发酵乳清粉对断奶仔猪生产性能、腹泻率和消化能力的影响

<正>乳清粉是乳品工业的副产物,含有丰富的营养物质,可向动物尤其是幼龄动物提供丰富的营养素。同时,乳清粉又是一种很容易消化吸收的物质,非常适合刚断奶这一特殊生理阶段的仔猪。目前,在断奶仔猪饲料中乳清粉已被普遍使用。     

美国乙醇市场和玉米消费

3月3日,美国乙醇工业协会(EIA)公布了12月美国乙醇产量报告,另外,近期报道称甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)将停止使用,在此对乙醇产业市场和玉米消费以及今年剩余时间里可能会影响该产业的因素进行略为详尽的研究。图1显示出美国乙醇产业持续强劲增长的状况。3月3日EIA公布的2005年12月报告显示:美国每天乙醇产量为28万桶,再次创下月度高点。2005年美国乙醇产量为9300万桶(39亿加仑),全年平均日产量为25.5万桶。2005年乙醇产量高于2004年的8100万桶(34亿加仑),2004年日产量为22.1万桶。12月份数据显示当月用于乙醇生产的玉米用量约为1.29亿蒲式耳,…     

防治桑枝芽枯萎细菌病害药物室内药效测定初报

作者1995~1996年对征集到的20多种杀菌剂,对桑枝、芽枯萎细菌病病原细菌No:1、No:2号菌株,应用植物病原细菌室内药效测定常规方法——抑菌圈法进行筛选,最后得出硫酸链霉素、盐酸土霉素、代森铵、抗菌素402、新洁尔灭、波尔多液、甲醛共七种对供试菌株效力较强,其中硫酸链霉素、盐酸土霉素、代森铵、波尔多液、甲醛已在病区小区试验和大田防治效果良好.     

Effects of poor forage conditions on the behaviour of grazing ruminants

Summary This paper shows that the study of animal behaviour is a valuable aid to the improvement of the management of grazing livestock under extensive conditions. The food available to grazing animals in developing countries, and particularly in the dry season in the tropics, is often of very low quality and, in addition, is frequently available at low densities per unit area. Grazing ruminants attempt to adapt to these adverse conditions by increasing the time for which they graze each day and also by dispersing more widely. However, the time for which animals can graze may be limited by solar radiation and fly irritation in the day, and by the confining of the animals in pens at night. The adverse effects of the above limitations may be partially overcome when adapted local breeds are used. Dispersion of animals improves their ability to make use of extensive pasture and in order to encourage it, an understanding of the factors that affect it such as breed difference, social behaviour, adaptation and location of watering points and other unique environmental factors must be achieved. The paper concludes with recommendations of areas worth further research.

---

Effecto De Malas Condiciones Del Forraje Sobre El Comportamiento De Rumiantes En Pastoreo

Resumen Este articulo demuestra la importancia de estudiar el compartamiento de animales en pastoreo, para mejorar el manejo extensivo. El forraje disponible por unidad de superficie en países en vías de desarrollo es escaso y de mala calidad, sobre todo en época seca. Los rumiantes tratan de adaptarse a estas condiciones adversas incrementando el tiempo de pastoreo y dispersándose. Sin embargo el tiempo de pastoreo puede estar limitado por la radiación solar y la irritación causada por moscas durante el dia o porque los animales son encerrados durante la noche. Estos efectos pueden contrarrestarse utilizando razas criollas y bebederos estratégicamente localizados. Se requiere entonces más profundidad en estudios etológicos para incrementar la productividad de animales en pastoreo extensivo.

---

Effets De Mauvaises Conditions Fourrageres Sur Le Comportement De Ruminants Au Paturage

Résumé Cet article montre que l'étude du comportement animal est une aide appréciable pour l'amélioration de la conduite du bétail au pâturage en élevage extensif. La nourriture disponible pour les animaux au pâturage dans les pays en développement, particulièrement en saison sèche sous les tropiques, est souvent de très faible qualité et, de plus, fréquemment disponible en faible densité par unité de surface. Les ruminants essaient de s'adapter à ces mauvaises conditions en augmentant leur temps de pâturage chaque jour et aussi en se dispersant plus. Cependant, le temps de pâturage peut être limité par les rayons du soleil et l'irritation due aux mouches le jour, et par le confinement des animaux à l'enclos la nuit. Ces effets défavorables peuvent être partiellement surmontés par l'utilisation de races locales adaptées. La dispersion des animaux améliore leur possibilité d'utilisation des pâturages extensifs et pour favouriser cela, une compréhension des facteurs qui les affectent comme la différence de race, le comportement social, l'adaptation et la situation des points d'eau et d'autres facteurs du milieu doivent être considérés. L'auteur conclut en recommandant d'autres recherches valables pour ces régions.

     

Morphology and water and lipid contents of stifle menisci of growing swine.

Morphology and distribution of water and lipid were examined in menisci of growing swine. The broadness of menisci and the size of protruded tissue in the inner anterior portion of menisci varied among animals. Small tears of tissues were frequently observed. Both the thickness and tissue weight were greater in the lateral than in the medial meniscus. Water content and intensity of glycosaminoglycan staining with safranin-O were found to be greatest in the inner one-third of the meniscus, and greater in the middle than in the outer one-third of the meniscus. Lipid content was greater in the outer one-third than in the inner two-thirds of the meniscus.     

泰山粗毛型长毛兔高产品系选育研究

以德系、法系安哥拉、沪２０７１ 系和ＧＳＡＢ兔为育种素材,通过合成杂交方式建立选育基础群,实施半开放式核心群世代选育,经过５ 个世代育成粗毛型兔新品系。新品系平均年产毛量１７０４ｇ,兔毛品质优良,粗毛率２０．１１％ ,料毛比４０．３３∶１,成年体重５．５ｋｇ,体长５５ｃｍ ,胸围４０ｃｍ ,平均窝产仔７．３６只,育成成活率９２％ 。适应性和抗病力较强,体质健壮,外貌整齐,遗传性稳定     

Kinetic evaluation of normal walking and jumping in cats, using a pressure-sensitive walkway

The kinetic parameters of the limbs of 23 normal, client-owned cats were evaluated by encouraging them to walk and jump normally on a pressure-sensitive walkway. Each cat was encouraged to walk across the walkway five times over a period of 30 to 45 minutes (by using food, toys, the owner's presence and a purpose-built tunnel) at a target speed of 0.6 m/s (and an acceleration of less than +/- 0.1 m/s(2)). They were then encouraged to jump on to the walkway from a height of 1 m five times at five-minute intervals. The kinetic parameters of peak vertical force (PVF) and vertical impulse (VI) were measured for each limb (the forelimbs only for the jumps), and expressed as a percentage of bodyweight (PVF(%BW) and VI(%BW/S)). Fifteen of the 23 cats satisfactorily completed three to five walks and two to five jumps that could be analysed. There were no significant differences between the PVF or VI of the left and right limbs, but both parameters were significantly greater for the forelimbs than the hindlimbs (P<0.001) for the walking data. The mean (sd) PVF(%BW) for the forelimbs and hindlimbs were 48.2 (6.0) and 38.3 (4.0), respectively, and the mean VI(%BW/s) were 16.9 (3.2) and 13.3 (2.8). Jumping down generated significantly greater PVF (P<0.01) and slightly greater VI than during walking; there were no significant differences between the left and right forelimbs. The mean PVF(%BW) was 148.9 (16.4) and the mean VI(%BW/s) was 18.1 (4.3).     

甲鱼暴发性传染病的病原分离及治疗试验

从１５例表现为“红底板”、“红脖子”、“烂甲”的患病甲鱼肝脏分离到９株无荚膜、无芽胞、革兰氏阴性、β溶血的短杆菌,经理化特性鉴定均为气单胞菌属（Ａｅｒｏｍｏｎａｓ）嗜温有动力菌群,其中温和气单胞菌（Ａ．ｓｏｂｒｉａ）７株,豚鼠气单胞菌（Ａ．ｃａｖｉａｅ）２株。从Ａ．ｓｏｂｒｉａ和Ａ．ｃａｖｉａｅ各选一代表菌株（ＪＡ－１和ＪＡ－２）分别感染健康鲫鱼均引起发病和死亡,其ＬＤ５０分别为４．３×１０５、５．５×１０７,并回收到该２种菌。在该２种菌培养上清中存在１种具有溶血活性的毒素。以ＪＡ－１和ＪＡ－２为菌种制成混合菌苗,在应用由黄芪、有机锗制成的免疫增效剂后,再用混合菌苗免疫家兔,制得的多价高免血清（效价达１∶５１２）与庆大霉素、恩诺沙星进行了治疗对比试验。结果,高免血清治疗自然病甲鱼１０９只,全部治愈;庆大霉素、恩诺沙星分别治疗自然病甲鱼７２只和８４只,平均治愈率分别为８８％和８４％。