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41.
42.
利用微生物的抗药性筛选抗福美双的假单胞菌株T46,然后通过亚硝基胍(NTG)化学诱变获得了对福美双敏感的三株突变株T46N10、T46N7和T46N17。利用这三个突变株作受体,通过基因克隆的方法筛选到了可使三个突变株恢复抗性的克隆,抗性基因分别被定位在7kb、2.5kb和20kb的EcoRⅠ片段上。将这三个克隆分别用(32)P标记后制成分子探针,然后分别与三个突变菌株的总DNA进行DNA-DNA分子杂交,结果表明,各突变株均存在与菌株T46的抗福美双基因克隆的高度同源性,经结合形态、生理生化等分析后证实这三株突变株均源自于出发菌株T46。 相似文献
43.
ESP值和黏粒含量对土壤表面封闭作用的影响 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
降雨导致土壤表面结皮形成封闭是自然现象,它能降低土壤入渗,增加土表径流,导致土壤侵蚀。该文系统地研究了不同性质土壤表面的封闭作用过程,分别确定封闭过程中的物理机械作用和化学作用。试验采用了具有不同土壤交换性钠百分率(ESP)值(2、5、10、20)和黏粒含量(10%、20%、40%、60%)的4种土壤进行降雨模拟试验,通过土壤表面播撒磷石膏(PG)(2000 kg/hm2)和PG与聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)(PG 2000 kg/hm2+PAM 20 kg/hm2)混合物的处理,分别抑制了土壤的化学封闭和物理封闭,论述了ESP值和黏粒含量对土壤化学封闭和物理封闭作用的影响,结果表明:在高ESP值土壤中,化学封闭作用占土壤封闭的主导作用;低ESP值土壤中,土壤的物理封闭作用增大。当黏粒含量较低时,土壤物理封闭作用较低;当黏粒含量较大时,土壤物理封闭作用显著增大。 相似文献
44.
固化土结构沼气池是在传统以砖砌体沼气池和混凝土现浇沼气池建造基础上,利用土壤固化技术建造的一种新型户用水压式沼气池。将固化土作为池底结构材料和池壁材料,在冲积土、紫色土、黏土等3种土壤条件下建造了不同组合模式的固化土结构沼气池。经破坏性极限压力试验表明,所建沼气池均符合国家《户用沼气池质量检验验收规范GB/T4751-2002》标准。对固化土结构沼气池与传统沼气池建造成本进行详细分析,结果表明,由于部分建池材料实现就地取材,商品建材的使用量和运输量减少,建池成本降低,具有显著的经济效益和广阔的推广前景。 相似文献
45.
不同含水量菜豆种子老化过程中生理特性的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对不同含水量的菜豆种子( 2.1%、3.4%、3.8%、6.9%和9.0% ) 老化过程中的生理特性进行了研究。结果表明, 菜豆种子在含水量为318%时, 发芽率, 保护酶系统( SOD、POD和CAT) 活性和脱氢酶活性明显高于其它含水量的种子, 而脂氧合酶(LOX) 活性和丙二醛(MDA) 含量显著低于其它含水量的种子, 表现出较高的生活力。此结果表明适度降低菜豆种子的含水量可以提高其抗老化劣变能力;不同生活力的菜豆种子POD同工酶酶谱表现不同, 而SDS2PAGE蛋白质谱带则基本相同。 相似文献
46.
红茶末对淮南麻黄鸡生产及繁殖性能影响 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
【目的】茶叶加工下脚料—茶末价格低廉,含有多种天然活性及抗氧化物质,试验研究了红茶末对淮南麻黄鸡生产和繁殖性能的影响。【方法】将290日龄淮南麻黄鸡种鸡528只(母鸡480只,公鸡48只),随机分成4组(每组2个重复),分别饲喂添加0.0%(对照组)、0.5%、1.5%、2.5%红茶末4种种鸡日粮,试验持续50天。【结果】日粮中添加0.5%的红茶末,除平均蛋重低于对照组0.39g(p<0.01)外,淮南麻黄鸡的产蛋率、饲料利用率、健雏率和出雏公鸡率均有提高的趋势(p>0.05);种蛋受精率比对照组高6个百分点(p<0.05);种蛋合格率和雏鸡初生重分别比对照组高4.7和4.8个百分点(p<0.01)。高浓度红茶末(1.5%或2.5%)对淮南麻黄鸡产蛋及繁殖性能有负面影响。【结论】淮南麻黄鸡日粮添加适量红茶末可改善其生产和繁殖性能。 相似文献
47.
Greenhouse gas emissions in response to straw incorporation,water management and their interaction in a paddy field in subtropical central China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Cong Wang Hong Tang Kazuyuki Inubushi Georg Guggenberger 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2017,63(2):171-184
A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of combination of straw incorporation and water management on fluxes of CH4, N2O and soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh) in a paddy field in subtropical central China by using a static opaque chamber/gas chromatography method. Four treatments were set up: two rice straw incorporation rates at 0 (S1) and 6 (S2) t ha?1 combined with two water managements of intermittent irrigation (W1, with mid-season drainage) and continuous flooding (W2, without mid-season drainage). The cumulative seasonal CH4 emissions for the treatments of S1W2, S2W1 and S2W2 increased significantly by 1.84, 5.47 and 6.63 times, respectively, while seasonal N2O emissions decreased by 0.67, 0.29 and 1.21 times, respectively, as compared to S1W1 treatment. The significant increase in the cumulative Rh for the treatments S1W1, S2W1 and S2W2 were 0.54, 1.35 and 0.52 times, respectively, in comparison with S1W2. On a seasonal basis, both the CO2-equivalents (CO2e) and yield-scaled CO2e (GHGI) of CH4 and N2O emissions increased with straw incorporation and continuous flooding, following the order: S2W2>S2W1>S1W2>S1W1. Thus, the practices of in season straw incorporation should be discouraged, while mid-season drainage is recommended in paddy rice production from a point view of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. 相似文献
48.
Methane emissions from different vegetation zones in a Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mitsuru Hirota Yanhong Tang Shigeki Hirata Wenhong Mo Shigeru Mariko 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2004,36(5):737-748
We measured methane (CH4) emissions in the Luanhaizi wetland, a typical alpine wetland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China, during the plant growth season (early July to mid-September) in 2002. Our aim was to quantify the spatial and temporal variation of CH4 flux and to elucidate key factors in this variation. Static chamber measurements of CH4 flux were made in four vegetation zones along a gradient of water depth. There were three emergent-plant zones (Hippuris-dominated; Scirpus-dominated; and Carex-dominated) and one submerged-plant zone (Potamogeton-dominated). The smallest CH4 flux (seasonal mean=33.1 mg CH4 m−2 d−1) was observed in the Potamogeton-dominated zone, which occupied about 74% of the total area of the wetland. The greatest CH4 flux (seasonal mean=214 mg CH4 m−2 d−1) was observed in the Hippuris-dominated zone, in the second-deepest water area. CH4 flux from three zones (excluding the Carex-dominated zone) showed a marked diurnal change and decreased dramatically under dark conditions. Light intensity had a major influence on the temporal variation in CH4 flux, at least in three of the zones. Methane fluxes from all zones increased during the growing season with increasing aboveground biomass. CH4 flux from the Scirpus-dominated zone was significantly lower than in the other emergent-plant zones despite the large biomass, because the root and rhizome intake ports for CH4 transport in the dominant species were distributed in shallower and more oxidative soil than occupied in the other zones. Spatial and temporal variation in CH4 flux from the alpine wetland was determined by the vegetation zone. Among the dominant species in each zone, there were variations in the density and biomass of shoots, gas-transport system, and root-rhizome architecture. The CH4 flux from a typical alpine wetland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau was as high as those of other boreal and alpine wetlands. 相似文献
49.
Chemical fertilizer reduction and soil fertility maintenance in rice-fish coculture system 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jian Xie Xue Wu Jianjun Tang Jiaen Zhang Xin Chen 《Frontiers of Agriculture in China》2010,4(4):422-429
In the long run, whether the use of chemical fertilizers could be reduced and soil fertility could be maintained through rice-fish
coculture is less well known. At the pilot site of the rice-fish coculture system, which is one of the five “globally important
agricultural heritage systems” (GIAHS), we conducted a 4-year study to compare fertilizer use, rice yield, and soil fertility
in rice-fish coculture and rice monoculture. Based on the survey data from 21 villages, rice yield did not differ between
rice monoculture and rice-fish coculture, but less chemical fertilizers were used in rice-fish coculture than in rice monoculture.
Survey data from 145 farms also showed that rice-fish coculture farms with high input of feed for fish used less chemical
fertilizers for rice production than farms with low input of feed for fish. In the 4-year field experiment, although less
fertilizer was used in rice-fish coculture, rice yield, soil organic matter, soil total nitrogen, and soluble phosphorus did
not differ between rice-fish coculture and rice monoculture. Our results suggest that rice-fish coculture can reduce chemical
fertilizers application, enhance land productivity, and maintain soil fertility. Our results also suggest that rice-fish coculture
could reduce the risk of non-point source pollution by reducing the input of chemical fertilizers. 相似文献
50.
夹竹桃等七种植物野外栽培灭螺效果的试验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对灭螺植物材料夹竹桃、枫杨、乌桕、益母草和对照植物材料杨树、芦苇、杂草开展野外栽培灭螺试验。结果表明:灭螺植物材料的钉螺死亡率高于对照植物材料,并达到显著差异水平,其中夹竹桃灭螺效果最好,乌桕、益母草、枫杨相差不大且均大于杨树小于夹竹桃,对照植物杨树的灭螺效果好于芦苇和杂草。 相似文献