卡拉库尔羊妊娠母羊铜、锌、铁、锰的含量测定

为了探索微量元素对妊娠母羊营养状况的影响,选取体重相近、年龄和胎次相同的卡拉库尔羊妊娠母羊和空怀母羊各6只,清晨采取颈静脉血样和臀部毛样,利用原子吸收光谱法对铜、锌、铁、锰4种微量元素含量进行了测定(国标法)。结果表明:血清中,铜的含量在妊娠母羊与空怀母羊之间差异显著(P<0.05);全血中,铁、铜、锰含量在妊娠母羊与空怀母羊之间差异显著(P<0.05);羊毛中,铜、锰含量在妊娠母羊与空怀母羊之间差异显著(P<0.05)。     

基于线粒体 Cytb基因和D-loop区的鸭绿江流域细鳞鱼群体遗传多样性

旨在研究鸭绿江流域（丹东段）细鳞鱼野生群体与养殖群体的遗传多样性,并探究其种质资源情况。基于细鳞鱼线粒体DNA Cytb基因和D-loop区序列,对宽甸（KD）和丹东江域（DD）2个野生细鳞鱼群体和 1个养殖群体的遗传结构与遗传多样性等进行比较研究。结果表明： Cytb基因1 141 bp,A+T含量 53.55%,G+C含量46.45%,D-loop区序列988 bp,A+T含量62.75%,G＋C含量37.25%;基于Cytb和D-loop序列在90个样本中分别检测到42和 56个多态性位点,定义了21和26种单倍型,其中KD、DD和YZ群体 Cytb基因的单倍型数分别为14、10和 7,KD、DD和YZ群体D-loop区单倍型数分别为16、15和10;遗传多样性分析 Cytb基因表现出高单倍型多样性（0.986）和低核苷酸多样性（0.004 66）,而D-loop区表现出高单倍型多样性（0.981）和高水平的核苷酸多样性（0.019 82）,基于 Cytb基因和D-loop区序列KD和DD群体分别具有4个和2个相同单倍型,说明2个细鳞鱼野生群体间的分化程度较小,而养殖群体与野生群体间遗传分化为中度;分子方差分析（AMOVA）发现群体内部的遗传变异（Cytb：73.38%;D-loop：85.91%）占比明显高于群体间的遗传变异（Cytb：26.62%;D-loop：14.09%）,表明鸭绿江流域（丹东段）细鳞鱼群体遗传变异主要来源于群体内,不同地理群体间的遗传变异不大;群体单倍型系统发育树表明,KD、DD和YZ群体间互有交叉,均未表现出明显的地理聚集,3个群体间尚未出现明显的地理谱系结构,结果与遗传多样性研究一致。Tajima’s D和Fu and Li’s中性检验显著偏离中性,推测细鳞鱼KD和DD群体可能经历过群体扩张事件,随后处于相对平衡稳定状态。     

A set of primers for analyzing chloroplast DNA diversity in Citrus and related genera

Chloroplast simple sequence repeat (cpSSR) markers in Citrus were developed and used to analyze chloroplast diversity of Citrus and closely related genera. Fourteen cpSSR primer pairs from the chloroplast genomes of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and Arabidopsis were found useful for analyzing the Citrus chloroplast genome (cpDNA) and recoded with the prefix SPCC (SSR Primers for Citrus Chloroplast). Eleven of the 14 primer pairs revealed some degree of polymorphism among 34 genotypes of Citrus, Fortunella, Poncirus and some of their hybrids, with polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranging from 0.057 to 0.732, and 18 haplotypes were identified. The cpSSR data were analyzed with NTSYS-pc software, and the genetic relationships suggested by the unweighted pair group method based on arithmetic means (UPGMA) dendrogram were congruent with previous taxonomic investigations: the results showed that all samples fell into seven major clusters, i.e., Citrus medica L., Poncirus, Fortunella, C. ichangensis Blanco, C. reticulata Swingle, C. aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle and C. grandis (L.) Osbeck. The results of previous studies combined with our cpSSR analyses revealed that: (1) Calamondin (C. madurensis Swingle) is the result of hybridization between kumquat (Fortunella) and mandarin (C. reticulata), where kumquat acted as the female parent; (2) Ichang papeda (C. ichangensis) has a unique taxonomic status; and (3) although Bendiguangju mandarin (C. reticulata) and Satsuma mandarin (C. reticulata) are similar in fruit shape and leaf morphology, they have different maternal parents. Bendiguangju mandarin has the same cytoplasm as sweet orange (C. sinensis), whereas Satsuma mandarin has the cytoplasm of C. reticulata. Seventeen PCR products from SPCC1 and 21 from SPCC11 were cloned and sequenced. The results revealed that mononucleotide repeats as well as insertions and deletions of small segments of DNA were associated with SPCC1 polymorphism, whereas polymorphism generated by SPCC11 was essentially due to the variation in length of the mononucleotide repeats.     

Hemodynamic changes of abdominal organs in the early stage of septic mice induced by cecal ligation and puncture

AIM: To characterize the hemoperfusion of abdominal organs in the early stage of sepsis in mice. METHODS: Health male Kunming mice were used in the study (n=100). The techniques of 2D, M-mode and pulse-wave Doppler were applied to evaluate the systolic functions of the heart and the blood flow of abdominal aorta, right renal artery and portal vein before cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) as the baseline and at the time points of 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48 h and 60 h after CLP. The mice survived for 7 d were considered as survivals. All data were compared with the baseline values.RESULTS: The cardiac output of the CLP mice remained in normal or hyperdynamic levels in the early stage of sepsis. Compensatory responses of systolic functions were observed. The levels of blood flow in abdominal aorta were increased first and then decreased. Resistent index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of abdominal aorta began to increase at the time point of 24 h. Blood flow of right renal artery showed a significant decline from the beginning to the end of our observation. No significant difference of the right arteriorenal RI and PI was observed. Portal venous flow increased significantly at 12 h, and decreased at 24 h after CLP. Congestion index of the portal vein was distinctly increased from 12 h to the end of the observation. CONCLUSION: The hemodynamics of abdominal organs in early stage of septic mice shows specific changes, indicating an important role in evaluating the mechanism of sepsis.     

心痛泰对冠心病大鼠肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统及血管重塑的调控作用

目的 从肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统切入,探讨心痛泰对冠心病血管重塑的调控作用。方法 将95只SD大鼠随机抽取17只为正常组,其余78只采用喂饲高脂饲料并腹腔注射垂体后叶素的方法制备冠心病大鼠模型。将造模成功的大鼠随机分为模型组,心痛泰低、中、高剂量组和卡托普利组。各组分别予相应的药物灌胃,正常组和模型组以同等体积的蒸馏水灌胃,每日1次,连续28 d。采用HE染色观察大鼠冠状动脉病理变化,ELISA法检测大鼠血浆肾素（PRA）、血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）、醛固酮（ALD）的含量。结果 治疗4周后,与冠心病模型组比较,心痛泰低、中、高剂量组和卡托普利组心脏指数、左心室质量指数、右心室质量指数降低,冠状动脉管壁变薄,管壁厚度/管腔直径、管壁面积/管腔面积降低,血浆PRA、AngⅡ、ALD水平下降（P<0.05）。心痛泰中、高剂量组和卡托普利组各项指标组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 心痛泰可调节肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统,延缓甚至逆转心血管重构,从而改善冠心病大鼠心肌供血和心功能,且心痛泰中、高剂量组疗效优于低剂量组。     

盘点中国土地上孕育的世界名犬

<正>目前被世界认可的犬种约有400多种,通过阅读相关材料欣喜地发现起源于中国的犬种的确不少。特别是西藏,为世界创造了保留了很多珍贵的犬种。兴奋之余,整理出起源于中国的犬与读者分享。     

发展农田秸秆菌业的技术集成与资源循环利用管理对策

本文分析了我国草生菌业的生产实际, 深入探讨了农田秸秆菌业循环生产体系的主要环节和优化构建, 并详细阐述了各个环节的管理对策.通过对秸秆堆制发酵、优质高产栽培管理、菌渣循环利用和环境生态监测等关键环节的有效链接与整合优化, 建立"稻草(秸秆)-食用菌-菌渣-农田(园地)再循环-资源再利用"的农田秸秆菌业循环生产新体系的运作模式, 并展望了农田秸秆菌业的推广和开发前景.     

保润剂对烟草叶表面微结构的影响

\t\t\t\t\t目的\t\t\t\t\t考察金钱草多糖保润剂对片烟原料干燥过程的影响规律,为从动力学角度理解保润剂对片烟原料的保润效果奠定理论基础。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t方法\t\t\t\t\t测试施加金钱草多糖保润剂的许昌片烟(X2F)原料在不同干燥温度的水分含量变化,确定原料水分散失的薄层干燥动力学方程,获得内部水分有效扩散系数及干燥活化能。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结果\t\t\t\t\t金钱草多糖可增强片烟原料的持水能力,显著降低原料的干燥速率常数和水分有效扩散系数,添加纯水和施加保润剂原料的水分有效扩散系数分别在1.286 8×10⁻¹²~1.671 8×10⁻¹² m²/s和1.074 0×10⁻¹²~1.611 0×10⁻¹² m²/s之间,干燥活化能分别为8.42 kJ/mol和13.9 kJ/mol。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结论\t\t\t\t\t金钱草多糖可提高片烟原料的保润性能,二项分布指数函数模型和Page模型可较好地描述片烟原料水分散失历程,为从动力学角度理解保润剂对片烟干燥过程中水分散失的影响提供了思路。\t\t\t\t     

巨尾桉无性系人工林不同规格原木出材比例的测定

根据短周期巨尾桉人工林标准地伐倒木调查资料,编制对应林分平均胸径的不同规格原木比例表格,以方便查对一定胸径林分对应的不同规格原木出材比例,较为快捷地估算林分林木的经济价值。     

追踪实战基本技能的训练

警犬追踪实战情况错综复杂,既有客观条件的变化,如案件性质、使用条件、现场环境和地理气候等;又有主观因素的影响,如人的分析判断能力、犬的作业状况等。面对各种各样复杂的现场,带犬民警作为警犬使用的主体,必须具备对案件现场勘察、分析、判断的基本功,具有正确指挥和使用警