电容法估测植物根系生物量研究

以玉米(Zea mays)和黄豆(Glycine max)为材料,通过对其根系电容的测量试验,结合根系收获法,探讨不同测试频率下根系电容值和根系生物量的关系,以期为进一步补充和完善植物根系特征快速无损检测技术提供一定的参考价值.结果表明:玉米、黄豆2种作物根系电容均随根系生物量的增加而增大;4种频率下(0.1, 0.12, 1和10 kHz)根系电容值与生物量均成极显著线性正相关(P <0.01);回归分析表明,1 kHz频率下2种作物根系电容值随生物量变化趋势较稳定,分辨率较高,回归方程的拟合度最好(R >0.9).因此,4种频率条件下,玉米、黄豆根系的电容特性都能较好地反映根系生物量的变化,其中,1 kHz为最适测定频率.     

农业科研单位基地建设管理

基地建设项目的实施已经成为科研单位一项非常重要的工作,尤其是试验基地的建设为农业科研的发展提供了基础保障。本文对农业基地建设项目管理存在的问题进行简要分析, 同时对科研单位如何进一步做好农业基地建设项目提出若干建议。     

RNAi-mediated suppression of the abscisic acid catabolism gene Os ABA8ox1 increases abscisic acid content and tolerance to saline–alkaline stress in rice(Oryza sativa L.)

Saline–alkaline(SA) stress is characterized by high salinity and high alkalinity(high p H), which severely inhibit plant growth and cause huge losses in crop yields worldwide. Here we show that a moderate elevation of endogenous abscisic acid(ABA) levels by RNAi-mediated suppression of Os ABA8 ox1(Os ABA8 ox1-kd), a key ABA catabolic gene, significantly increased tolerance to SA stress in rice plants. We produced Os ABA8 ox1-kd lines in two different japonica cultivars, Dongdao 4 and Nipponbare. Compared with nontransgenic control plants(WT), the Os ABA8 ox1-kd seedlings accumulated 25.9%–55.7% higher levels of endogenous ABA and exhibited reduced plasmalemma injury, ROS accumulation and Na;/K;ratio, and higher survival rates, under hydroponic alkaline conditions simulated by 10, 15, and 20 mmol L-1 of Na;CO;. In pot trials using SA field soils of different alkali levels(p H 7.59, 8.86, and 9.29), Os ABA8 ox1–kd plants showed markedly higher seedling survival rates and more vigorous plant growth, resulting in significantly higher yield components including panicle number(85.7%–128.6%), spikelets per panicle(36.9%–61.9%), branches(153.9%–236.7%), 1000–kernel weight(20.0%–28.6%), and percentage of filled spikelets(96.6%–1340.8%) at harvest time. Under severe SA soil conditions(p H = 9.29, EC = 834.4 μS cm-1),Os ABA8 ox1-kd lines showed an 194.5%–1090.8% increase in grain yield per plant relative to WT plants.These results suggest that suppression of Os ABA8 ox1 to increase endogenous ABA levels provides a new molecular approach for improving rice yield in SA paddies.     

奶牛全混合日粮添加过瘤胃脂肪饲养效果对比试验研究

[目的]为了研究日粮中添加过瘤胃脂肪能够有效降低奶牛产后负平衡效果.[方法]本试验选用围产期(产前3～4周)健康的奶牛48头,按照年龄、体重、胎次、体况评分、预产期相同或相近的原则,参考上胎产奶量或母亲产奶量等指标随机分为试验组和对照组,在试验组日粮中添加过瘤胃脂肪300 g/头·日,试验期145 d.[结果]表明:试验组日产奶量提高1.96 kg,产后初次配种间隔缩短8.86 d,差异极显著(P＜0.01);对奶牛体况的改善也有一定的作用,特别是对头胎牛的体况改善明显.[结论]在奶牛全混合日粮中添加过瘤胃脂肪可提高奶牛产奶量、繁殖性能,改善体况.     

长株潭土地流转与补偿安置情况调查

在"两型社会"建设背景下,农户土地流转方式、农户流转意愿、政府补偿安置措施有所改变.选择长株潭为研究区,采用问卷调查和实地走访方式,就土地流转与补偿安置等问题进行研究并提出了相应对策.调查结果表明,土地流转向集约方向发展,流转方式多样,补偿安置方式多样,农户土地流转意愿较强,对补偿安置方式较满意,但是长沙、株洲、湘潭三地区又有所差异.     

Predicting the Dairy Cow Somatic Cell Number of Ningxia Area Based on ARIMA Model

Through dairy herd improvement (DHI) data analysis to predict somatic cell count (SCC) of Ningxia area in time, which providing a reference for the prevention and treatment of mastitis in dairy cows, making the DHI data more effective and timely in guiding the dairy industry production. Using the difference method to make the average cow somatic cell data form September 2011 to February 2016 stabled, then used the seasonal ARIMA model to analysis, fitting and forecasting data. The auto.arima function of R software had been used to calculate the optimal time series that finally confirmed the model was ARIMA (1,1,0)(1,1,0)_[12], AIC was -3.67. The Acf test showed that the residual had no significant autocorrelation; Ljung-Box test showed that all P-value>0.5, indicating that the residual was white noise, and this model could be used to make predication for the next 24 months. The forecast function of the R software was used to predict the dairy cows SCC from March 2016 to February 2017, and the forecast map was drawn. The predicted results showed that the SCC of the entire Ningxia area were showing a downward trend. The SCC would be the least in January 2017,and the predictive value was about 253 100 per mL. It would be the largest in March 2016, was about 439 600 per mL. The results also showed that the dairy cows SCC in Ningxia was higher than the critical value of 20 million of subclinical mastitis. It suggested that the prevention and treatment of dairy cow mastitis need to be strengthened in Ningxia area. At the same time, if the data of the dairy cows SCC was added in timely, the data model should be updated to make it more close to the true value, which would be more meaningful to the actual instruction.     

青海湖2种高寒嵩草湿草甸湿地生态系统水热通量比较

基于涡度相关技术,研究了2015年青海湖2种高寒嵩草湿草甸湿地生态系统水热通量的特征。结果表明:(1)2015年青海湖高寒藏嵩草和小嵩草湿草甸湿地生态系统日平均水汽通量分别为1.74,0.99mm,年水汽通量分别为633.3,362.1mm。(2)青海湖2种高寒嵩草湿草甸湿地生态系统感热、潜热和净辐射日变化均呈单峰曲线,感热和潜热月平均日变化最大值出现的时间均晚于净辐射。藏嵩草湿草甸湿地生态系统感热月均日变化最大值最大为179.06W/m~2,最小为46.02W/m~2;潜热最大为312.55W/m~2,最小为30.58 W/m~2;小嵩草湿草甸湿地生态系统感热月均日变化最大值最大为161.86 W/m~2,最小为31.60 W/m~2;潜热最大为215.44 W/m~2;最小为14.08 W/m~2。(3)通过波文比分析发现,2种高寒嵩草湿草甸湿地生态系统生长季能量分配以潜热为主,非生长季小嵩草湿草甸湿地生态系统能量分配以感热为主,藏嵩草湿草甸湿地生态系统则较为复杂。藏嵩草湿草甸湿地生态系统全年能量平衡率为0.82,小嵩草湿草甸湿地生态系统为0.89,增加土壤热通量项能改善能量平衡状况。     

智慧旅游背景下旅游服务供应链模型构建及运行机制研究

旅游节点企业、旅游流、旅游物流、旅游服务信息流与资金流是旅游服务供应链的基本构成要素,其中旅游流是旅游服务供应链的最终归宿。智慧旅游的发展为旅游服务供应链的优化提供了条件,构建以旅游电子商务平台为旅游服务集成商并有效整合其他构成要素的智能化旅游服务供应链,能有效耦合旅游供需。通过优化预期损益值,旅游者和相关企业选择智能化旅游服务供应链的几率大大提高。智能化的整合机制、引导机制、协调机制、合作机制等保障了旅游服务供应链的高效运转,使精益旅游服务的提供及其与旅游需求的有效对接常态化。     

城市行道树生长衰弱原因探析及对策

从道路拓宽改造、临街门市人为损坏、融雪剂影响以及病虫害危害等四个方面分析了城市行道树生长衰弱的原因,提出了要从规划设计、加强对临街商铺和道路改造施工队伍管理、树势复壮、降低融雪剂危害和病虫害防治角度改善行道树生长环境,促进城市行道树良好生长,发挥其应有的生态调节功能。     

平衡施肥对油用向日葵养分吸收分配规律的影响

为了明确配合施用NPK肥对油用向日葵(油葵)养分吸收分配规律的影响,在河套灌区进行了田间试验。结果表明:增施NPK肥均有增产效果,且氮肥钾肥磷肥;1 kg N、P2O5和K2O分别增产葵花籽2.3、2.7和7.2 kg,施用N、P2O5和K2O养分利用率分别为24.4%、10.5%和50.1%,生产100 kg油葵籽实吸收N、P2O5和K2O分别为5.02、1.62和7.64 kg。干物质和NPK养分积累均表现为前期慢、中期快、后期又慢的"S"生长曲线变化规律,可用阻滞方程y=k/(1+aebx)进行模拟。油葵全株吸收的K最多,N次之,P最少,出苗后70 d是养分从营养器官向生殖器官转移的转折点,收获时N和P主要集中在籽实中,K主要分配在茎秆中。