Antifungal Flavonoids from Ficus sarmentosa var. henryi （King） Corner

The methanol extract of Ficus sarmentosa var. henryi （King） Corner was found to detect potent inhibitory activities against 6 crop pathogenic fungi, Fusarium graminearum, Pumpkin fusarium Wilt, Curvularia lunata （Wakker） Boed, Septoria zeicola Stout, Botrytis cinerea, and Rhizoctonia solani. Four flavonoids were isolated from the extract of F. sarmentosa var. henryi by activity-guided fractionation and they were identified as eriodictyol （1）, homoeriodictyol （2）, dihydroquercetin （3）, and luteolin （4） by spectroscopic means and displayed excellent inhibitory activity against F. graminearum and S. zeicola. Among them, luteolin （4） showed the strongest inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 56.38 and 81.48 mg L^-1, to the fungi, respectively. The in vitro inhibitory activity of F. sarmentosa var. henryi （King） Corner was reported for the first time and the inhibitory action mechanism of luteolin （4） was worthy of further research.     

森林生态系统能值分析研究进展

简要介绍能值分析的基本方法与理论概念,重点综述森林生态系统能值研究概况,包括森林生态系统能值分析的基本步骤、指标体系及其研究进展,阐述了研究森林生态系统综合效益的方法与要点,并指出目前森林生态系统能值分析的热点问题。     

建立草原生态补偿机制的探讨——以内蒙古锡林郭勒盟为例

建立草原生态补偿机制是有效恢复草原生态环境、巩固草原生态建设成果、提高牧民收入的重要制度保障。本文以锡林郭勒盟为例,阐述了禁牧舍饲项目和生态恢复禁牧区项目中草原生态补偿政策的实践,剖析了我国现行草原生态补偿政策存在缺乏长效机制、政策制定不尽合理以及补偿资金投入不足的主要问题,并提出我国建立草原生态补偿机制的对策措施:①科学合理制定补偿办法;②多渠道增加草原生态补偿资金投入;③建立健全法律保障机制。     

3种小檗科植物叶片SPAD值与叶绿素的相关性及通径分析

阔叶十大功劳、狭叶十大功劳及南天竹同为小檗科植物,其叶片表观性状存在较大差异。为了考察上述3种植物叶片SPAD值与叶绿素的相关性,运用SPAD-502Plus叶绿素仪和分光光度法分别测定这3种植物叶片的叶绿素含量,并引入叶鲜质量与叶面积比(ratio of leaf fresh mass and leaf area,SLW)作为叶片厚薄的特征参数;再应用通径分析进一步探讨叶片特征参数和各叶绿素参数对SPAD值的直接或间接影响,最后建立SPAD值与叶绿素a及叶绿素b和总叶绿素的线性函数、二次多项式函数、指数函数及乘幂函数的拟合方程,并根据决定系数(R2)确定最佳拟合曲线。研究表明:SPAD值与叶绿素含量在单位叶鲜质量表示下相关性不强,但在单位叶面积表示下成极显著相关;通过通径分析发现在考察的各参数中对SPAD值影响最大的是叶绿素a含量,说明SPAD-502Plus叶绿素仪有效地消除了叶片厚度等对测量结果的影响;在所建立的拟合方程中,SPAD值与叶绿素含量的非线性拟合效果要优于线性,并且不同种植物的最佳数学模型各有不同。上述分析说明,利用SPAD-502Plus叶绿素仪快速、无损地评估在体植物叶片的叶绿素含量是可行的。     

QTL Mapping for Dough Mixing Characteristics in a Recombinant Inbred Population Derived from a Waxy × Strong Gluten Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Protein and starch are the most important traits in determining processing quality in wheat. In order to understand the genetic basis of the influence of Waxy protein (Wx) and high molecular weight gluten subunit (HMW-GS) on processing quality, 256 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross of waxy wheat Nuomai 1 and Gaocheng 8901 were used as mapping population. DArT (diversity arrays technology), SSR (simple sequence repeat), HMW-GS, and Wx markers were used to construct the molecular genetic linkage map. QTLs for mixing peak time (MPT), mixing peak value (MPV), mixing peak width (MPW), and mixing peak integral (MPI) of Mixograph parameters were evaluated in three different environments. The genetic map comprised 498 markers, including 479 DArT, 14 SSR, 2 HMW-GS, and 3 Wx protein markers, covering 4 229.7 cM with an average distance of 9.77 cM. These markers were identified on 21 chromosomes. Eighteen additive QTLs were detected in three different environments, which were distributed on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 1D, 4A, 6A, and 7D. QMPT-1D.1 and QMPT-1D.2 were close to the Glu-D1 marker accounting for 35.2, 22.22 and 36.57% of the phenotypic variance in three environments, respectively. QMPV-1D and QMPV-4A were detected in all environments, and QMPV-4A was the nearest to Wx-B1. One minor QTL, QMPI-1A, was detected under three environments with the genetic distances of 0.9 cM from the nearest marker Glu-A1, explaining from 5.31 to 6.67% of the phenotypic variance. Three pairs of epistatic QTLs were identified on chromosomes 2D and 4A. Therefore, this genetic map is very important and useful for quality trait related QTL mapping in wheat. In addition, the finding of several major QTLs, based on the genetic analyses, further suggested the importance of Glu-1 loci on dough mixing characteristics.     

武陵山民族地区新型城镇化问题调研报告

新型城镇化将是我国今后几十年经济增长的巨大引擎,也是促进民族地区快速发展的历史机遇.通过对武陵山民族地区6个县新型城镇化的实地调研,了解到改革开放以后这个地区的城镇化建设有了长足进展,当地政府对推进新型城镇化建设的积极性空前高涨.但面对“四化”的新形势,武陵山民族地区新型城镇化建设的制约因素十分明显,主要是城镇规划无序滞后,产业发展先天不足,民族文化传承任重道远,建设资金欲求无门,政策“洼地”严重失衡.根据以上情况,提出了推进民族地区新型城镇化建设建议.     

抗逆性转录因子NAC的生物信息学分析

根据在NCBI中已登录的植物转录因子NAC家族中与抗逆性有关成员的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列,应用生物信息学软件分析了其理化性质、疏水性/亲水性、跨膜结构、二级结构、功能结构域等,并构建了这类NAC家族成员的系统进化树.结果表明,17种NAC成员的蛋白质一级结构中存在明显的疏水区和亲水区,都存在明显的α--螺旋和β折叠.二级结构组成上相似,都由α-螺旋、β折叠和无规则卷曲组成.这些成员都能够通过同源建模分析NAC蛋白质的三维结构.进化分析表明,它们主要分成4大类群.通过多序列比对得到了这些成员的保守区段,并设计了简并引物.     

产香真菌ZY-2菌株鉴定及其挥发性物质抑菌活性测定与组分分析

[目的]鉴定产香真菌ZY-2,测定、分析其挥发性物质的抑菌活性及挥发性物质组分,筛选产有益挥发物质菌株.[方法]通过18S rDNA序列分析对产香真菌ZY-2进行分子生物学鉴定;以5种植物病原真菌为目标菌,测定ZY-2菌株挥发性物质的抑菌活性,并采用气质联用仪（GC-MS）对挥发性物质组分进行分析.[结果]产香真菌ZY-2在PDA培养基上不产孢,18S rDNA序列分析将该菌鉴定为蒙塔涅梨孢假壳（Apiospora montagnei Sacc.）;ZY-2挥发性物质对5种植物病原真菌均有一定的抑制作用,随着处理时间延长抑制率有一定变化;挥发性物质的主要成分为苯乙醇,其相对含量为98.982％.[结论]产香真菌ZY-2的苯乙醇相对含量高,有作为生物生产苯乙醇的开发潜力.     

粮价对单产的激励弹性提升耕地利用效率

耕地红线虽然控制了面积,但是如果忽视了耕地利用效率的提高,其并不能必然保障粮食产量;耕地红线只有与利用效率提升相结合,才能保证粮食产量。精细化的粮食安全保障模式,需要将耕地面积管制转变为粮食产量红线制度,通过合理的粮食价格,发掘粮食单产提升的潜力,解决抛荒问题。通过分析粮价对单产的激励弹性,推算其取值范围为:n>(1(/1-(A2-A1)C1/C3)-1)C1(/A2-A1),这样才会通过提升种粮收入来激励种粮积极性,保障未来需求高峰期的粮食安全。