为16μg/mL,对Balb/c小鼠的脾细胞和肝细胞均无毒性。MABA法与试管法相比较,完全符合率为90%(9/10),具有较好的一致性。本研究结果为齐墩果酸作为抗结核菌药物的开发及其抗菌机制研究奠定了一定的基础。     

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in canine oral malignant melanoma

Serum, plasma and tissue expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was measured in 20 dogs previously diagnosed histologically with oral melanoma. The concentrations of VEGF in serum and plasma were significantly higher in dogs with melanoma than in a control population (P ≤ 0.002). Concentrations of VEGF in the serum and plasma of dogs with melanoma were highly correlated (r = 0.867). Ninety‐five per cent of melanoma tissues expressed VEGF. Two staining patterns were detected: diffuse and granular cytoplasmic staining. High blood concentrations of VEGF were correlated to a shorter survival time in dogs receiving definitive therapy (P = 0.002). Survival times were significantly longer in dogs receiving definitive therapy versus palliative therapy (median 496 versus 97 days, P = 0.007). Blood concentrations of VEGF were associated with stage (P < 0.05). Dogs with oral melanoma have increased serum, plasma and tissue concentrations of VEGF. Increased expression of VEGF may be a reasonable target for future therapy of canine oral melanoma.     

英系大白猪母猪体况对繁殖性能的影响

英系大白猪母猪体况对繁殖性能影响的研究表明,配种时标准体型的母猪情期受胎率、总产仔数、产活仔数等性状表现最好,分别为82.26%,13.67头和12.41头;肥胖型母猪分别是72.92%,9.14头和8.26头,瘦型母猪分别为75.86%,10.18头和9.27头,而过瘦的母猪只有61.54%,8.88头和6.50头。     

乌拉尔甘草组培再生体系的研究

甘草是兼具生态和经济双重价值的重要植物资源,人工培育以野生变家种为主,尚未开展系统的育种工作。本研究以内蒙古杭锦旗的野生乌拉尔甘草为材料,研究了外植体、基本培养基、NAA、TDZ和蔗糖对丛生芽诱导的影响以及微繁体系的建立。结果表明,适合甘草丛生芽诱导的外植体为生长4~7 d的无菌苗子叶节,培养基为MS TDZ 0.1 mg/L NAA 0.1 mg/L 蔗糖20~30 g/L;将带1叶的茎段在改良MS NAA 0.1 mg/L 6-BA1.0~2.0 mg/L的培养基中培养,其增殖倍数可稳定达到25倍;在1/2MS 核黄素2.0 mg/L中生根,炼苗3 d移栽到蛭石中,成活率达96%以上。1个带腋芽茎段培养3个月可获得13 906棵生根试管苗,成活13 350株,繁殖效率高达85%。     

3株猪源非结核分支杆菌16 S rRNA基因序列分析

用PCR方法从3株猪源非结核分支杆菌中扩增16 S rRNA基因5′端片段并进行序列测定。用DNA分析软件将所获得的序列与GenBank中分支杆菌序列相比较,计算种间相似性,构建系统进化树,对菌株进行分类与鉴定。结果表明,3株猪源非结核分支杆菌中浅黄分支杆菌1株,偶发分支杆菌2株。非结核分支杆菌在猪中存在的现象应引起重视,对人畜的影响应进一步研究,以便采取有效的防控措施,保护人类及畜群的健康。     

四川脑膜炎病例猪链球菌2型溶血素抗原表位富集区的原核表达

对2005年四川资阳脑膜炎病例猪链球菌2型分离株ZYH33溶血素编码蛋白中包含多个抗原表位的第230～593氨基酸残基区域的基因片段进行扩增并克隆.基因片段经酶切处理后插入表达载体pQE-30的BamH Ⅰ和Sal Ⅰ位点之阃,构建融合表达质粒.转化宿主菌TG1经IPTG诱导后融合基因得到了表达,用猪链球菌2型菌体抗血清对表达的融合蛋白进行免疫印迹试验,分析融合蛋白的免疫反应性.试验结果提示该溶血素蛋白第230～593氨基酸残基区域可作为猪链球菌的诊断抗原,为基因工程疫苗的研制奠定基础.