链条拨秆式油菜分厢机的研制

摘要：针对油菜收获时因茎秆分枝交叉导致机收时难以分禾的实际问题,设计了一种链条拨杆式油菜分厢机,采用自走式行走底盘,配套直流变速电机做动力,采用双动力实现分禾行走独立控制,采用亚克力材质阿基米德弧线形结构设计分禾关键工作部件,设计被动式分禾转动轮实现分厢定型。试验表明,在行驶速度为0.6 m/s,拨杆上升倾角60°～70°,分禾链条线速度为1.1～1.2 m/s分禾效果较好,能够实现油菜机械化收获前的分厢作业。     

明胶涂膜保持猪背最长肌冷藏期间新鲜度

与传统的包装材料相比,冷鲜肉的明胶涂膜处理具有众多优势,这也决定其具有广阔的发展前景。为研究明胶涂膜处理对生鲜肉冷藏期间氧化稳定性和新鲜度的影响。该文以猪背最长肌为材料,研究其经过不同浓度(0%、10%、20%)明胶涂膜处理后冷藏期间的加压失水率、脂肪氧化、蛋白质氧化、血红素铁、挥发性盐基氮以及肉色的变化情况。结果表明:猪背最长肌在4℃条件下冷藏第3、5和7 d时,明胶涂膜处理组的硫代巴比妥酸反应值、蛋白质羰基、血红素铁质量分数、挥发性盐基氮值、红度值以及高铁肌红蛋白质量分数分别与对照组比较,结果均存在显著性差异(P0.05)。此外,在冷藏时间相同的条件下,10%与20%明胶涂膜处理组之间均差异不显著(P0.05)。试验证实,明胶涂膜处理有益于提高冷藏期间肉品的氧化稳定性,维系理想的肉品色泽及延长其货架期。     

噬菌体生物扩增法检测犬结核病

2006年4月12日,四川省崇州市张某将两只贵宾犬(价值80余万元)送四川农业大学兽医院就诊。病犬在成都某宠物医院按照肺炎医治16天,但效果不佳,且症状加剧。在我院经实验室检测,最后确诊为犬结核病。其中一条犬因病情严重,来我     

黑寡妇蜘蛛牵引丝单一多聚序列对蚕丝性能改良的研究

蚕丝性能的优劣决定了蚕丝的价值和使用领域。本研究人工设计和构建了包含蜘蛛丝MaSp1基因中的32倍type1序列(32×MT1)和红色荧光蛋白表达框的piggyBac转基因质粒pBac[DsRed-32×MT1],通过显微注射家蚕品种兰10蚕卵获得了能够稳定遗传的转基因家蚕品系pBac-32×MT1。经荧光显微镜筛选、插入位点分析、mRNA表达丰度检测以及茧壳蛋白检测,证明了转基因家蚕能够表达融合了蛛蛛丝蛋白和轻链蛋白的重组丝。扫描电镜观察显示,转基因家蚕茧壳和丝纤维表面的形态和结构与野生型蚕品种兰10相近。傅里叶转换红外光谱去卷积分析表明,转基因家蚕丝蛋白二级结构中与丝应力有关的β折叠含量达到63.6%,而野生型品种兰10丝蛋白的β折叠含量约为20%。蚕丝机械性能测定表明,转基因家蚕蚕丝的应力、应变和韧性比野生型家蚕丝分别提升了27.7%、10.7%和45.2%。上述结果表明,在家蚕基因组中导入MaSp1基因的type1单一多聚序列能显著增强重组丝的综合力学性能。     

黄土高原的人为开荒及其对加速侵蚀的影响

该文通过野外考察和不同时期的航片解译,对30年来,陕北黄土丘陵区及其典型小流域的人类开荒活动作了重点调查研究,并根据所取得的初步资料,结合流域的侵蚀特征及库坝淤积情况,分析讨论了开荒活动的时间变化、空间分布及其对侵蚀产沙的影响,为深入探讨人为活动与加速侵蚀的关系提供了依据。     

四川脑膜炎病例猪链球菌2型溶血素抗原表位富集区的原核表达

对2005年四川资阳脑膜炎病例猪链球菌2型分离株ZYH33溶血素编码蛋白中包含多个抗原表位的第230～593氨基酸残基区域的基因片段进行扩增并克隆.基因片段经酶切处理后插入表达载体pQE-30的BamH Ⅰ和Sal Ⅰ位点之阃,构建融合表达质粒.转化宿主菌TG1经IPTG诱导后融合基因得到了表达,用猪链球菌2型菌体抗血清对表达的融合蛋白进行免疫印迹试验,分析融合蛋白的免疫反应性.试验结果提示该溶血素蛋白第230～593氨基酸残基区域可作为猪链球菌的诊断抗原,为基因工程疫苗的研制奠定基础.     

Magnesium deficiency–induced impairment of photosynthesis in leaves of fruiting Citrus reticulata trees accompanied by up‐regulation of antioxidant metabolism to avoid photo‐oxidative damage

Limited data are available on the physiological responses of leaves from fruiting trees to magnesium (Mg) deficiency. Magnesium deficiency–induced effects on photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry in leaves of fruiting (Citrus reticulate cv. Ponkan) trees were assessed by the chlorophyll a fluorescence (OJIP) transient. Magnesium deficiency decreased leaf CO₂ assimilation and carbohydrates, but had no effect on intercellular CO₂ concentration. Activity of ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and concentrations of Chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoids (Car) decreased to a lesser extent than CO₂ assimilation. Chlorophyll a fluorescence transient from Mg‐deficient leaves had increased O step and decreased P step, accompanied by positive ΔL, ΔK, ΔJ, and ΔI bands. Magnesium deficiency decreased maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry (F_v/F_m), quantum yield of electron transport from Q<$>_A^‐<$> to the photosystem I (PSI) end electron acceptors (φ_R0), maximum amplitude of IP phase and total performance index (PI_{tot, abs}), but increased deactiviation of oxygen‐evolving complex (OEC) and energy dissipation. Magnesium‐deficient leaves had higher or similar activities of antioxidant enzymes except for lower catalase (CAT) activity, higher or similar concentrations of antioxidant metabolites, and a higher ratio of Car : Chl. Magnesium‐deficiency did not affect concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and ratios of ascorbate (ASC) to ASC + dehydroascorbate (DHA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) to GSH + oxidized glutathione (GSSG). In conclusion, Mg deficiency–induced impairment of the whole photosynthetic electron transport chain may be the main factor contributing to decreased CO₂ assimilation. Enhanced energy dissipation and antioxidant metabolism provide sufficient protection to Mg‐deficient leaves against photo‐oxidative damage.     

植物修复技术与农业生物环境工程

介绍了植物修复技术的概念、内涵、研究方法等,探讨了植物修复技术的优缺点和控制因素,指出农业生物环境工程手段的引进将有可能大幅度提高植物修复污染土壤的相对效率。     

Evaluation of the High-temperature Tolerance of Floral Organs in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

The development of floral organs in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is related to squares and yield formation. The germination percentage of pollen grains, the rate of anther dehiscence and the length of filaments and styles of 11 upland cotton cultivars were determined before and after high-temperature periods by pollen grain culture in vitro. We aimed to analyze the effects of high temperature on pollen germination in styles and on stamen characteristics. The number of pollen tubes in styles and cytological structure of anthers were also tested under simulation of high temperatures by paraffin sectioning of cotton anthers. We found that the germination percentage of pollen grains and rate of anthers dehiscence of Ke 1053, Simian 4 and the male parent of Xiangzamian 3 were greater than those of other cultivars under high field temperatures. There was no significant difference in the length ratio of filaments and styles and filaments length between 11 upland cotton cultivars under high field temperatures. After high-temperature periods in the field, the difference in pollen germination percentage, anther dehiscence, style and filament length between the 11 cultivars was not significant. The number of pollen tubes in Ke 1053, Simian 4 and the male parent of Xiangzamian 3 was greater than those of other cultivars under the high simulation temperature. The number of deformed pollen grains in anthers was also less than those of other cultivars. These results were consistent with the field conditions. This experiment indicated that germination percentage of pollen grains and the rate of anther dehiscence are useful as indicators for screening high-temperature tolerance. The length ratio of filaments and styles and the filaments length could be used as parameters for screening high-temperature tolerance cultivars.     

履带式行走机构压实作用下土壤应力分布均匀性分析

履带式行走机构因具有较小的接地压力而被逐渐应用在大型农业车辆上,以减小对土壤的压实。然而由于履带下应力分布的不均匀,导致农业车辆对土壤的最大应力并未有效减小,对土壤较长的压力作用时间反而增加了土壤被压实的风险。应力分布的不均匀还会造成履带沉陷量的增大,降低车辆在软土地面的通过性能。为了研究履带式行走机构压实作用下土壤内的应力分布规律以及如何提高应力分布的均匀性,以缓解履带车辆对土壤压实作用、提高履带车辆软地通过能力,该文采用侧断面水平钻孔埋设压力传感器的方法,测得了履带式行走机构压实作用下履带中心线横截面内0.35 m深度土壤内沿履带长度方向上的垂直及水平应力分布;同时研究了履带张紧力大小对应力分布均匀性的影响。结果表明,履带式行走机构下的垂直应力在各负重轮的轴线处呈现一个应力峰值;水平应力在各负重轮轴线的前、后方分别呈现一个应力峰值,且最小应力在轴线处。各负重轮下的应力峰值大小不同。最大垂直应力出现在履带式行走机构后端的导向轮处;最大水平应力出现在后支重轮与导向轮之间。适当减小履带张紧力能够提高垂直及水平应力分布的均匀性。履带张紧力由1.8×10⁴k Pa减小至...