河北省小麦品种高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成分析

高分子量麦谷蛋白(HMW-GS)亚基组成是决定小麦加工品质的重要蛋白组分,对小麦品质具有重要影响。本研究利用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)方法分析了148份河北省小麦品种的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成及其历史变化。结果表明:在148份小麦品种中共检测到16种HMW-GS亚基和43种亚基组合。在Glu-A1位点,有3种亚基类型,以null和1亚基为主;Glu-B1位点有7种亚基类型,以"7+9"和"7+8"亚基为主;Glu-D1位点有6种亚基类型,以"2+12"亚基类型为主。在43种亚基组合中,以"null、7+9、2+12"组合为主,其他亚基组合尤其是与品质有关的亚基组合相对较少。从河北省小麦品种HMW-GS的历史演变来看,优质蛋白亚基及其组合虽然近年来有所提高,但仍需进一步加强。     

温度对侧耳菌降解秸秆粗纤维的影响

侧耳菌在16、20、24℃3个不同环境温度下处理玉米秸秆,通过测定秸秆中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的含量,揭示在不同温度下侧耳菌对秸秆粗纤维的降解规律。结果表明,随着处理时间的延长,秸秆NDF和ADF均呈下降趋势。处理结束时,3个温度条件下NDF降解率分别达到5.27%、8.53%和9.76%,3个处理组ADF含量分别为47.86%、46.8%和46.14%,降解率分别为3.08%、5.22%和6.56%,表明侧耳菌可以降解秸秆粗纤维,并且低温环境下降解速度较慢,降解程度较低。     

Clonal production and organization of inhibitory interneurons in the neocortex

The neocortex contains excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons. Clones of neocortical excitatory neurons originating from the same progenitor cell are spatially organized and contribute to the formation of functional microcircuits. In contrast, relatively little is known about the production and organization of neocortical inhibitory interneurons. We found that neocortical inhibitory interneurons were produced as spatially organized clonal units in the developing ventral telencephalon. Furthermore, clonally related interneurons did not randomly disperse but formed spatially isolated clusters in the neocortex. Individual clonal clusters consisting of interneurons expressing the same or distinct neurochemical markers exhibited clear vertical or horizontal organization. These results suggest that the lineage relationship plays a pivotal role in the organization of inhibitory interneurons in the neocortex.     

Physiological responses and HSP70 mRNA expression of GIFT strain of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under cold stress

An investigation on the physiological responses and HSP70 expression under cold stress was conducted on Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) strain of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Tilapia were acclimated at 28°C as control and then the water temperature was reduced from 28°C to 15°C at a rate of 1°C h^?1, and serum biochemical indices, antioxidant enzymes and expression of HSP70 mRNA were analysed on days 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 5 after exposure to 15°C. The concentration of serum K, Na, Cl and Ca concentration showed instability during cold stress. Glucose rapidly increased on day 0 followed by a declining trend. Triglyceride, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein‐cholesterol signifi‐cantly decreased and high density lipoprotein‐cholesterol showed instability during cold stress. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were prominently elevated under cold stress. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities showed a remarkable rise on day 0.5 under cold stress, and gradually decreased thereafter. HSP70 mRNA level significantly increased both in liver and muscle under cold stress, especially on days 0.5 and 1. These results suggest that cold influences several physiological responses of tilapia, and the cold resistance and cold tolerance of tilapia will benefit from the enhancement of antioxidant enzymes activities and upregulated HSP70 mRNA expression.     

养殖密度对宝石鲈生长性能和血液生化指标的影响

试验对循环水养殖系统中不同养殖密度宝石鲈(50,100,150,220尾/m3)的生长性能及血液生化指标进行比较.结果表明,150尾/m3组宝石鲈的生长较有优势,其特定生长率(1.61%/d)和存活率(89%)均较高,饲料系数较低(1.70);密度对血液中的谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶和胆红素的影响显著(P＜0.05),随养殖密度增加其浓度呈上升趋势,均在220尾/m3密度组上升最多;密度对血清无机离子(钾、钠、氯、镁、磷)也有影响.综合认为循环水养殖条件下,150尾/m3养殖密度组宝石鲈生长效果较具优势.     

Effects of dietary protein to carbohydrate ratios on growth and body composition of juvenile yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (Siluriformes, Bagridae, Pelteobagrus)

The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary protein to carbohydrate ratios on growth and body composition of juvenile yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco . Nine diets were formulated to contain three protein levels (30%, 36% and 42%), each with three carbohydrate levels (24%, 30% and 36%). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 20 fish (initial mean body weight: 8.24±0.20 g) in indoor flow – through fibreglass tanks. The experiment continued for 8 weeks. Weight gain and specific growth rate were similar for the fish fed the 36% and 42% protein diets but higher than that fed the 30% protein diet. At the 36% protein level, carbohydrate contents varying from 24% to 36% ( P / E ratio of 24.0–28.2 mg protein kJ⁻¹) had no significant effects on growth performance and feed utilization ( P >0.05). Protein efficiency ratio tended to increase with dietary carbohydrate level at the same protein level. Dietary treatments significantly influenced body composition ( P <0.05), but not the condition factor, viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index and intraperitoneal fat ratio ( P >0.05). Based on these observations, 36% protein and 24–36% carbohydrate with the P / E ratio of 24.0–28.2 mg protein kJ⁻¹ seemed suitable for optimal growth and feed utilization, and carbohydrate could cause protein-sparing effect in diets for juvenile yellow catfish.     

基于最小累计阻力模型的南京市生态安全格局构建

[目的]构建科学合理的生态安全格局,为生态文明建设背景下统筹推进市域国土空间可持续发展提供参考。[方法]基于生物多样性、水资源安全、地质灾害规避对江苏省南京市生态用地重要性进行定量评价,进而识别生态源地;参考PM_(2.5)浓度、夜间灯光数据对物种迁徙的影响构建修正后的生态阻力面;通过最小累计阻力模型(MCR)构建区域生态安全格局。[结果]南京市生态源地面积490.3 km~2,基本涵盖国家级和省级自然保护地,识别结果较为合理。修正后生态阻力面的阻力值范围在0～43 854.6之间,阻力值较大的区域位于鼓楼区、秦淮区、建邺区东部等长江南岸,浦口区中部、玄武区中部、江宁区东北部等区域阻力较小,能够较好地表征区域生态过程差异。依托生态源地、缓冲区、生态廊道等核心组分,形成了"一带三区多轴"的南京市生态安全格局框架。[结论]改进后的生态安全格局构建方法行之有效,以此构建的生态安全格局框架与现有《南京市主体功能区实施规划》更加契合。     

不同灌溉方式下甘蔗光合特性

光合作用是植物干物质积累的重要过程,作物产量主要通过光合作用实现。为比较不同灌溉模式下甘蔗光合特性差异,探明其主要影响因素,以柳城05-136号为试验甘蔗品种,于2015年3月-12月在广西崇左市江州区试验基地开展6种灌溉模式甘蔗净光合速率及主要环境因子的田间观测。结果表明:地埋滴灌甘蔗净光合速率最高,平均值为29.23μmol/m2·s,无灌溉最低,为18.53μmol/m2·s,地埋滴灌分别比无灌溉、管灌、喷灌、微喷和地表滴灌高57.74%、23.54%、12.68%、9.68%和2.56%,灌溉能显著提高甘蔗的光合速率(P0.05)。通径分析结果显示,土壤含水率、空气温度和土壤肥力是影响甘蔗净光合速率的主要环境因子,但各灌溉模式之间主要影响因子存在差异,无灌溉和地埋滴灌土壤肥力的影响较为显著,地表滴灌则是土壤含水率和速效氮的影响较为显著,管灌模式主要影响因子为土壤速效钾和空气温度,而喷灌和微喷模式的主要影响因子均为土壤含水率和空气温度。采用地埋滴灌模式更有利于研究区域甘蔗净光合速率的提升,此外,针对不同灌溉模式的主要影响因子进行合理调控可有效提高甘蔗净光合速率,从而提高甘蔗产量。     

树干液流及其主要影响因子对摘芽强度的响应

为了探讨摘芽强度对树木液流变化特征及其主要环境调控因子的影响,为人工林及果园等高效抚育管理提供参考,该研究以毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)为研究对象,设置4种摘芽处理(不摘芽CK、轻度摘芽BP1.0、中度摘芽BP1.5、重度摘芽BP2.0),采用热扩散式液流检测技术,结合自动气象站,对造林后第2～3个生长...     

畜禽舍移动式智能监测平台研制

畜禽养殖场内温度、湿度及各种气体构成畜禽生长的外围环境,直接影响畜禽日常行为和生长速度及免疫状态。对这些畜禽养殖场内进行检测并监控畜禽健康状态及寻找二者间的联系,对优化养殖环境,发展健康养殖具有重要意义。该研究以STM32单片机为控制核心,在固定点传感器外设置移动式智能监测平台,通过无线定位系统UWB（Ultra Wide Band）和集成传感器对畜禽养殖场内环境进行监测,利用带图传功能摄像头和红外测温装置实时监控畜禽状态。传感器获取信息后将数据以UART、IIC或模拟量输出方式传递给STM32,STM32处理数据后通过物联网WIFI模块上传至阿里云IoT（The Internet of Things）物联网平台,用户登录网页页面即可对数据进行远程访问,并对畜禽状态进行实时监控。实测结果表明,智能检测平台检测数据与猪场内布置的传感器检测结果相近,二者偏差小于10%,在无遮挡情况下布置无线定位系统,定位误差接近10 cm级。系统检测数据可信,数据传输正常,可持续长时间稳定运行。机动平台还开发了搬运功能,单次运送能力为200 kg左右。移动式智能监测平台为畜禽养殖场内实现全范围环境监控提供了设备基础。