可定点整合的无筛选标记LacS基因表达载体的构建与鉴定

试验旨在构建一个能够定点整合且无筛选标记基因的半乳糖苷酶基因LacS表达载体.本研究以pEGFP-N1质粒为原始框架,通过PCR及限制性酶切位点在pEGFP-N1质粒的标记基因两端添加两个同向LoxP序列,在多克隆位点上游添加能够定点整合的attB序列,最后再将目的基因BC promoter-LacS-PolyA通过限制性酶切位点插入多克隆位点.每一步都进行PCR、酶切及测序鉴定.PCR产物及酶切片段大小符合预期结果,测序结果也与相应寡核苷酸序列一致,证明各个基因片段正确地连接到载体相应位置.本试验成功构建了可定点整合的无筛选标记半乳糖苷酶基因表达载体pEGFP-N1-LacS.     

Determination of reference intervals for metabolic profile of Hanwoo cows at early,middle and late gestation periods

Background

Metabolic profile was initially designed as a presymptomatic diagnostic aid based on statistical analyses of blood metabolites to provide an early warning of certain types of metabolic disorder. However, there is little metabolic profile data available about Korean Hanwoo cows. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the reference intervals of metabolic profile for Korean Hanwoo cows.

Methods

Healthy animals (2,205) were selected and divided into early (day 1 to 95), middle (day 96 to 190) and late (day 191 to 285) period according to their gestating period. Metabolic profile including total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), urea (UREA), glucose (Glu), total cholesterol (T-Cho), long-chain fatty acid (LCFA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), creatinine (Crea), calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorous (iP) and magnesium (Mg) were analyzed using a TBA-40FR automatic biochemical analyzer. The data of Korean Hanwoo cows were then compared to those of the Japanese Wagyu cows.

Results

Most of the data of the Korean Hanwoo cows were relatively higher than those of Japanese Wagyu cows, with the exception of Glu and GGT. This may indicate that the nutritional level of feed for the Korean Hanwoo cows was higher than that of the Japanese Wagyu cows because of the different feeding system. In particular, relatively higher levels of UREA and LCFA were observed in the Korean Hanwoo cows, and this may also contribute to the low reproduction efficiency.

Conclusions

These findings may provide some theoretical basis for understanding the reproductive and feeding situation of Korean Hanwoo cows.     

食源性寄生虫的风险评估

风险(risk)是由一种或多种危害因子而引发危害事件的一种可能性或概率。危害因子可能属于物理的、化学的、微生物的范畴,病原微生物中的细菌、病毒、寄生虫等都可成为引发危害事件的风险因子。评估某一因子是否对人或其他生物构成威胁以及所危害的程度显得至关重要。事实上,存在于环境中的危险因子及其多种可能的传播途径都会引发多种危害性事件。因此,要想充分了解并揭示由危害因子引发危害的概率,以及其随后对人类健康造成的危害并非易事。风险评估则是对不良结果或不期望事件发生几率进行描述及定量的系统过程,现已被视为一种用于揭示存在于环境中的各种危害及其对人类健康造成的影响的方法。论文主要对食源性寄生虫风险评估的方法进行全面阐述。     

Dynamics of methanogenesis,ruminal fermentation and fiber digestibility in ruminants following elimination of protozoa: a meta-analysis

Background: Ruminal microbes are vital to the conversion of lignocellulose-rich plant materials into nutrients for ruminants.Although protozoa play a key role in linking ruminal microbial networks,the contribution of protozoa to rumen fermentation remains controversial; therefore,this meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively summarize the temporal dynamics of methanogenesis,ruminal volatile fatty acid(VFA) profiles and dietary fiber digestibility in ruminants following the elimination of protozoa(also termed defaunation).A total of 49 studies from 22 publications were evaluated.Results: The results revealed that defaunation reduced methane production and shifted ruminal VFA profiles to consist of more propionate and less acetate and butyrate,but with a reduced total VFA concentration and decreased dietary fiber digestibility.However,these effects were diminished linearly,at different rates,with time during the first few weeks after defaunation,and eventually reached relative stability.The acetate to propionate ratio and methane production were increased at 7 and 11 wk after defaunation,respectively.Conclusions: Elimination of protozoa initially shifted the rumen fermentation toward the production of more propionate and less methane,but eventually toward the production of less propionate and more methane over time.     

高温高湿条件下添加功能性油脂对奶牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵和生理状态的影响

文章旨在评估功能性油脂替代莫能菌素对高温高湿环境下奶牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵和生理状态的影响。试验选择产奶期(200±50)d,平均体重(600±75)kg的荷斯坦奶牛36头,将其随机分为3组,每组12个重复,每个重复1头牛,进行为期6周的试验(1周适应期,5周试验期),试验共设计3种日粮,对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理1组在基础日粮添加20mg/kg莫能菌素,处理2组在基础日粮添加0.05%功能性油脂。试验期间环境温度、湿度和温湿度指数分别是(25±0.55)℃、(82.0±1.20)%和74.5±0.30,表明奶牛处于高温高湿环境。结果:处理1组较对照组和处理2组显著降低了干物质和有机物的摄入量(P<0.05),较对照组显著降低了粗蛋白质摄入量(P<0.05)。试验时间显著影响有机物、蛋白质摄入量及养分表观消化率(P<0.05),同时显著影响瘤胃pH、氨氮和挥发性脂肪酸含量(P<0.05)。对照组较处理2组显著降低了血清尿素含量(P<0.05),处理和时间对血清尿素含量的影响具有显著交互效应(P<0.05)。处理1组较处理2组显著降低了脂肪产量和乳脂肪含量(P<0.05)。试验时间显著影响乳成分含量及产量(P<0.05)。结论:在本试验条件下,功能性油脂增加了乳脂产量,并且可以代替莫能菌素而不影响奶牛在高温高湿环境下的采食量、养分消化率、瘤胃发酵和生理状态。     

单色光对肉鸡体质量和小肠免疫应激相关因子IL-6与TNF-α表达的影响

本试验旨在通过检测在单色光下饲养的肉鸡的体质量和空肠中细胞因子白细胞介素-6(IL-6)与肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)表达量的改变,探讨单色光对肉鸡生长发育和肠道免疫应激水平的影响。选用256只刚出壳的雄性AA肉鸡,随机分成4组,分别在蓝(480nm)、绿(560nm)、红(660nm)、白(400～700nm)4种光色下饲养。各组饲养管理制度相同,光照的强度为15lx,光照时间为23h。肉鸡42日龄时,称重后取空肠,用ELISA测定IL-6和TNF-α的表达量。试验结果显示与白光组肉鸡相比,蓝光组肉鸡的体质量高15.2%,而空肠IL-6和TNF-α的表达量分别降低了46.8%和33.4%(P<0.05),绿光组、红光组、白光组3组间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明蓝光能促进肉鸡生长和缓解光刺激诱发的小肠免疫应激。     

内蒙古土右旗奶业科技扶贫调查报告

应全国百县农业脱贫致富工程筹委会的邀请。笔者于2005年11月赴内蒙古包头市土右旗进行了关于奶牛饲养管理的科技讲座,针对此过程中发现的该地区存在的一些问题提出一些建议,并结合国外奶业发展现状提出了该地区奶业发展思路。     

哺乳动物性晚熟相关基因的研究进展

人和哺乳动物性的发育和成熟源于下丘脑性腺激素释放激素（gonadotropin releasing hormone,GnRH）脉冲式释放。GnRH释放受到抑制或破坏,就会导致性腺机能减退,人在发育前和发育期就会出现发育迟缓和性发育不良,表现为无精症或闭经;动物则表现为初情期延迟、生殖能力下降等表型。编码促性腺激素及其受体基因的突变可能引起哺乳动物性晚熟。笔者简要介绍了GPR54、GnRH/GnRHR、FSH/FSHR、LH/LHR基因与哺乳动物性晚熟的关系。     

副猪嗜血杆菌病流行病学及致病因子的研究进展

副猪嗜血杆菌（Haemophilus parasuis,Hps）是猪上呼吸道的一种常在菌,常引起猪的多发性浆膜炎、关节炎、脑膜炎,由该菌引起的病又称格拉泽氏病。随着世界养猪业的发展,该病已成为全球范围内影响养猪业的一种重要细菌性疾病。为了更全面的了解副猪嗜血杆菌病的研究现状,笔者对该病的病原学、流行病学、致病因子的研究进展作一综述。     

菁松皓月的种性维持及系统改良

本文通过对浙江省蚕种公司和中国农业科学院蚕业研究所提供的菁松、皓月品种的原原种和杂交种27年的历年饲育成绩和经济性状分析,认为菁松、皓月的主要经济性状没有改变,仍保持推广初期的饲育成绩水平,且某些经济眭状有所提高;同时阐述了菁松、皓月品种的种性维持及系统改良的方法和经验。