两种中药方剂对猪流感的防治效果比较试验

本文对自行研制的中草药方剂疏风清热散与银翘散对猪流感的防治效果进行对比试验.在猪流感抗体阴性试验场临床健康猪群中随机选取60头体重(约30 kg)和体况基本一致的猪,随机分成3个组,每组20头,第1组和第2组分别为疏风清热散和银翘散试验组,第3组为对照组(不给药).预防效果试验给药1/5荆/(d·头),粉碎均匀分2次拌入料中喂服;治疗效果试验给药1剂/(d·头),煎后分2次喂服,给药时间均为5 d.结果显示,两种方荆对预防和治疗猪流感均有较好效果.但疏风清热散的防治作用优于银翘散.     

基于LMPSO-SVM的高光谱水稻稻瘟病害分级检测

为减少水稻产量损失,迫切需要建立快速、准确的水稻叶瘟监测和鉴别方法。本文以东北水稻为研究对象,以小区试验为基础,使用高光谱图像仪获取受稻瘟病菌侵染后不同发病程度的水稻叶片高光谱图像并提取光谱数据。首先,通过SG平滑方法对光谱数据进行预处理,然后运用主成分分析(PCA)、Pearson相关系数分析法(PCCs)、PLS-VIP方法对光谱数据进行降维,并提出了一种基于Logistic混沌映射PSO寻优的SVM分级检测模型(LMPSO-SVM)。为了验证提出方法的有效性,以不同降维方法提取的特征变量为输入,分别建立基于人工神经网络(ANN)、支持向量机(SVM)和PSO-SVM的分级模型并进行对比分析。仿真结果表明,各模型对4级病害的识别效果最好,综合5种级别病害,SVM和ANN分级模型的预测准确率波动相对较大,对于病害预测效果不太理想;而在不同特征选择下建立的LMPSO-SVM分级模型对各级病害预测准确率均较高,准确率波动较小,其中基于PCA提取特征变量和全波段作为输入的模型平均准确率非常相近,分别为96.49%和96.12%,PCA提取的输入变量仅为5个,大大简化了模型复杂性,降低了训练...     

湖南省长沙市宠物医院犬弓形虫病血清学调查

为了解湖南省长沙市宠物犬弓形虫感染状况,2017—2018年对长沙市宠物监测点的犬只抽样,采用间接酶联免疫方法进行弓形虫抗体检测。2017年共抽检血清707份,发现抗体阳性率为9.34%;2018年抽检血清711份,发现抗体阳性率为8.02%,较2017年稍微下降。从不同地区比较,天心区弓形虫感染率较高,均在13%以上;芙蓉区、岳麓区阳性率出现下降趋势,其中芙蓉区下降最快,从9.88%下降到4.79%,岳麓区从10.20%下降到6.98%;其他两区阳性率维持在7%～9%之间,相对平衡。对不同犬种、性别、年龄及季节进行比较分析发现,不同品种犬的弓形虫感染情况有差异,萨摩、中华田园、雪纳瑞、博美、柯基等犬种的阳性率相对偏高,在10%以上;犬弓形虫感染与性别关联性不大,差异不显著(P=0.086, 0.05);1岁以上犬的阳性率明显高于1岁以下犬,差异显著(P=0.012,0.05);不同季节犬只的弓形虫抗体阳性率差异显著(P=0,0.05)。调查表明:长沙市城区存在一定的犬弓形虫流行,整体呈下降趋势;犬弓形虫感染与年龄、季节相关,年龄越大阳性率越高,冬季更易感染。建议加强犬类管理,向饲养者普及相关饲养及弓形虫病预防知识,尤其是弓形虫感染严重地区;定期做好弓形虫检查和驱虫工作,重点关注感染率较高的犬种和1岁以上犬,尤其是冬季。本研究初步摸清了长沙市城区宠物犬弓形虫的感染程度及分布特点,为今后弓形虫病防控提供了数据支撑。     

粳稻杂种劣势的遗传及表型特性分析

杂种优势是自然界的一种普遍现象,但在杂交水稻育种实践中也时常发现杂种劣势现象,为了更好地阐明杂交育种理论和揭示品种本质有必要对杂种劣势的遗传机理进行更深层次的研究。本研究旨在通过两个韩国粳稻品种(Aranghyangchalbyeo和Sanghaehyangheolua)及其正反交后代(F1,F2)特性的比较,解析水稻杂种劣势的表型、类别及其遗传模式。形态学分析表明,正反交F1植株的劣势表现均明显、稳定且不受环境影响,主要农艺性状的中亲劣势值均为负值,其中F1的株高、分蘖数和结实率与亲本相比显著降低(P<0.01);F1劣势表现从发芽后第5d开始,地下部的劣势表现比地上部更为明显。细胞组织结构观察表明,分蘖盛期F1劣势植株叶片发育正常,而其根部气腔发育较亲本迟缓,从而阻碍了地上部与地下部的通气情况,因此也影响了整个植株的正常生长。遗传学分析发现,该劣势组合成熟期F2群体中正常与劣势植株呈现7:9的分离,结合分蘖盛期该F2群体株高的分离模式,推断该杂种劣势的表型是由两个互补的显性基因控制。该研究结果为揭示杂种劣势的多样性及分子遗传机制提供了新思路。     

分子标记辅助改良培矮64S稻瘟病抗性

为提高我国大面积应用的两系光温敏不育系培矮64S的稻瘟抗性,本研究通过杂交转育与分子标记选择相结合的途径,利用RM3330与RM262为标记,将Pi25与Pi-d(t)基因成功聚合于培矮64S中,经抗性、不育性、综合农艺性状评价,获得了5个基因型纯合且农艺性状稳定的F8代抗性改良候选不育系。抗性鉴定结果显示,抗性改良候选不育系及其抗性组合的叶瘟病情指数平均降幅为18.78%和23.24%,穗颈瘟病情指数平均降幅为18.58%和58.45%,抗性提高幅度极显著。育性观测结果表明抗性改良候选不育系不育度都在99.5%以上,柱头外露降低5.64%,包颈粒率降低8.55%。经济性状调查结果显示不育系除穗粒数下降、有效穗增加外,其余经济性状变化不明显;试配的杂交组合平均理论产量和实际产量比对照提高16.22%和6.89%,增产极显著。这些结果表明,通过Pi25与Pi-d(t)基因的导入显著提高了培矮64S稻瘟病抗性,获得了实用的光温敏不育系新材料。     

甘薯块根储藏蛋白(Sporamin)启动子克隆及功能验证

提取甘薯“川薯34”总DNA,设计引物,通过高保真PCR扩增获得了长为1 144bp的甘薯储藏蛋白(Sporamin)基因启动子SpoA-p.PLACE在线分析表明:Sporamin启动子具有基本的启动子元件CAAT-box,并包含大量与储藏蛋白表达相关、抗逆相关及蔗糖表达相关的功能组件.构建植物表达载体pBI-SpoA-p::GUS、农杆菌工程菌株EHA105:pBI-SpoA-p::GUS后导入烟草及甘薯,分别得到15株烟草和10株甘薯的阳性转基因植株,GUS染色分析表明烟草各部位中只在根中有基因表达,甘薯根、茎和叶各部位未检测到活性.5％蔗糖诱导处理24 h后,在烟草根、茎及叶均观察到GUS活性;在甘薯中只有根有GUS活性.因此,可以看出此启动子为甘薯根部特异的表达启动子,并受蔗糖诱导而表达.     

A major genome region underlying artemisinin resistance in malaria

Evolving resistance to artemisinin-based compounds threatens to derail attempts to control malaria. Resistance has been confirmed in western Cambodia and has recently emerged in western Thailand, but is absent from neighboring Laos. Artemisinin resistance results in reduced parasite clearance rates (CRs) after treatment. We used a two-phase strategy to identify genome region(s) underlying this ongoing selective event. Geographical differentiation and haplotype structure at 6969 polymorphic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 91 parasites from Cambodia, Thailand, and Laos identified 33 genome regions under strong selection. We screened SNPs and microsatellites within these regions in 715 parasites from Thailand, identifying a selective sweep on chromosome 13 that shows strong association (P = 10(-6) to 10(-12)) with slow CRs, illustrating the efficacy of targeted association for identifying the genetic basis of adaptive traits.     

油茶良种‘华鑫’

‘华鑫’是从普通油茶实生林分中选育的高产油茶良种,属霜降籽类型,鲜果平均单果质量48.83g,最大单果质量66.30g,鲜出籽率52.56%,干籽含油率39.97%,盛果期产量1050kg·hm-2以上,具有高产、稳产、抗性强等特点。     

Tyrosinase inhibition constituents from the roots of Morus australis

The phytochemical profiles of Morus australis roots, stems and twigs were firstly compared by HPLC analysis. It was found that Morus australis stem extract mainly contained one known tyrosinase inhibitor, oxyresveratrol, while its root and twig extract might contain some unknown potential tyrosinase inhibitors. The root extract of Morus australis was further investigated in this study. One new compound, austraone A, together with 21 known compounds, was isolated and their structures were identified by interpretation of MS and NMR data. In the tyrosinase inhibitory testing, some of them, such as oxyresveratrol, moracenin D, sanggenon T, and kuwanon O, exhibited stronger tyrosinase inhibitory activities than that of kojic acid. These results suggested the Morus australis root extract as a good source of natural tyrosinase inhibitors with a great potential to be used in foods as anti-browning agents and in cosmetics as skin-whitening agents.     

Cytotoxic sesquiterpenes and lignans from Saussurea deltoidea

Two new sesquiterpenes deltoiden A (1) and deltoiden B (2), and two new lignans deltoignan A (9) and deltoignan B (10), together with 14 known compounds, including six sesquiterpenes 3-8 and three lignans 11-13, were isolated from the whole plant of Saussurea deltoidea. Compounds 3-8 and 11-17 were isolated for the first time from this plant. Their structures were established by spectroscopic analysis, including 2D-NMR spectroscopic techniques. Cytotoxicities of compounds 1-13 were tested against three cancer cell lines A549, Hela and SMMC-7721. Results showed that 5, 6 and 7 exhibited cytotoxicity against SMMC-7721 with the IC(50) values of 6.49, 9.53, 1.23 μg/ml, 5 and 7 against A549 with the IC(50) values of 4.99 and 5.35 μg/ml, 5, 6, 7, 13 against Hela with the IC(50) values of 1.40, 4.75, 0.93 and 5.42 μg/ml, respectively. The structure-activity relationships of sesquiterpenes 1-8 were discussed on the base of cytotoxic results.