优质高产杂交双季晚籼A优338的选育及利用

A优338是湖北省黄冈市农业科学院用自育不育系A4A与恢复系R338配组而成的杂交晚稻新组合,该组合具有米质优、产量高、抗倒伏和易制种等特点.阐述了A优338的选育经过、特征特性及栽培制种技术要点.     

香菇新品种‘申香215’

‘申香215’香菇是从晚熟品种‘L808’中系统选育出的新品种。产量高,柄短菇大,越夏安全,属中高温型长菌龄品种,适合在全国范围内用于香菇代料栽培。     

苹果轮纹病菌对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性及Cytb基因序列分析

为了明确苹果轮纹病菌Botryosphaeria dothidea对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性和吡唑醚菌酯的靶标基因序列, 采用菌丝生长速率法测定了水杨肟酸对B. dothidea 菌丝生长的作用, 探讨了添加或不添加水杨肟酸的情况下病原菌对吡唑醚菌酯敏感性的变化; 并测定了不同产区的80株B. dothidea 对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性以及440株B. dothidea 对吡唑醚菌酯的抗性; 然后, 扩增并分析了具有不同敏感性的菌株的细胞色素b基因 (Cytb) 序列?结果表明:不同浓度水杨肟酸对菌丝生长的抑制作用不同?添加40 μg/mL水杨肟酸不影响吡唑醚菌酯的EC50?菌株的敏感性频率符合近似正态分布, 各产区菌株对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性没有显著差异, 吡唑醚菌酯平均EC50为(2.95±2.11) μg/mL, 没有检测到抗性菌株?靶标基因序列分析表明, Cytb基因在F129?G137和G143位密码子上没有产生点突变, 首次发现在143位密码子后有内含子插入?     

夏大豆干物质生产、光合生理特性对群体调控的反应

试验设置12.75万、15.75万、18.75万、21.75万、24.75万株/hm~2 5个群体密度,研究了夏大豆干物质生产、光合生理特性对群体调控的反应。结果表明同一生育时期随群体密度的增加单株干物质积累量、各器官分配比重、叶绿素相对含量、产量性状呈下降趋势,叶面积指数随着生育进程的推进呈现先增加后降低的单峰抛物线变化趋势,鼓粒期达到峰值后开始下降。在12.75万～24.75万株/hm~2群体密度范围内,产量随群体密度的增加呈现先增加后降低趋势,18.75万株/hm~2产量最高达3 029.58 kg/hm~2。     

环青海湖地区草地蝗虫发生测报的气候指标研究

采用次序统计量方法,以1988～1999年环青海湖地区草地蝗虫发生程度资料和气候资料研究了蝗虫灾害等级与当地气候指标的定量关系,建立了春季和夏季预测模型,并以此对2000～2003年该地区蝗虫发生状况进行了预测试验。结果表明,敏感气候因子有:上年11～12月气温、3～6月温度及5～6月降水量等。春季预测模型中的指标为:(1)T11<-6℃;(2)T12<-10℃;(3)T3>-4℃;(4)T4>2℃。夏季预测模型中的指标为:(1)(T11+T12)/2<-8.5℃;(2)(T3+T4)/2>-1.5℃;(3)(T5+T6)>7.5℃;(4)(R5+R6)<48mm。当模型中有3个或4个指标满足,则当年可能发生严重蝗虫灾害,当没有或只有1～2个指标满足,则不会发生严重蝗虫灾害。     

不同腐烂程度毛竹蔸微生物变化规律

研究不同腐烂程度毛竹蔸中的微生物菌群,结果发现细菌对数值最低为5.477,最高为7.380;真菌对数值最低为5.301,最高为6.903;放线菌对数值最低为5.740,最高为7.000;纤维素降解菌对数值最低为4.301,最高为6.477;木质素降解菌最低为4.415,最高为6.799。毛竹蔸腐烂过程中,前期各菌增长较快;中期细菌、真菌、放线菌对数值不断变化;后期菌对数值都较高;各菌之间存在着一定的协助和竞争。了解竹林砍伐前期的竹蔸腐烂规律,可为砍伐后的竹蔸降解提供参考,同时为竹蔸微生物在种级单位上的分离提供依据。     

采后热空气处理对金冠苹果后熟衰老及病害的影响

金冠苹果采用38℃,72h或96h热空气处理,可降低0℃贮藏中果实的呼吸强度和乙烯释放量,延缓非溶性果胶的降解,维持较高的硬度、脆度,同时也会加速果皮的褪绿变黄和固酸比的上升,尤其是38℃96h处理的作用效果更为明显,显著提高了货架期后(20℃7d)苹果的质地品质和可接受程度,延缓衰老。苹果分别接种扩展青霉、灰葡萄孢霉,0℃和20℃条件下其病害发生率和腐烂均很严重,采用38℃96h热空气处理可以完全控制病害的发生,避免腐烂。可见,热空气处理一方面能延缓金冠苹果的后熟衰老,另一方面还能控制贮期病害的发生。     

Protective effects of multi-enzyme Ⅱ on vascular endothelial cell injury induced by hyperlipidemia serum

AIM and METHODS: The protective effects of multi-enzyme Ⅱ was studied on cultured endothelial cells which was injuried by hyperlipidemia serum. RESULTS: Hyperlipidemia serum increased ICAM-1 expression on the surface of endothelial cells, and decreased NO₂^- release significantly (P＜0.01). ICAM-1 expression could be reduced and NO₂^- release could be enhanced markedly by multi-enzyme Ⅱ (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION: Multi-enzyme Ⅱ had an obvious protective effect on vascular endothelial cells which was injuried by hyperlipidemia seurm. Multi-enzyme Ⅱ could clean out oxide free radicals effectively because it had the acitive structure of both SOD and CAT.     

椒果不同成熟度采收对产量和商品性的影响

以“遵椒1号”和“黄杨小米椒”的绛红果、橘红果、红熟果和过熟果为试材,调查不同成熟度椒果采摘处理及不同天气和采摘时间对辣椒产量构成因子、干椒产量及干椒内外品质的影响.结果表明:椒果采摘成熟度以红熟果为最佳,辣椒果采收天气以晴天上午和下午及阴天全天为最佳时间.     

Tubuloside B rescues the PC12 neuronal cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis

AIM:To investigate the neuroprotective effect of tubuloside B, one of the phenylethanoids isolated from the stems of Cistanche salsa, on H₂O₂-induced injury in PC12 cells.METHODS:PC12 cells were exposed to various doses of tubuloside B for 12 h, then treated with H₂O₂ at concentration of 100 μmol/L for 24 h. The cell viability was observed with MTT assay. Reactive oxygen species and the mitochondrial membrane potential were measured with laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). The DNA content and percentage of apoptosis were assayed by DNA agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry. The activation of caspase-3 was detected with the caspase-3 activity assay kit. RESULTS:Following treatment with H₂O₂ for 24 h, H₂O₂ induced a significant decrease in cell viability; DNA ladder was observed and apoptosis percentage was as high as 48.0%. Accumulation of intracellular ROS, increase in caspase-3 activity and the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential as indicated with the decrease of red/green ratios (from 5.97 to 0.41) were detected. However, pretreatment with tubuloside B (1, 10 or 100 mg·L^-1) for 12 h exhibited cytoprotective effects in a dose-dependent manner. Tubuloside B obviously enhanced the cell viability, reduced formation of the DNA ladder, and significantly reduced the number of cells labeled with Annexin-V. The percentage of apoptosis/necrosis neurons was significantly decreased to 30.9%, 18.3% and 6.2%, respectively. LSCM showed that the tubuloside B attenuated the accumulation of ROS and the H₂O₂-induced collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential in PC12 cells. The significant decrease in caspase-3 activity was detected, compared to the H₂O₂-treated cells at the same time point. CONCLUSION:Tubuloside B has the neuroprotective capacity to antagonize H₂O₂-induced apoptosis and injury in PC12 cells, indicating it may be useful for treating some neurodegenerative diseases.