酶辅助乳化制备姜黄素脂肪乳研究

选用碱性蛋白酶辅助乳化,利用酶解膨化大豆粉产生的蛋白和磷脂作为乳化剂制备了天然姜黄素脂肪乳。通过流体动力学半径及其分布的测量、激光共聚焦显微镜观察和荧光光谱分析等来表征脂肪乳粒径、电位、微观结构及脂肪乳内蛋白的荧光强度变化,以氧化稳定性、包埋率和生物利用率来评价脂肪乳的稳定性能和对姜黄素的负载效果。结果表明,随着姜黄素添加量的增加,脂肪乳平均粒径先增加、后趋于稳定,在添加量为0.6%时,平均粒径为1127.42nm,电位绝对值最大,为38.67mV。激光共聚焦显微镜观察结果表明,乳液中油滴和蛋白分布比较均匀,形成了包裹较好的液滴。在0.6%添加量下的脂肪乳储存14d时的氧化稳定性最好,POV值最小,仅为3.15mmol/kg,储存21d时TBARS值为0.56mmol/kg;姜黄素包埋率高达72.58%,经体外消化后生物利用率为55.22%。荧光光谱分析表明,过量的姜黄素会使脂肪乳中蛋白质的荧光强度显著降低。因此,在姜黄素添加量为0.6%时,通过酶辅助法可制备稳定性较高、运载效果较好的脂肪乳。     

基于应用型人才培养教学中思政教育的融入策略实施

思政教育是高职院校教学的重点内容,对学生的思想、行为会产生直接影响,同时与工匠精神存在紧密关系,需要对其予以融合。为了提升高职机械类专业教学的质量,引入思政教育极为重要,其在推动学生全面发展方面也发挥出了重要作用。基于此,主要以机械基础类专业教学为例,分析了高职机械类专业课程与思政教育的联系为切入点。同时,通过调整教学思路与路径,结合机械发展史展开思政教育,引入大国重器实际研发案例,落实全面评价这些思政教育的融入策略。     

基于鼹鼠多趾结构特征的仿生切土刀片设计与试验

为降低土壤耕作阻力,分析了鼹鼠前肢手掌的多趾组合结构特征,得到鼹鼠多趾组合结构是一种多窄齿组合结构,且相邻齿间间距可调整,最终确定了多趾组合结构的数学模型。基于该模型,设计了具有仿生结构特征的切土刀片。通过土槽试验,采用四因素三水平的二次正交回归试验方法,分析仿生结构元素m和n、土壤含水率和切土倾角对水平阻力的影响,得到土壤含水率和切土倾角对水平阻力的影响更显著,最优仿生结构元素m为5、n为1.75。通过比较传统和仿生刀片在切土倾角10°~90°和土壤含水率10%~30%下的水平阻力,得到仿生几何结构对刀片切土的临界倾角无显著影响,但土壤含水率对其有显著影响：当土壤含水率为10%和20%时,临界倾角均为30°左右;当土壤含水率为30%时,临界倾角均在40°~50°之间。然而,仿生几何结构对刀片所受的水平阻力有显著影响,在相同的土壤含水率下,仿生刀片的水平阻力总小于传统刀片的水平阻力：当土壤含水率为10%、20%、30%时,仿生刀片的水平阻力分别减小11.48%~39.16%、17.81%~28.00%和11.19%~33.26%。此外,水平阻力的变化与土壤内聚力具有极大的相关性,研究表明土壤含水率为10%~20%时,仿生刀片具有更好的切土性能。     

切花月季Rh-DREB1基因的克隆及其在乙烯和失水胁迫下的表达

以切花月季Rosa hybrida 'Samantha'为试材,通过简并引物和RACE方法从花瓣中获得了两个逆境诱导转录因子DREB家族基因全长.推定的氨基酸序列分析表明,这两个基因都具有DREB1转录因子的典型特征,因而分别命名为Rh-DREB1A和Rh-DREBIB,GenBank登录号分别为EU784069和EU784070.Rh-DREB1A和Rh-DREB1B分别包含一个编码222和231个氨基酸序列的开放阅读框.半定量RT-PCR分析结果表明,Rh-DREB1A和Rh-DREB1B在月季花瓣中能够被失水胁迫强烈诱导,但是不受乙烯诱导.由所得结果推测,这两个转录因子参与了失水胁迫诱导的信号转导途径.     

8种食用菌菌渣中3种饲用酶活性的测定

对可商业化人工栽培的8种常见食用菌菌渣中的木聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶和植酸酶生物活性进行了测定.结果表明,被测的8个样品均不同程度具有木聚糖酶和β-葡聚糖酶活性.其中,双孢蘑菇和毛木耳菌渣木聚糖酶活性最高,分别为2.856 U·g-1和1.109 U·g-1;杏鲍菇和毛木耳菌渣β-葡聚糖酶活性最高,分别为0.389 U·g-1和0.351 U·g-1;毛木耳在pH 2.5和pH 5.2下均具有植酸酶活性,分别为0.139 U·g-1和0.222 U·g-1;杏鲍菇和糙皮侧耳在pH 5.2下,植酸酶活性分别为0.126 U·g-1和0.122 U·g-1;其它菌渣均不具有明显的植酸酶活性.本研究表明,食用菌菌渣中具有一定的饲用酶活性,利用食用菌菌渣作为畜禽饲料,可在一定程度上减少饲用酶的添加,从而降低生产成本.     

设施农业介质消毒技术与设备的现状和发展

针对设施农业高密度栽培及同一地块上连年种植作物,使得土传病害、病原菌得以不断的积累、生长和繁殖而造成严重减产或降低产品质量的问题,论述了栽培介质消毒技术与设备的国内外应用现状,介绍了当前常用栽培介质消毒方法及设备的原理与研究成果,指出了不同消毒方法及设备所存在的问题及适用状况;分析和讨论了设施农业栽培介质消毒设备的技术发展.作为设施农业代表性的核心装备之一,高度机械化、无污染、高新技术的运用是其主要的发展趋势.     

Effects of Dietary Binders on Survival and Growth Performance of Postlarval Tongue Sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis (Günther)

A 30‐d feeding experiment was conducted in tanks to investigate the effects of four different binders (2% in microdiet) on the survival, growth performance, and specific activity of digestive enzymes in tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther, postlarvae (24 d after hatching, with initial average wet weight of 22.4 ± 6.65 mg [mean ± SD]). Five approximately isonitrogenous and isoenergetic microbound diets were formulated with carrageenan (Car), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMS), sodium alginate (SA), and gelatin (Gel) as binders, and a diet with no special binder as a control. A commercial diet (RQ Com., manufactured by Marubeni Nisshin Feed Co., Ltd., Chita, Japan) was used as another tested diet, and Artemia nauplii was used as live prey control. The results showed that the survival of the fish fed SA diet (31.3%) was significantly higher than that of fish fed CMS (21.8%), Car (10.8%), and control (21.8%) diets (P < 0.05), but significantly lower than that of the fish fed the live prey (54.5%) diet (P < 0.05). The results of growth followed the similar pattern as that of survival, although there were no significant differences in specific growth rate (SGR) among fish fed SA, CMS, Gel, the control, and RQ diets (7.2, 6.8, 7.0, 6.9, and 7.3% per day; P > 0.05). However, fish fed Car diet had a significantly lower SGR (5.9% per day) than fish fed other diets. Percentages of secreted amylase in fish fed artificial diets were not significantly different, but fish fed artificial diets had significantly higher (P < 0.05) secreted amylase than live prey group. Percentage of secreted trypsin in fish fed SA diet (54.9%) was relatively higher compared with other binders, and not significantly different from RQ Com. and live prey treatments. However, trypsin in fish fed Car diets (29.3%) was significantly lower than in other groups. Specific activities of alkaline phosphatase (AP) in the intestine and AP and leucine aminopeptidase N in brush border membranes in fish fed SA diet (264.6, 1882.8, and 187.2 mU/mg protein) were relatively higher compared with other binders. These results indicate that SA is one of suitable binders compared with carrageenan, CMS, and gelatin in microdiet of postlarval tongue sole.     

Immune Responses and Resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus Induced by Probiotic Bacterium Arthrobacter XE-7 in Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

A 63-d feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of probiotic bacterium Arthrobacter XE-7 on immune responses and resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei . The probiotic bacteria were administered orally at four different doses of 0, 10⁶, 10⁸, and 10¹⁰ colony-forming unit (CFU)/g feed for shrimp. On Day 50, the shrimp were challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus by bath. On Days 7, 21, 49, and 63, six shrimp per tank were sampled to take intestine and hemolymph. With increasing dietary supplementation of probiotic bacteria, shrimp mortality decreased from 63.16% (the control) to 55.9% (10⁶ CFU/g feed), 51.75% (10⁸ CFU/g feed), and 51.78% (10¹⁰ CFU/g feed), respectively. Vibrio counts in intestine of shrimp fed probiotic bacterium Arthrobacter XE-7 was generally lower than that in the control shrimp ( P  < 0.05). The probiotic bacteria generally increased the immune parameters in shrimp, that is, total hemocyte counts, percentage phagocytosis, respiratory burst activity, and serum phenoloxidase activity. The results showed that probiotic bacterium Arthrobacter XE-7 can be used as probiotic in shrimp feed.     

生姜光合效率日变化的研究

生姜生长期间,午间强光使叶片光合速率（Pn)、表观量子效率（AQY）及PSⅡ的光化学效率（Fv/Fm)下降,即表现为光抑制。苗期因光照强、温度高、AQY,Fv/Fm较低,光换制较重;随季节进展及光、温等条件的改善,光抑制减轻。对生姜遮荫可提高AQY和Fv/Fm,降低光抑制,但由于遮荫降低了羧化效率（CE）,使Pn明显下降。据此,对有关遮荫理论及AQY等指标的应用进行了讨论,并提出改革当前遮荫方式的设想。