不同基因型甘薯（Ｉｐｏｍｏｅａ ｂａｔａｔａｓ Ｌａｍ．）吸收累积Ｃｄ的特征差异性研究

采用旱地小区试验,研究了Cd污染土壤中甘薯吸收累积Cd的品种差异,探讨了甘薯吸收累积Cd的相关机理.结果表明,甘薯品种间不仅生物量差异较大,对Cd的吸收累积能力也不同,8个品种的地上部茎叶生物量(DW)在4 594.9～8 232.2 kg·hm-2,鲜样Cd含量范围为0.032 9～0.057 4 mg·kg-1;地下部块根生物量(DW)在7 809.0～14 269.7 kg·hm-2,鲜样Cd含量范围为0.002 2～0.011 0mg·kg-1,茎叶Cd含量明显高于块根,但均未超过国家食品中污染物限值标准(GB 2762-2005)(根茎类蔬菜<0.1 mg·kg-1).而与无公害蔬菜质量标准(GB 18406.1-2001)进行比较(<0.05 mg·kg-1),有3个甘薯品种(心香、湘薯15、泉薯9号)的茎叶Cd含量超标.因此,轻度Cd污染土壤种植的甘薯其茎叶可能存在摄食健康风险,而块根基本无风险,若将Cd污染土壤改制种植甘薯,必须妥善处理其地卜部茎叶.     

Water-use efficiency of a poplar plantation in Northern China

The water-use efficiency (WUE) of an ecosystem—defined as the gross ecosystem production (GEP) divided by the evapotranspiration (ET)—is an important index for understanding the coupling of water and carbon and quantifying water–carbon trade-offs in forests. An open-path eddy covariance technique and a microclimate measurement system were deployed to investigate the WUE of a poplar plantation ecosystem in the Daxing District of Beijing, China, during the growing seasons in 2006, 2007, and 2008. We found that WUE values changed diurnally, peaking in early morning and showing a minimum between 2 pm and 3 pm. This pattern was regulated by photosynthetically active radiation, saturated vapor pressure deficit, and stomatal opening and closure. WUE had inter-daily variations but no substantial seasonal variation. The WUE decreased with increasing soil water content due to the higher sensitivity of ET than GEP to increased soil moisture. Under moist soil conditions (i.e., relative extractable water content >0.4), GEP was stable and WUE was generally low. These results suggest that the poplar plantation does not effectively use the available soil water for carbon uptake, and that soil moisture is lost to the atmosphere through ET.     

Influence of murine cytomegalovirus infection on the differentiation and the differentiation genes expression in neural stem cells

AIM: The influence of MCMV infection on differentiation and differentiation gene expression in neural stem cells(NSCs) in vitro were investigated for studying the mechanisms of brain abnormalities caused by congenital cytomegalovirus infection.METHODS: NSCs were separated from fetal BALB/C mouse, and cultured and identified in vitro. The differentiation potency of NSCs was observed by immunofluorescence. The NSCs infected by MCMV at dosage of MOI(multiplicity of infection) equaled to 5, 1 and 0.1,respectively, were cultured in differentiation medium. The morphological changes of infected cells were observed under inverted microscope. The ratios of NSCs and its differentiated cells were detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of nestin, GFAP and NSE, markers of NSCs and its differentiated cells, were studied by immunofluorescence(MOI=1). The expression of early antigen(EA) of MCMV was detected to observe the infection process. Real-time RT-PCR method was employed to measure the expression levels of the key genes Neurog2, Myc and Ccnd1 in Wnt signal pathway of NSCs at early stage of differentiation culture.RESULTS: NSCs isolated from embryonic mouse brains proliferated to form neurospheres, strongly expressed nestin and differentiated into NF-200 positive neurons or GFAP positive astrocytes. The infected NSCs did not adhere to the wall and appeared differentiation growths, but showed swollen gradually after differentiation culture. The nestin expression in the infected cells downregulated slowly and was higher than that in control groups(P<0.05). The GFAP and NSE expressions of the infected cells were lower than those in control groups(P<0.05). The early antigen(EA) of MCMV was always detected in the cells in infected groups. The ratios of nestin positive cells in infected groups were higher than those in control groups, but the ratios of GFAP and NSE positive cells of former were lower than that of the latter from 3rd to 9th d after differentiation culture(P<0.05). The levels of Neurog2 mRNA and Myc mRNA in infected groups were markedly lower than those in normal control groups on 1st d and from 1st to 4th d after differentiation culture, respectively(P<0.05). The levels of Ccnd1 mRNA of infected groups were obviously lower than those in normal control groups from 12th h to 1st d(P<0.05). These changes in infected groups became more obvious as MCMV MOI increased.CONCLUSION: MCMV significantly inhibits differentiation of NSCs to neurons and astrocytes, and leads to the decrease in differentiated cells. MCMV inhibits or interferes with the gene expression of Neurog2, Myc and Ccnd1 in Wnt signal pathway of NSCs. The effect that MCMV inhibits the expressions of differentiation and the differentiation genes in NSCs shows dose-dependent with MCMV MOI. The inhibitory effect of MCMV on the differentiation of NSCs might be induced by interfering with the expression of differentiation gene in NSCs, which is possibly the one of primary causes of brain development disorders induced by congenital CMV infection.     

农田刈割草地——农区草业的重要发展方向

1农田刈割草地是农区草业的重要发展方向 目前我国90%的畜牧业产品来自农区,例如以畜牧业著称的内蒙古自治区,畜牧业总产值中农区畜牧业占70%,纯牧区的畜牧业仅占30%,1986年作为畜牧业生产基地内蒙古自治区产肉只有35万t,而纯农区江苏省却达到120万t,四川省为240万t,在今后相当时期内,农区仍然是我国畜牧产业的重点.据统计我国每年需牧草1000万t,生产能力只有200万t,并且供需之间的缺口还将随着我国畜禽业年平均增长10%以上的发展速度继续拉大.     

在我国建立行政法律咨询机构之构想

行政法律咨询机构，是指向行政机构提供法律方面的意见、建议为主的非行政性的组织和团体。建立行政法律咨询机构，应在人员构成上，不受政府干涉，保持相对独立性。在活动经费上应有保障。在机构内部应有章程制约。     

超级杂交稻“种三产四”丰产工程示范进展及发展对策

2007-2008年在湖南20个县(市、区)实施了超级杂交稻"种三产四"丰产工程,针对各地区不同的生态类型,设计了超级杂交稻的5种种植模式,选择了11个主推超级杂交稻组合和9项主推技术,通过技术培训、示范带动、举办现场会议和总结交流经验及严密的组织管理,项目获得了成功.2007年20个县总示范面积584.9 hm2,有18个县达到了增产33%的"种三产四"目标,2008年20个县总示范面积7 023.6 hm2,19个县达到增产目标.总结了项目实施中存在的主要问题,提出了相应的发展对策.     

北方城市地被植物应用质量评价方法探讨

根据地被植物固有的特征和北方城市配置应用特点,将地被植物分为基础型地被、骨干型地被和点缀型地被3类。运用频数统计法选择株高、生育期、观赏价值、绿色期、覆盖力、生长势、适应性、养护频度8项指标,构建了地被植物外观质量、生态质量和使用质量3大指标体系。制定评价标准,采用综合指数评价法,验证地被植物的质量等级。通过实例分析验证,该质量评价指标体系和评价方法具有较强的科学性和可操作性,评价结果符合客观实际,对于北方城市地被植物的评价选择应用,具有普遍的适应性和推广价值。     

土壤联合固氮菌的研究进展

面临人类社会普遍出现的粮食、人口、环境、能源、资源等问题的困扰,从可持续发展的角度出发,生物固氮逐渐引起了各国科学家的重视,测试技术的进步及细胞工程与基因工程等技术的出现使生物固氮的研究日趋深入。通过阐述生物固氮中细胞联合固氮的研究现状及其方法与手段,为与之相关的研究者提供了参考。     

县级测土施肥化验室建设中存在的问题与建议

我省县级测土施肥化验室建设中或多或少存在一些如选址不当、水电配置不符、质量控制不健全等问题,本文针对这些问题提出搞好实验室标准化设计,从而进行系列化实验、达到一个具有较高技术水平和管理水平的测土施肥化验室。