The effect of dietary supplementation with phytase transgenic maize and different concentrations of non-phytate phosphorus on the performance of laying hens

1. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with phytase transgenic corn (maize) (PTC) which has a phytase activity of 21 000 units (U) phytase per kg of maize on productive performance, egg quality, tibia bone quality and phosphorus (P) excretion in laying hens.

2. In the experiment, 1800 44-week-old Hy-line brown laying hens were divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 60 hens per replicate. The experiment lasted for 12 weeks. The layers in the control group (control) were given a basal diet with 0.36% non-phytate P (NPP), while the treatment groups received diets containing 360 U of exogenous phytase/kg with 0.26% NPP (EP) or 360 phytase U of PTC/kg diet with 0.26% (PTC1), 0.21% (PTC2) or 0.16% (PTC3) NPP.

3. The results showed that there was no significant difference in egg production, average daily feed intake, feed efficiency, rate of broken or soft-shell egg production or egg mass among the treatments. There was no significant difference in eggshell thickness or eggshell strength. On the other hand, no differences in any of the bone variables were found between treatments. The faecal P percentage content in EP, PTC1, PTC2 and PTC3 groups was significantly lower than the control group.

4. In summary, the PTC could be used in the feed of laying hens instead of EP to reduce P excretion without effecting production and bone mineralisation.     

Dietary supplementation of Zingiber officinale and Zingiber zerumbet to heat‐stressed broiler chickens and its effect on heat shock protein 70 expression,blood parameters and body temperature

The present study was conducted to assess the effects of dietary supplementation of Zingiber officinale and Zingiber zerumbet and to heat‐stressed broiler chickens on heat shock protein (HSP) 70 density, plasma corticosterone concentration (CORT), heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (HLR) and body temperature. Beginning from day 28, chicks were divided into five dietary groups: (i) basal diet (control), (ii) basal diet +1%Z. zerumbet powder (ZZ1%), (iii) basal diet +2%Z. zerumbet powder (ZZ2%), (iv) basal diet +1%Z. officinale powder (ZO1%) and (v) basal diet +2%Z. officinale powder (ZO2%). From day 35–42, heat stress was induced by exposing birds to 38 ± 1 °C and 80% RH for 2 h/day. Irrespective of diet, heat challenge elevated HSP70 expression, CORT and HLR on day 42. On day 42, following heat challenge, the ZZ1% birds showed lower body temperatures than those of control, ZO1% and ZO2%. Neither CORT nor HLR was significantly affected by diet. The ZO2% and ZZ2% diets enhanced HSP70 expression when compared to the control groups. We concluded that dietary supplementation of Z. officinale and Z. zerumbet powder may induce HSP70 reaction in broiler chickens exposed to heat stress.     

Optimizing the Conditions for In Vitro Maturation and Artificial Activation of Sika Deer (Cervus nippon hortulorum) Oocytes

With the goal of establishing experimental protocols for cloning sika deer, various conditions for in vitro maturation (IVM) and artificial activation of sika deer oocytes were examined. In vitro maturation was evaluated in seven different culture media. The highest rate of oocyte maturation was 75.4% in 10 μg/ml follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), 1 μg/ml LH, 0.2 mm cysteamine and 50 ng/ml epidermal growth factor (EGF) after 24 h of IVM. The efficiency after 24 h of IVM did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) from that observed after 20 h. Cysteamine (0.2 mm ) significantly increased the maturation rates after 20 h (from 59.1% to 67.2%, p < 0.05) and after 24 h (from 63.2% to 71.6%, p < 0.05) of IVM. The IVM rates of oocytes collected during the oestrous season (75.4%) and the anoestrous season (23.3%) were significantly different at 24 h. The 20 μg/ml FSH, 2 μg/ml LH, 0.4 mm cysteamine and 100 ng/ml EGF significantly increased the maturation rates (from 23.3% to 54.2%, p < 0.01) at 24 h during the anoestrous season. For the activation experiments, the most effective method was chemical activation [ionomycin + 6‐dimethylaminopurine (6‐DMAP)], which promoted the development of sika deer oocytes to the blastocyst stage (32.4%). Our results indicate that in vitro matured sika deer oocytes are good candidates for parthenogenetic activation and that chemical treatment is needed for relatively efficient activation of the oocytes. These optimized conditions for IVM and parthenogenetic activation may be useful for efforts to restore populations of the endangered sika deer using the somatic cell nuclear transfer technique.     

全竹化学利用的思考

概述了竹炭和竹醋、竹叶提取物、竹汁饮料、竹筒酒/鲜竹酒、竹茹和竹沥、竹浆造纸等中国竹资源化学利用主要方式和产业现状,从全产业链发展和全竹利用的视角,提出了全竹化学利用的概念和4种主要模式,包括竹酒沥炭醋联产模式、竹汁沥炭醋联产模式、竹茹沥炭醋联产模式以及机械竹浆液综合利用模式,以期为拓展竹资源利用途径和竹资源化学利用产业发展提供思路。     

绵阳市后工业景观元素比较研究

指出了以三线建设文化为主题打造的跃进路历史文化街区和126文化创意园是绵阳市两处具有代表性的后工业景观。对跃进路历史文化街区和126文化创意园的建筑、植物、景观设施等景观元素进行了比较分析,结果发现:两处景观在满足市政服务和改善生态环境功能需求的同时,通过创意景观元素,实现了现代文明与三线建设文化的融合,得以三线建设文化为主题的后工业景观成为现代城市发展建设中传承城市文化精神:诠释城市文化形象、展现地域文化特色,改善人居生态环境的重要途径。     

柚皮素的提取及其抗癌作用研究进展

指出了柚皮素属于二氢黄酮类天然化合物,是柚皮苷的苷元,具有重要的抗炎、抗菌、抗氧化、抗癌等生物学效应。柚皮素的提取方法有酸水解法、酶提取法、超临界CO_2提取法。柚皮素能作用于多种癌细胞,抑制其生长、增殖、迁移,并促进其凋亡,表现出抗癌活性。综述了柚皮素的提取和作用于不同类型的癌细胞的抗癌分子机制,并展望了量子化学技术在柚皮素抗癌作用靶向点的相互作用理论计算研究的应用前景。     

南宁市西乡塘区居住小区驳岸景观调查分析与优化研究

指出了随着人们生活质量的不断提高,水景逐渐得到城市居民的青睐,已成为评价居住环境的重要依据之一,而驳岸景观又是水景的重要组成部分,其景观质量直接影响到居住小区的整体环境质量,影响居民亲近水的行为和亲水活动,对居住小区驳岸景观进行调查研究具有积极的意义。通过实地调查和现场统计,在了解南宁市西乡塘区居住小区驳岸景观发展现状的基础上,统计分析了其水体驳岸的形式、断面设计、亲水活动空间、构筑材料和驳岸植物的配置等情况,针对存在的主要问题提出了优化建议,以期提高居住小区的驳岸景观质量。     

小水电站的数据采集

分析小水电站计量采集难的原因,因地制宜探索多种方法,解决信号弱问题。以用电采集系统为统计依据,比较改造前后的采集质量。