中国野漆树与日本野漆树油脂成分差异性分析

漆树科(Anacandiaceae)资源丰富,约60属600种.据不完全统计,我国现有漆树群体5亿多株,能结籽的有1亿多株.目前,漆树研究大多是以生产生漆的漆树类为对象,对野漆树(Toxicodendron succedaneum)研究较少,而漆蜡(油)用途广泛,在化妆品、防水剂、涂料、粘接剂、润滑剂、电子摄影调色剂、水果保鲜剂及蜡纺印花等轻化电子产业中有巨大的潜力(王成章,2001;唐丽等,2010).     

In vitro suppression of quercetin on hypertrophy and extracellular matrix accumulation in rat glomerular mesangial cells cultured by high glucose

Quercetin's protective effects on the glomerulosclerosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in rat mesangial cells were investigated. The cell cycles, type IV collagen and laminin, TGF-β₁ mRNA, Smad 2/3 and Smad 7, and activities of cell antioxidases were measured. Compared with the high glucose group, quercetin may decrease the cell percentages of G₀/G₁ phase, Smad 2/3 expression, laminin and type IV collagen, and TGF-β₁ mRNA level significantly. The antioxidant capacity, the cell percentages of S phase and Smad 7 expression was significantly increased by quercetin. These results suggest that quercetin is a protective agent against glomerulosclerosis in DN.     

鄂西山地马尾松林水文效应研究

为了定量评价马尾松林的综合水文功能,对鄂西山地区内的马尾松林林冠截留、枯落物截留和林地土壤蓄流等关键水文效应进行了观测研究。结果表明：林冠截留率为19.14%,树干茎流率为0.48%;林冠截留量与降雨量呈幂函数关系,林内透雨、树干茎流分别与降雨量呈线性关系;枯落物最大持水率为224.23%,土壤贮水力为291.63t/...     

Alteration of glutathione S-transferase properties during the development of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Micromelalopha troglodyta</Emphasis> larvae (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae)

Micromelalopha troglodyta (Graeser) is an important pest of poplar in China. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are known to be responsible for adaptation mechanisms of M. troglodyta. The activities and kinetic constants of glutathione S-transferases in M. troglodyta were studied. Significant differences in glutathione S-transferase activity and kinetic characteristics were observed among five instars of M. troglodyta larvae. Furthermore, the inhibition of glutathione S-transferase activity in five instars by 24 inhibitors was conducted. The results show the inhibition of GST activity of different instars by 24 inhibitors was different. For GST activity in the 1st instar, chlorpyrifos, lambda-cyhalothrin, endosulfan, abamectin, fipronil and pyridaben were the best inhibitors tested, and for GST activity in the 2nd instar, tannic acid and quercetin were the most potent inhibitors tested, and for GST activity in the 3rd instar, the inhibitory effects of quercetin, chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin were the highest, and for GST activity in the 4th instar, quercetin and lambda-cyhalothrin were the best inhibitors, and the inhibitory effect of phoxim was the highest for GST activity in the 5th instar. Our results show that glutathione S-transferases in different instars are qualitatively different in isozyme composition and thus different in sensitivity to inhibitors.     

计算机软件在造价工程中的应用

随着IT技术应用范围的扩大,计算机应用到了工程概预算的编制中。工程造价专业应用软件可以为工程造价管理人员完成大量的工作,有效提高了工作效率。然而工程造价软件在实际应用中也存在一些问题。本文针对这些问题提出改进措施,并对工程造价软件今后的发展方向进行了展望。     

间歇灌溉对稻田毒死蜱迁移转化特征的影响

间歇灌溉作为丘陵区稻田常见的灌溉方式之一,其强烈的干湿交替过程会影响稻田中污染物的环境行为。在室内批量平衡吸附试验的基础上,通过农药野外喷施试验与动态观测,研究了间歇淹水和持续淹水条件下石灰性紫色土发育的稻田中毒死蜱的迁移转化特征。结果表明,土壤对毒死蜱的吸附能力远远强于其对毒死蜱主要降解产物3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶醇(3,5,6-TCP)的吸附能力,毒死蜱的吸附容量常数范围为34~170,TCP的吸附容量常数范围为0.62~0.67,且对毒死蜱和TCP的吸附容量常数及分配系数均以耕作层土壤高于非耕作层土壤;施药后田面水中毒死蜱及TCP的浓度均随时间迅速下降,两者均可通过土壤大孔隙优先流快速迁移至50cm深处;间歇灌溉处理稻田土壤孔隙水中两者的浓度总体低于持续淹水处理;降雨和灌溉事件会导致两者由土壤固相迅速向水相发生短时间、高浓度释放与淋失。     

Concentrations and depositions of SO2, SO4 2− etc. in a Chongqing suburban forested area

During the period from 25 May 1991 to 30 May 1992 the atmospheric concentrations and depositions of oxides of sulfur were continuously measured in a suburban masson pine forest which is currently experiencing severe dieback, in Chongqing, China. The annual mean concentrations of SO₂ and particulate SO₄ ^2? were 220 μ g/m³ (77 ppbv) and 32 μ g/m³ respectively. The atmospheric concentrations of these sulfur compounds were high in late autumn and winter. The annual wet and dry depositions of sulfur to the forest as measured by throughfall and stemflow were 93.1 and 46.6 kgSha^?1a^?1 respectively. These depositions are among the highest level ever reported in the world. Althogh the cause of the dieback of the masson pine trees has not been unequivocally determined, it is probable that the direct impact of SO₂ is more likely the cause than acid deposition.     

密闭空间药雾浓度测量的试验方法研究

运用改进后的大气采样器，建立了一种对密闭空间细雾流分批采样分批分析的研究方法。对于采样参数组合的选取以及双侧采样的空间差异性进行了研究和统计判断，得出了最佳采样参数组合为采样时间5min，采气量5L／min。基于最佳采样参数组合，发现沉降曲线中存在分段点现象，分段点在喷雾结束后13min，也即开始喷雾后27min附近。针对分段点现象，给出了分段拟合的细雾流浓度沉降曲线及解析描述。采用改进的大气采样器可以获取喷雾结束后79rnin内的浓度数据，文献[13]中所用的采样方法只能得到喷雾结束后45min左右的浓度数据，因此该方法对药雾浓度沉降曲线的尾部特征描述能提供更多的信息。     

神府东胜矿区侵蚀营力及风、水蚀相互作用特征

神府东胜矿区主要侵蚀营力有风力、水力、重力和人为活动。侵蚀营力具有随季节周期性交替和空间分布上相互交错、渗透的特点。风力、水力相互作用及对地表物质的侵蚀、搬运和堆积过程，形成了风、水蚀地区特有的坡面徽地貌形态和垂直分带。     

甜高粱田间去叶装置的初步试验

研制的甜高粱田间去叶装置,可安装在收割机前,利用拖拉机液压升降系统压力油为动力,通过液压马达驱动橡胶弹性剥指高速回转,剥去甜高粱叶。试验表明,采用这种弹性剥指去叶装置,可在茎秆切断前,于机械化收割同时在田间去叶,去叶率较高。液压传动型式简化了结构,解决了总体布置的难度,有利于在生产中应用。