几种乡土树种光合生理特性研究

采用美国LI—COR公司生产的LI—6400便携式光合测定系统对几种乡土树种的光合生理特性进行了研究。结果表明:①椿叶花椒、构树、臭椿和翅荚木的光补偿点分别为45.8、40.5、36.4和17.8μmol/(m2.s),光饱和点分别为607.3、624.9、573.4和373.8μmol/(m2.s),表观量子利用效率分别为0.055 7、0.046 6、0.044 1和0.047 0;②CO2补偿点分别为91.3、77.3、83.1和81.5μmol/mol,CO2饱和点分别为1 668.2、1 077.9、1 518.1和1 251.7μmol/mol,羧化效率分别为0.071 2、0.081 9、0.087 2和0.072 7;③4个树种的光合能力为椿叶花椒>构树>臭椿>翅荚木。     

杂交松无性系嫩枝扦插繁殖效应分析

研究表明,杂交松无性系间嫩枝扦插繁殖生根率有显著差异,参试无性系穗条扦插生根率变幅为81.1%~28.9%。本试验筛选出了扦插生根率高的无性系1个即杂P02;生根剂不同浓度处理对参试的5个无性系嫩枝扦插生根率无显著影响;不同基质对嫩枝扦插生根率有显著影响,以纯黄心土作为扦插基质效果最佳。     

鳙bmi1b基因单核苷酸多态性及其与生长和体型性状的关联性

bmi1b 基因作为转录抑制因子, 在维持多种干细胞的自我更新和增殖活性方面起重要作用。本研究对鳙 (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) bmi1b 基因进行了单核苷酸多态性发掘及其与生长和体型性状的关联性分析。鳙 bmi1b 全长 5800 bp, 包含 9 个外显子、8 个内含子, 其氨基酸序列在进化上较为保守。bmi1b 在鳙下丘脑和肝脏中的表达量较高, 胚胎发育阶段从未受精卵至囊胚期都有极高的表达, 原肠期后表达量显著降低, 具有母源基因的表达特征。采用 PCR 扩增产物直接测序的方法, 在鳙 bmi1b 3′ UTR 获得 2 个 SNPs g.5224 T＞A 和 g.5550 C＞T。利用来源于 1 个鳙混合群体的 169 尾鱼进行 SNP 基因分型及其与生长和体型性状的相关性分析, 结果表明: g.5224 T＞A 与体重和头高呈显著相关(P＜0.05), 与体高和头长呈极显著相关(P＜0.01); g.5550 C＞T 与体重和体型性状的相关性未达到显著水平。2 个 SNP 位点等位基因间的组合分析显示, 双倍型 D2 (AT CC)为优势基因型组合, 其体重和体型性状的平均值显著高于其他双倍型。这些结果为进一步研究鱼类 bmi1b 基因的功能提供了参考; 同时鳙 bmi1b 基因 SNP 标记在生长和体型性状的分子育种研究中也具有良好的应用潜力。     

Replacement of fish meal by meat and bone meal in diets for large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea

A growth experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of replacement of fish meal (FM) by meat and bone meal (MBM) in diets on the growth and body composition of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). Six isonitrogenous (43% crude protein) and isoenergetic (20 kJ g^− 1) diets replacing 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75% FM protein by MBM protein were formulated. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish in sea floating cages (1.0 × 1.0 × 1.5 m), and each cage was stocked with 180 fish (initial average weight of 1.88 ± 0.02 g). Fish were fed twice daily (05:00 and 17:30) to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. The water temperature ranged from 26.5 to 32.5 °C, salinity from 32 to 36‰, and dissolved oxygen content was approximately 7 mg l^− 1 during the experimental period. Survival decreased with increasing dietary MBM and the survival in the fish fed the diet with 75% protein from MBM was significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in specific growth rate (SGR) among the fish fed the diets with 0 (the control group), 15, 30 and 45% protein from MBM. However, SGR in the fish fed the diets with 60 and 75% protein from MBM were significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05). No significant differences in feeding rate were observed among dietary treatments. The digestibility experiment showed that the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter, protein, lipid and energy of MBM were significantly lower compared with those of FM (P < 0.05). Essential amino acid index was found to be correlated positively with SGR in the present study, suggesting that essential amino acid balance was important. Body composition analysis showed that the carcass protein and essential amino acids were not significantly affected by dietary MBM. The lipid and n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (n-3 HUFA) in fish muscle, however, significantly decreased with increasing dietary MBM. These results showed that 45% of FM protein could be replaced by MBM protein in diets of large yellow croaker without significantly reducing growth. It was suggested that the reduced growth with higher MBM was due to lower digestibility and imbalance of essential amino acids.     

根据mtDNA控制区序列分析野生唇 的种群遗传结构

为了掌握不同地理种群唇(鱼骨)(Hemibarbu labeo)的遗传多样性和遗传结构,探讨其亲缘地理演化过程,研究分析了乌苏里江、长江、黑龙江、鸭绿江和牡丹江5大水系,8个地理群体(n=42)的mtDNA控制区404 bp片段的变异,该片段共有26个变异位点,变异率为6.43%,平均核苷酸多样性为0.011 5.42尾样本共检测到18个单倍型,这8个地理群体是以HT1和HT2单倍型为中心向外辐射演化的.AMOVA分析结果表明,群体内变异为59.29%,同一水系群体间变异为23.50%,不同水系群体间变异为17.20%,以上变异均达到显著水平(P＜0.05),群体间配对FST分析结果表明,同一水系内有些群体间差异也达到了显著水平.聚类分析发现,最大简约法(MP)和最大似然率法(ML)结果基本一致,嘉荫群体(HRJY)和四川群体(YRSC)绝大部分个体被聚在一支,鸭绿江群体(YRLJ)聚在一支,这与单倍型网络的分析结果一致,以上结果表明唇(鱼骨)的遗传多样较为丰富,黑龙江流域的唇(鱼骨)保持了祖先单倍型,其他地理群体为黑龙江流域内群体向不同方向演化的结果,并且部分地理群体已经形成了特有的单倍型.     

人工鱼礁竖板不同方形孔径对黑鲷幼鱼诱集效果研究

建设人工鱼礁是修复海洋生境、养护渔业资源的重要措施.钢筋混凝土鱼礁是常用的人工鱼礁类型,鱼礁竖板(侧板、内部间板)方形开孔是钢筋混凝土鱼礁结构设计中主要设计参数,竖板方形孔径大小是影响鱼类诱集效果的重要因素.以人工鱼礁区常见的礁栖鱼类黑鲷(Sparus macrocephalus)幼鱼为研究对象,设计制作具有不同方形孔...     

微囊藻水华叠加对太湖沉积物中细菌垂直分布的影响

为研究微囊藻水华爆发对沉积物中细菌的影响,加强对富营养化湖泊细菌生态分布和环境调控原理的认识,选取太湖竺山湾沉积物柱状样,经添加高浓度微囊藻培养后,采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis;PCR-DGGE)方法,分析细菌在沉积物中的垂直分布特征.结果显示,微囊藻水华叠加对于沉积物剖面表层细菌群落结构影响很小,对沉积物中细菌垂直分布的影响不大,仅在7 ～9 cm深度之间有一定影响.     

三角帆蚌内脏团培育圆形有核珍珠的试验

报导了三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)内脏团培育圆形有核珍珠的试验结果。结果显示:插植珠核的7362只手术蚌植核后一个月内成活率99.2%。经23个月养殖后,随机抽取50只。结果留核率达94%,成珠率为86%,其中中高档珠占37.2%。有核珍珠直径在9.4~11.6 mm之间,其中10 mm以上占88.4%。11.6%的珍珠表面有小于3 mm的凸起,未发现带扁而长尾巴的珍珠。试验表明:三角帆蚌内脏团内能培育出高品质的有核珍珠。此外还发现,脱核或核片分离的细胞小片仍可在内脏团内形成珍珠。     

黄河口刺参苗种的盐度适宜性研究

通过设置不同的盐度梯度(20‰,25‰,30‰,35‰),对黄河三角洲地区养殖的刺参稚参在不同盐度下的生长状况进行了研究。结果表明,黄河三角洲地区刺参生长最适盐度范围在25‰~30‰。过高或过低的盐度对刺参生长产生影响的原因可能是:第一,在呼吸树的作用下,耗氧率增加以调节渗透压,消耗了能量,影响了刺参的生长;第二,刺参体内环境的改变影响了消化酶活性,进而影响刺参的摄食和消化。     

东海黄鲫的食物组成和食性的季节变化

本文通过对东海区（120～127°E,26～35°N）大面积调查及补充取样取得的黄鲫Coiliamystus（Linnaeus）样本进行分析,对其食物组成、食性类型、食性季节变化进行了研究。结果表明：（1）黄鲫食料生物组成较复杂,共计有15个类群,49种（包括未鉴定到种的种类）,4种不可辨认类型饵料。依据相对重要性指数指标来看,磷虾类为最重要的饵料类群,IRI=5363,IRI百分比占87．4％,长尾类、樱虾类、糠虾类为次重要类群。（2）黄鲫属浮游动物食性。（3）黄鲫的食物组成、摄食强度、食物生态位宽度存在明显的季节变化。