Specific Features of Chernozemic Soils in the Area of the Khoper Deep Fault in the Earth Crust

Eurasian Soil Science - Chernozemic soils (Voronezh oblast, Russia) are affected by the endogenous hydrogen fluid. The chemical properties of ordinary chernozems (Haplic Chernozems) are shown to be...     

Tritium Distribution in Soil in the Area of “Atomic” Lake near the Semipalatinsk Test Site

Eurasian Soil Science - Data on concentrations and distribution of tritium in soils of the “Atomic” Lake excavation explosion area of Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (Kazakhstan, East...     

Microbial Biomass,Carbon Stocks,and CO2 Emission in Soils of Franz Josef Land: High-Arctic Tundra or Polar Deserts?

Eurasian Soil Science - The biomass of prokaryotes and fungi, organic carbon stocks, and CO2 emission were studied in the Cryosols and Leptosols of Franz Josef Land. The highest carbon stocks were...     

The Impact of Pesticides on the Microbial Community of Agrosoddy-Podzolic Soil

Eurasian Soil Science - The impact of three types of pesticides (herbicide metribuzin, insecticide imidacloprid, and fungicide benomyl) on the structure of microbial complexes and indicators of...     

Changes in Physical Properties of Chernozems under the Impact of No-Till Technology

Eurasian Soil Science - This article presents the results of research on the impact of no-till technology on the natural bulk density and macro- and microaggregate composition of the topsoil...     

TRMM在海河流域南系的降水估算精度评价及其对SWAT模型的适用性

准确估算区域降水对水文过程评价和水资源管理意义重大。为评估TRMM 3B42V7降水产品在海河流域南系的估算精度及其在土壤和水评估模型(Soil and Water Assessment Tool,SWAT)中的适用性,利用28个气象站降水观测数据(2007-2016年)和101个雨量站观测数据(2010-2016年)开展研究。研究表明:站点尺度上,3B42V7降水产品对月降水估算的均方根误差小于15 mm,平均误差小于8.5 mm;在湿润季节的估算精度更好。流域尺度上,日降水估算精度较差,相关系数小于0.6。分区尺度上,3B42V7能够很好地捕捉到不同等级降水强度,但对微量降雨有所低估;山区和平原的年降水量均出现高估现象,平原区较为突出;此外,3B42V7能够较好地捕捉到研究区内极端降水的时间和空间分布。分2种情景进行水文模拟,利用月平均流量对模型进行校准和验证,在情景Ⅰ中,验证期模拟结果较好,决定系数在0.56~0.96之间,纳什效率系数在-11.09~0.94之间。TRMM 3B42V7可为海河流域及其类似区域的水资源管理提供参考。     

以鸭脚稗秸秆和稻草作为粗饲料对杂交奶牛常量和微量营养素利用和产奶量的影响

在印度南部,鸭脚稗秸秆和稻草是主要的粗饲料来源。因此用鸭脚稗秸秆和稻草作为粗饲料饲喂杂交奶牛来研究营养利用率、产奶量和牛奶组成。每组日粮用精料、青饲料和粗饲料以30∶45∶25的比例组成(干物质)。在为期50d的消化试验中,每7d对饲料、饲草、粪便、尿液和奶液混合采样,进行常量和微量营养素的分析。鸭脚稗秸秆含有更高的粗蛋白质、钙、磷、镁、铜、锌和钴,稻草含有更高的酸性洗涤纤维、灰分和无水硅酸。饲喂鸭脚稗秸秆的奶牛干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和大多微量营养素(钙、磷、镁、锌、铁、锰和钴)的摄入量显著增高,并且,饲喂鸭脚稗秸秆的奶牛对干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维的消化率显著增高,钙、铜、锰、钴的肠道吸收率也显著增高。在每组日粮中,微量营养素都能满足奶牛需要量,但稻草组钙含量(0.40%)低于鸭脚稗秸秆组(0.60%)。鸭脚稗秸秆组的平均产奶量(7.0L/头)高于稻草组(6.3L/头)。奶液组成没有差异,仅有乳脂率(4.7%和4.5%),稻草组偏低。上述结果表明鸭脚稗秸秆是一种优于稻草的粗饲料,当稻草作为唯一的粗饲料饲喂奶牛时,需要额外添加钙来满足产奶需要。     

Chemical Review of Gorgostane-Type Steroids Isolated from Marine Organisms and Their 13C-NMR Spectroscopic Data Characteristics

Gorgostane steroids are isolated from marine organisms and consist of 30 carbon atoms with a characteristic cyclopropane moiety. From the pioneering results to the end of 2021, isolation, biosynthesis, and structural elucidation using ¹³C-NMR will be used. Overall, 75 compounds are categorized into five major groups: gorgost-5-ene, 5,6-epoxygorgostane, 5,6-dihydroxygorgostane, 9,11-secogorgostane, and 23-demethylgorgostane, in addition to miscellaneous gorgostane. The structural diversity, selectivity for marine organisms, and biological effects of gorgostane steroids have generated considerable interest in the field of drug discovery research.     

A radial immunodiffusion enzyme assay for detection of antibody to equine rhinopneumonitis virus (EHV-1) in horse serum

A radial immunodiffusion enzyme assay (RIDEA) was developed for detection and quantitation of antibodies to equine herpes virus-1 (EHV-1) in horse sera. The detection and quantitation of EHV-1 antibody levels were based on the diameter of the radial diffusion zone of specific antibody in each serum sample reacting with EHV-1 antigen. The circular zone was made visible using peroxidase-conjugated rabbit anti-horse immunoglobulin G and a substrate containing hydrogen peroxide. The results of the RIDEA were compared with those of virus neutralization (VN) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and found to be highly correlated. The relative sensitivity and specificity (percentage of agreement with VN test) were found to be 98.2 and 92.5%, respectively. Because the test procedure is relatively easy to perform, the RIDEA could be used as a field test to detect antibodies to EHV-1 in horses.     

Arboviruses recovered from sentinel livestock in northern Australia

Over 700 arboviruses were recovered between 1981 and 1987 from the blood of sentinel livestock near Darwin. Twenty-three isolates were made from sheep, goats, swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and horses, and the remainder were from cattle. The isolates have been typed as 27 separate viruses belonging to the bluetongue, epizootic haemorrhagic disease, Palyam, Simbu, bovine ephemeral fever, Tibrogargan and alphavirus groups. Ten of these viruses have not been isolated elsewhere in Australia and four have been isolated only in Darwin. Considerable annual variations in virus activity and in the durations of detectable viraemia were observed.