过瘤胃保护胆碱在反刍动物生产上的应用

过瘤胃保护胆碱(RPC),可直接添加到日粮中供饲反刍动物,不受瘤胃微生物降解。许多研究证明,RPC能提高反刍动物的生产性能改善其血液、肝脏代谢。本文简要介绍了过瘤胃保护胆碱对反刍动物的影响及作用机理,并对有待于继续研究的问题进行了探讨。     

无色酚醛胶配方的遴选

根据特许公报(B2)昭62-27114的专利,用三聚氰胺甲醛尿素树脂改性酚醛树脂,利用多元统计分析的方法和科学的分析软件Mathlab,通过多元线性回归来确定各因素(三聚氰胺、尿素、甲醛、苯酚)合成三聚氰胺甲醛尿素初期缩合树脂(A)和酚醛初期缩合树脂的水平。再通过正交分析来确定最佳配方方案。最后确定此方案合成的胶粘剂压制的胶合板强度满足国家标准对一类板要求。颜色达到了脲醛胶压制胶合板的白度。热压温度为110～120℃。每毫米板厚的热压时间为20～25s。甲醛释放量满足国家标准E1级的要求。     

球孢白僵菌制剂载体的筛选

通过将１５种不同的供试载体与球孢白僵菌孢子粉以１;１混合,放置５ｄ后,测定混合物中孢子的萌发率。将种种上载体以５％的比例加徼ＰＤＡ培养基,接种培养７ｄ后,分别测定其产孢量和菌落生长速度,通过系统聚类和方差分析,以孢子粉作对照。筛选出高岭土,、滑石粉、铁红、凹凸棒土和硅藻土５种适宜作为白僵菌制剂的载体。     

SSCP Marker Development and Analysis of Candidate Restorer Gene Rf1 for Cotton Cytoplasmic Male Sterility

[Objective] Locating the cotton cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) restorer gene Rf₁ is important for investigating restorer gene mechanisms and improving restorer lines. In our previous study, a gene cluster, with nine Pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR) genes and nine other genes, was found within the 160-kb Rf₁ target region in Scaffold 333. The objective here was to improve the density of Rf1-linked markers in the target region and determine the expression profiles of candidate genes. [Method] Using the sequences of the 18 genes, we designed 155 single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) primers covering all of the gene sequences to identify the polymorphic SSCP markers between the fertile and sterile pools. Additionally, real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was performed to analyze the expression profiles of eight candidate genes in the four developmental stages of buds of sterile, maintainer and restoring lines, respectively. [Result] In total, 15 polymorphic primers were identified. A genotype analysis of the F₂ population was conducted using the 15 primers and 3 other polymorphic simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. The markers were distributed in a 4.8 cM range. In addition, owing to the influence of sterile cytoplasm or restorer genes, most of the genes showed different expression patterns in the four developmental stages of the three lines' buds. [Conclusion] SSCP markers tightly linked to Rf₁ were identified and the expression profiles of candidate genes were determined. This study provides a basis for the further fine mapping of restorer genes and for candidate gene screening.     

Dietary supplementation of Zingiber officinale and Zingiber zerumbet to heat‐stressed broiler chickens and its effect on heat shock protein 70 expression,blood parameters and body temperature

The present study was conducted to assess the effects of dietary supplementation of Zingiber officinale and Zingiber zerumbet and to heat‐stressed broiler chickens on heat shock protein (HSP) 70 density, plasma corticosterone concentration (CORT), heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (HLR) and body temperature. Beginning from day 28, chicks were divided into five dietary groups: (i) basal diet (control), (ii) basal diet +1%Z. zerumbet powder (ZZ1%), (iii) basal diet +2%Z. zerumbet powder (ZZ2%), (iv) basal diet +1%Z. officinale powder (ZO1%) and (v) basal diet +2%Z. officinale powder (ZO2%). From day 35–42, heat stress was induced by exposing birds to 38 ± 1 °C and 80% RH for 2 h/day. Irrespective of diet, heat challenge elevated HSP70 expression, CORT and HLR on day 42. On day 42, following heat challenge, the ZZ1% birds showed lower body temperatures than those of control, ZO1% and ZO2%. Neither CORT nor HLR was significantly affected by diet. The ZO2% and ZZ2% diets enhanced HSP70 expression when compared to the control groups. We concluded that dietary supplementation of Z. officinale and Z. zerumbet powder may induce HSP70 reaction in broiler chickens exposed to heat stress.     

林木抗旱生理研究进展

从林木的表型特征、生理生化特性、抗旱分子生物学与抗旱基因表达3方面对国内外林木抗旱性研究进行综述。当前国内外学者对植物叶茎根的表形特征、渗透调节、光合生理、叶绿素荧光变化、活性氧代谢、植物激素的研究较多, 而对受干旱胁迫下林木的分子生物学与基因表达研究相对较少。最后提出了林木抗旱生理研究的主要评价方法、研究指标、研究方法与内容。随着技术的发展及相关研究的深入, 抗旱分子生物学与抗旱基因等方面的研究将成为林木抗旱生理方面的热点。     

Comparative study of the stoichiometric characteristics of karst and non-karst forests in Guizhou,China

Carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorous (P) levels and their stoichiometry in plant components (leaves, branch trunks, roots) of trees in a karst forest and non-karst forest are compared. The results show that the C contents, C:N and C:P ratios of dominant species in the karst forest were lower than those in the non-karst forest, but the N and P and the N:P ratio were higher;C:N:P ratios in plant organs of trees in the karst forest were in the order of trunks>roots>branches>leaves. However, C:N:P ratio in the non-karst forest trees were trunks>branches>roots>leaves. Moreover, ratio of C:N:P in trunks was highest and lowest in leaves in both forests. In non-karst forest trees, N:P was in the order of leaves> roots>branches>trunks. There were no significant differences in the ratio of N:P in different plant components of trees in the karst forest. However, in karst and non-karst forest trees, the ratio of N:P in leaves was highest;positive correlations between N and P contents, and N and N:P ratios were observed in both karst and non-karst forests (p<0.001). Negative correlations between P and N:P ratios (p<0.05) were observed in karst forest trees, while positive correlations were observed in non-karst forest trees.     

Color stability, reducing activity, and cytochrome c oxidase activity of five bovine muscles

The objective was to characterize the beef psoas major (PM), longissimus lumborum (LL), superficial semimembranosus (SSM), deep semimembranosus (DSM), and semitendinosus (ST) muscles for differences in instrumental and visual color, metmyoglobin-reducing activity (MRA), total reducing activity (TRA), and cytochrome c oxidase activity. The LL and ST had the most color stability and MRA (p < 0.05), the DSM and PM had the least (p < 0.05), and values for the SSM were intermediate. Visual color (r = -0.66) and a and chroma (r = 0.68) were more correlated with MRA than with TRA (r < 0.14 for all measures). This research supports previous reports that color stability among muscles is variable and that MRA is more useful than TRA for explaining the role of reducing activity in muscle-color stability.     

三板拼接式小型U形混凝土衬砌渠道冻胀破坏力学模型

研究土体冻胀对渠道混凝土衬砌结构的影响,对于保障季节性冻土地区渠道输水效率具有重要意义。以三板拼接式小型U形渠道混凝土衬砌结构为对象,研究其在冻胀作用下的受力状态。依据叠加原理将冻胀视为重力、切向冻结力、法向冻结力及法向冻胀力的共同作用,利用结构整体及局部的平衡关系,根据渠道的结构型式、破坏特征及原型观测结果,建立了衬砌结构的冻胀破坏力学模型,给出了便于设计应用的计算公式。对野外观测中的某渠道各部位内力计算结果表明,三板拼接式小型U形渠道混凝土衬砌结构以压弯为主,与实际破坏特征相吻合。刚性接缝处承受较大的轴力和剪力,是结构受力的薄弱位置。为减轻冻胀破坏程度,进一步建议衬砌板直线段倾角α在[22,26]度间取值,坡板弧段圆心角θ略大于U形渠底圆心半角,法向冻结力的合力作用点为从渠顶沿直线段向下2/3处。研究结果可以为季冻区三拼式小型U形混凝土衬砌渠道的设计提供参考依据。     

基于qPCR和LAMP技术的马铃薯晚疫病菌快速检测方法

马铃薯晚疫病菌（Phytophthora infestans）能侵染多种茄科植物,它引起的马铃薯晚疫病,是马铃薯生产中的第一大病害。为了开发能在田间快速检测马铃薯晚疫病病原的方法,利用P. infestans T30-4基因组测序数据的contig 1.18131,设计qPCR和LAMP引物,优化扩增条件后得到引物的特异性和灵敏度,最后通过检测田间收获薯块,比较形态学传统方法、qPCR及LAMP的差异。特异性检测结果发现,qPCR和LAMP仅在含有P. infestans DNA模板的体系有阳性扩增,在寄主和其他微生物DNA中均无扩增;在优化的条件下,qPCR和LAMP的检测下限可达1×10 ^-6ng/μL,在有寄主和其他微生物DNA存在的条件下,引物的灵敏度没有显著差异。利用两种快速方法对在大理、丽江及昆明3个地区田间收获薯块上检测发现,qPCR和LAMP方法得到的检出率差异极为不显著（P=0.420）,两种快速检测方法和形态学鉴定方法检出率差异极显著（P=0.009）。在大理、丽江及昆明3个地区的薯块中,两种分子检测方法检出率均比形态学方法高。其中,qPCR检测方法比形态学方法分别提高了12.00%、2.00%、8.70%;LAMP检测方法比形态学方法分别提高了11.30%、2.00%、8.70%。