我国籽瓜的开发现状与研究进展

籽瓜是新疆重要的经济作物之一,在农业产业结构调整中占有重要地位。提高籽瓜的综合利用率,降低生产成本,提高附加值和经济效益,利用果肉和皮等废弃物开发籽瓜系列产品具有十分广阔的市场前景。该研究主要阐述了籽瓜产品的开发研究现状以及发展前景,以期为进一步深入研究籽瓜系列产品和加速其商品化进程奠定理论基础。     

电生功能水对葡萄光合作用的影响

以"夏黑""金手指""红富士""比昂扣"等4个鲜食葡萄品种为试验对象,采用只喷酸性电生功能水(AEW)、先喷酸性电生功能水后喷碱性电生功能水(AEW/BEW)、先喷碱性电生功能水后喷酸性电生功能水(BEW/AEW)3种不同的处理方式,以只喷自来水(TW)为对照,研究了叶片在酸性环境中光合性能的变化,以期为电生功能水在植物中的应用提供参考依据,拓展其应用范围。结果表明:通过分析葡萄叶片光合响应生理参数,发现不同喷施方式对葡萄光合作用影响不相同。AEW处理后,4个葡萄品种的表观量子效率α和最大净光合速率Pmax均大于其它处理组,说明葡萄叶面对强光的利用效率得到提高;光饱和点(LSP)略低,说明AEW会降低叶面对强光的适应能力;光补偿点(LCP)要高于其它处理组,说明叶面对弱光的适应能力得到提高;暗呼吸速率Rd值略高,说明叶面的消耗提高。而AEW/BEW与TW处理后各生理参数相当,BEW/AEW处理后的生理参数低于其它处理组。试验表明,AEW处理不仅具有灭菌功效,也具有促进植物叶面光合作用的影响,BEW/AEW处理不能提高植物叶面的光合作用,AEW/BEW处理还会抑制叶面的光合作用。AEW处理提高植物叶面的光合作用效率的机理有待进一步研究。     

青海省棘球蚴病（包虫病）防控工作调查

为了解青海省棘球蚴病(包虫病)现状及流行特点,在果洛州和海北州开展了棘球蚴病宣传干预调查。调查发现,青海省棘球蚴病流行范围广、流行强度大,类型多样,泡型和囊型均有。目前青海省政府特别重视对该病防控知识的宣传教育,狠抓传染源控制。但仍存在一些问题,如专业技术人员缺乏、防治经费投入不足、流浪犬管理难等。提议政府统一部署流浪犬的管理工作,继续加强防控知识的宣传教育和专业技术培训,加大对棘球蚴病防治的经费投入,充分发挥动物防疫部门的作用。     

High‐Level Ciprofloxacin‐Resistant Campylobacter jejuni Isolates Circulating in Humans and Animals in Incheon,Republic of Korea

Campylobacter jejuni is one of the major causative pathogens of outbreaks or sporadic cases of diarrhoeal diseases worldwide. In this study, we compared the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of C. jejuni isolates of human and food‐producing animal origins in Korea and examined the genetic relatedness between these two groups of isolates. Regardless of isolation source, all C. jejuni isolates harboured four virulence genes, cadF, cdtB, ciaB and racR, whereas the wlaN and virB11 genes were more frequently observed in human isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that the majority of C. jejuni isolates displayed high‐level resistance to fluoroquinolone (95.2%) or tetracycline (76.2%) antibiotics, and 12.4% of isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (more than three classes of antibiotics tested). Pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of all Campylobacter isolates revealed 51 different SmaI‐PFGE patterns and six major clusters containing both human and animal isolates. These results indicate that genetically diverse strains of C. jejuni with antimicrobial drug‐resistance and virulence properties have prevailed in Incheon. Nevertheless, some particular populations continue to circulate within the community, providing the evidence for an epidemiological link of C. jejuni infections between humans and food‐producing animals. Therefore, the continued monitoring and surveillance of C. jejuni isolates of human and food‐producing animal origins are required for public health and food safety.     

兰州银滩黄河湿地4种植物的光合特性

本研究以兰州银滩黄河湿地自然生长的千屈菜(Lythrum salicaria)、芦苇(Phragnites awstralis)、藨草(Scirpus triqueter)、菖蒲(Acorus calamus)为研究对象,对4种典型植物生长季不同阶段的光合特性及其与环境因子间的关系进行比较分析,探讨了4种植物对湿地的适应特性和机制。结果表明,1)5月11日千屈菜、芦苇的净光合速率(P_n)呈不明显的双峰曲线,藨草和菖蒲的Pn变化较为平稳,日均P_n表现为芦苇千屈菜菖蒲藨草;8月19日,千屈菜、芦苇、藨草的Pn呈双峰曲线,光合"午休"现象明显,菖蒲为单峰曲线,日均Pn表现为芦苇菖蒲千屈菜藨草。2)5月11日,光合有效辐射(PAR)、大气温度(Ta)、大气CO_2浓度(C_a)、相对湿度(RH)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(G_s)、胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)、水分利用效率(WUE)与4种植物P_n的日变化存在不显著、显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01,P0.001)的正相关关系;8月19日,PAR、C_a、T_r、G_s、WUE、土壤湿度(SM)与4种植物P_n的日变化存在不显著、显著或极显著的正相关关系;3)5月11日,PAR、C_a、T_a、RH对4种植物的P_n影响较大,是主要的环境生理影响因子;8月19日,PAR、T_r对千屈菜、藨草的Pn影响最大,PAR、WUE对芦苇、菖蒲的P_n影响较大,是主要的环境生理影响因子。尽管各因子对4种植物的光合速率均有不同影响,但PAR是对植物光合生理特性产生影响的根本原因。     

Isolation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from the gall bladder of inoculated and naturally-infected cattle

To determine if Escherichia coli O157:H7 is capable of residing in the gall bladder of cattle, inoculation studies were conducted with O157:H7 strain 86-24 in weaned Holstein calves. Strain 86-24 was isolated from the gall bladders of five calves 36 days after inoculation. Two other calves contained the inoculation strain in the distal colon but the organism was absent in their gall bladders. A second trial in which the calves were euthanized 15 days after inoculation found strain 86-24 in six of seven inoculated calves but only in colon and/or rumen samples. In a third trial that inoculated eight calves with a four-strain cocktail of O157:H7 strains, the gall bladders from all eight animals were positive 9 days after inoculation. The colon and rumen samples from these calves were also positive. E. coli O157:H7 isolates recovered from bile samples and subtyped by pulsed field gel electrophoresis found that three of the four inoculation strains were present in one or more of the calves. Thus, residence in the gall bladder is not restricted to a single strain. Additional evidence of the ability to localize in the gall bladder of cattle was provided by testing the bile from 150 gall bladders (five collection dates, 30 samples each) obtained at an abbatoir and the isolation of E. coli O157:H7 from four samples (2.7%). This study establishes that E. coli O157:H7 can reside transiently or permanently at a low level in the gall bladder of cattle.     

Molecular cloning and expression analysis of pig CD81

CD81, also known as TAPA-1 (target of antiproliferative antibody 1), is a member of the tetraspanin family of proteins and a component of the B cell co-receptor complex. Several studies have shown that CD81 plays significant roles in a variety of immune responses, including activation of B cells and T cells. In this study, we cloned pig Cd81 cDNA using RT-PCR coupled with rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE)-PCR and determined the complete cDNA sequence of pig Cd81. Pig Cd81 cDNA contains an open reading frame (711 bp) encoding 236 amino acids. The identity of pig CD81 with those of human, cattle, rat, and mouse are 90.30%, 92.26%, 86.22%, and 86.22%, respectively. Alignment of the CD81 amino acid sequence with those of mammalian species showed that the large extracellular loop (LEL) is the most divergent, whereas other domains are largely conserved. Pig Cd81 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR in a broad range of tissues, including lymphoid tissues as well as nonlymphoid tissues, indicated variety of cellular functions of CD81 in most pig tissues. Flow cytometry analyses demonstrated that human CD81 antibody recognizes a pig CD81 on the cell surface. Further, immunohistochemistry analysis using human CD81 antibody on pig spleen was revealed that CD81 expression is widely diffused in spleen tissue. Future study will be focused on defining the functional role of CD81 during the course of pig infectious diseases.     

莲藕施肥机无轴双螺旋供肥装置性能分析与试验

针对藕田施肥过程中存在的劳动强度高、施肥稳定性及均匀性较低的问题,设计了一种水力喷射式莲藕施肥机,其主要分为供肥装置和水肥混合装置,主要对无轴双螺旋供肥装置进行了设计与分析。通过理论分析确定影响供肥性能参数主要为螺旋转速、直径和导程,结合藕田施肥农艺要求确定上述3项参数的取值范围。利用EDEM对无轴双螺旋供肥性能进行离散元仿真分析,以供肥量均值和供肥量稳定性变异系数为评价指标分别进行单因素试验和回归正交旋转组合试验。单因素试验结果表明：供肥量均值随着螺旋转速、直径和导程的增大而增大,并且具有良好的线性关系,因此可通过调节供肥螺旋转速、直径和导程来改变供肥量均值;供肥量稳定性变异系数随着螺旋转速和导程的增大呈现先降低后升高的趋势,而随着直径的增大而减小。运用Design-Expert软件对回归正交旋转组合试验结果进行分析优化,分别开展仿真试验和台架试验对优化后的参数进行验证。结果表明,当螺旋转速为160 r·min^-1,螺旋直径为78 mm,螺旋导程为53 mm时,仿真结果供肥量均值为329.43 g·s^-1,供肥量稳定性变异系数为1.43%,...     

桉树与厚荚相思混交林的生物量及对土壤影响研究

对雷州林业局营造桉树与厚荚相思混交林进行生物量测定及对土壤影响的分析结果表明：尾叶桉与厚荚相思混交林６年生地上部分群体生物量比尾叶桉纯林多３６．６％以上,单株叶量,细根行间混交的尾叶桉分别比纯林的尾叶桉多３８．４％,８２．８％,带状混交的尾叶桉比纯林的尾叶桉分别多１９．５％,４．７％,林分叶量带状混交林比纯林大４．９倍。４年生时混交林凋落物干重比纯林多３１％以上。混交林０－３９ｃｍ土层有机质,全氮     

小麦黑胚病菌及其分离方法比较

河南省小麦黑胚菌主要是交链孢菌[包括细交链孢菌（Alternaria tenuis)与极细交链孢菌（A.tenuissima)]和麦类根腐德氏霉菌（Drechslera sorokimiana)。检验小麦黑胚病菌以组织分离法最为准确,以清水培养法较为简捷。