不同辣椒炭疽病菌对唑菌酯的敏感性差异

辣椒炭疽病是辣椒生产上的重要病害,严重制约辣椒生产,唑菌酯防治辣椒炭疽病的相关研究未见报道。为此,本研究利用菌丝生长速率法测定了4种不同炭疽病菌对唑菌酯的敏感性,并对其作用靶标基因细胞色素b基因(Cytb)进行比较分析。结果表明:唑菌酯对Colletotrichum brevisporum YYGXZ07,C.truncatum CZHP03,C.acutatum HHBY48和C.gloeosporioides CSLL11的EC50分别为0.098、3.363、10.156和31.982μg/mL,而且供试菌株在含药培养基上的生长速率排序为C.truncatum CZHP03C.brevisporum YYGXZ07C.acutatum HHBY48C.gloeosporioides CSLL11;不同菌株的作用靶标基因细胞色素b氨基酸比对分析发现C.acutatum HHBY48、C.truncatum CZHP03和C.brevisporum YYGXZ07与C.gloeosporioides CSLL11的Cytb氨基酸序列同源性分别为82.98%、88.30%和87.77%,推测6个氨基酸位点可能与菌株对唑菌酯的敏感性存在关联。     

不同时间尺度上枣树树干液流的变异特性

为探寻枣树树干液流在不同深度和不同方位的变异特性,提高黄土丘陵区枣树蒸腾耗水量研究精度,在陕西省米脂县远志山红枣试验示范基地采用热扩散式探针(TDP)分别研究了枣树不同方位和不同深度的树干液流速率。结果表明:(1)不同方位探针监测结果间存在差异,研究时间尺度不同,各方位监测结果间的差异显著性不同,差异显著性大小表现为时尺度日尺度月尺度。(2)不同深度探针监测结果间存在差异,随研究时间尺度的不同,不同深度探针监测结果间的差异显著性不同,差异显著性大小表现为时尺度日尺度月尺度。(3)在树干北侧和深度为20 mm的TDP监测值计算生育期耗水量更准确。     

DArTseq physical mapping of QTLs linked to Karnal bunt (Tilletia indica) resistance in two historical wheat populations

Karnal bunt, a disease of wheat, durum, rye, and triticale, is subject to strict quarantine restrictions worldwide. The disease is considered a major threat to food security, due to its use as a non-tariff trade barrier by several wheat-importing countries. In this paper, we analysed seven years of phenotypic data to search for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with resistance in common wheat, validated the QTLs using an independent population, and assessed the potential of genomic selection as a tool for pre-emptive breeding. The QTL study used phenotypic data collected from artificially inoculated field experiments involving two historical Karnal bunt resistance populations: WH542 × HD29 and WH542 × W485. QTL analyses detected four significant (p < 0.001) QTLs on chromosomes 1A, 3A, 4B, and 6B, which explained between 13.7% and 15.7% of the phenotypic variation. A panel of 130 cultivars was used to validate QTL effects. These were genotyped with the same DArTseq protocol, and two of the four QTLs were significantly (p < 0.001) associated with Karnal bunt resistance in the validation panel. The potential of genomic selection was investigated by comparing accuracies of a model trained with all available markers and a model based solely on validated QTL information from the biparental populations. Genomic prediction accuracy, based on the two scenarios, averaged 0.43 and 0.33, respectively, suggesting that even in situations where phenotyping is difficult due to quarantine restrictions, the prospects for pre-emptive breeding against Karnal bunt are encouraging, and resources are now available that will reduce the cost burden.     

Interaction mechanism and kinetics of ferrous sulfide and manganese oxides in aqueous system

Journal of Soils and Sediments - The oxidation of ferrous sulfide (FeS) causes soil acidification and the release of toxic heavy metal ions. Manganese oxides usually participate in the oxidation of...     

Effects of replacing fishmeal with soybean protein concentrate (SPC) on growth,blood biochemical indexes,non-specific immune enzyme activity,and nutrient apparent digestibility for juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei

Aquaculture International - An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary soy protein concentrate (SPC) levels on growth, blood biochemical indexes, non-specific...     

Intelligent fish farm—the future of aquaculture

Aquaculture International - With the continuous expansion of aquaculture scale and density, contemporary aquaculture methods have been forced to overproduce resulting in the accelerated imbalance...     

Larval fish fauna of a sandy beach and an estuary on Okinawa Island,focusing on larval habitat utilization by the suborder Gobioidei

The Ryukyu Archipelago has a diverse fish fauna, but there have been no comprehensive studies of the larval fish fauna of its coastal habitats. The present study therefore investigated the species composition of larval fish communities on the sandy beach of Sedake and in the estuary of Teima Stream at Oh-ura Bay on Okinawa Island. In total, 12,067 individuals comprising 131 or more species that belong to 114 genera and 48 families were collected at night using a small seine net from January to December 1999. The suborder Gobioidei was the dominant taxon in this collection (86 %) and comprised 53 or more species. Most gobioids were postflexion larvae of amphidromous and estuarine species, at the stage just before they recruited to their adult habitats. Body lengths showed little variance within species. This suggests that they do not spend most of their pelagic larval lives in the estuary and on the sandy beach. These environments appear to be the route by which pelagic larvae move to their adult habitats. However, Rhinogobius and Tridentiger postflexion larvae displayed greater variance in body length and development, suggesting that they stay near the shoreline throughout this larval period.     

Performance of L-493 Macroprous Resin for Adsorption of Trihalomethanes from Water

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have gained increasing attention as an effective pathway for wastewater treatment and electrical energy recovery. In this study, the...     

Growth and yield of oleic sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under drip irrigation in very strongly saline soils

A four-year trial was set up to test the feasibility of growing oleic sunflower in a very strongly saline wasteland with drip irrigation in the Ningxia plain of Northwest China. The soil salinity expressed as electrical conductivity of the saturation paste extract (EC _e ) was around 28 dS/m, and soil nutrient was deficient in the upper 120 cm depth. The experiment included five soil matric potential (SMP) treatments, with the SMP at 20-cm depth immediately under the emitters maintained to be higher than ?5, ?10, ?15, ?20 and ?25 kPa after sunflower establishment. Drip irrigation consistently created a favourable soil moisture and low-salinity region in the root zone when the SMP was maintained higher than ?25 kPa. The sunflower dry seed yield decreased by 3.8 % for each unit increase in seasonal average soil salinity in the root zone. Plant vegetative growth, yield characteristics, irrigation frequency and irrigation amount all increased with the increase in SMP from ?25 to ?5 kPa, and the highest irrigation water use efficiency was available when the SMP was between ?10 and ?15 kPa (the amount of applied water was around 750 mm). Leaching of salts by drip irrigation gradually turned the very strongly saline soil into a moderately saline soil. This research suggests that drip irrigation can be successfully used in oleic sunflower cultivation in this highly saline soil and a SMP threshold between ?10 and ?15 kPa is suggested for irrigation scheduling.     

主要热带果树煤烟病的为害性及病原菌种类研究

在海南等地的调查、测定结果表明,煤烟病对热带果树有一定为害性。在特别重病的情况下,芒果产量损失９．８％;芒果品种间对煤烟病抗病性有明显的差异。经鉴定,芒果、荔枝、柑桔、人心果、油梨、番石榴的煤烟病有８种;其中Ｍｏｌｉｏｌａ ｓｐｐ。,Ｔｒｉｐｏｓｐｅｒｍｕｍ ｓｐｐ．,Ｃａｐｎｏｄｉｕｍ ｓｐｐ．为优势种群。