End-to-End Colonic Anastomosis A Comparison of Techniques in Normal Dogs

Colonic resections were repaired in normal dogs by crushing suture, inverting suture, or staple anastomosis techniques. Dogs were sacrificed 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28 days following surgery. Bacterial cultures, breaking strength measurement, adhesion formation, and gross and histopathologic examinations were made. Anastomoses closed by staples showed the least tissue reaction, least neutrophilic infiltration, most mature fibrous connective tissue, most normal arrangement of muscle layers, and fewest numbers of mucoceles and necrotic areas. The staple and crushing anastomosis techniques caused significantly less reduction in luminal radius than did the inverting anastomosis technique. Bacteria were isolated least frequently and adhesions were least severe following staple anastomosis, though these results were not statistically significant. Stapled anastomosis appeared to result in a higher tensile strength of the wounds at the anastomotic sites compared with the other techniques studied.     

Development of a new small-plot sprayer and some predictions of the field performance

Summary: Résumé: Zusammenfassung A sprayer to apply herbicides to 1-m² plots in the field in a manner closely related to conventional spraying systems, is described. Distribution of spray solution was less variable with the new sprayer than with the micro-plot sprayer previously used, Variations in spray distribution due to uneven propulsion of the sprayer by hand were less than that due to the nozzles and contributed little to the overall coefficient of variation. A nozzle-testing table did not predict the spray distribution achieved by the sprayer. Elaboration d'un nouveau type de pulvérisateur pour petites parcelles et prévisions de ses possibilityés au champ. Les auteurs decrivént un pulvérisateur destinéà I'application d'herbicides sur des parcelles de 1 m², au champ, d'une manière très proche des systèmes de pulvérisation conventionnels. La distribution de la bouillie herbicide a été moins variableavec lenouveau pulvérisateurqu'aveccelui précédemment utilisé pour les micro-parcelles. Les variations dans la distribution du liquide pulvérisé provoquées par les irrégularitiés dc la propulsion manuelle du pulvérisateur, onl été inférieures à celles provenant des buses et n'ont contribué que pour une faible pan au coefficient global de variation. Une table d'essai des buses n'a pas permis de prtvoir la distribution de la pulvérisation effeciuée par le pulvérisateur. Entwickhtng eines neuen Kleinpariellen-Spritzgeräts und einige Anmerkungen ztim Feldeinsatz Eswirdein Herbizid-Spritzgerät fur 1 m² grosse Feldparzellen beschrieben, mit dem die Applikation ahnlich wie mit herkömmlichen Spritzen durchgefiührl wird. Die Verteilung der Spritzflüssigkeit war mit dem neuen Gerät einheitlicher als mit dem früher verwendeten Kleinparzellcn-Spritzgerät. Die Schwankungen in der Brüheverteilung, bedingt durch ungleichmässigen Handbetrleb, waren geringer als die durch die Däsen verursachten und trugen wenig zum gesam-ten Slreuungskoefflzienten bei. Die Verteilung der Spritz-brühe stimmte nicht mit den Daten aus einer Düsenprüftabelle überein.     

Bypass Surgery for Intestinal Occluding Abscesses in the Equine: A Report of Two Cases

The medical management of two horses with small intestine occluding abdominal abscesses was supported by surgical bypasses. In the first case the small intestine was transected proximal to the abscess and an end-to-side anastomosis performed distally; in the second case a side-to-side anastomosis was performed without bowel transection. The results suggest bowel transection with an end-to-side anastomosis to be the preferred procedure.     

Outbreak of foetal infection with bovine pestivirus in a central Queensland beef herd

OBJECTIVE: To describe a significant outbreak of foetal infection and subsequent losses due to bovine pestivirus on a 5200 ha beef breeding and fattening property in central Queensland. DESCRIPTION OF THE HERD: The affected herd consisted of 656 cows, including 269 recently purchased cows, and 221 heifers that were joined in December/January 1995/96. There were approximately 2500 cattle on the property. INVESTIGATION: Following the purchase of 269 cows in October 1995, which were mingled with the existing cow herd, losses were experienced due to foetal infection with bovine pestivirus. These losses were recorded between 1996 and 1999 as: reduced pregnancy rates, losses between pregnancy testing (midpregnancy) and branding (calves averaged 3 months-of-age), losses due to pneumonia and ill-thrift between branding and approximately 12 months-of-age, and losses due to ill-thrift and the chronic wasting form of mucosal disease thereafter. All surviving calves were tested for bovine pestivirus in 1997 at an average of 10 months. Fifty-three calves were identified as persistently infected with bovine pestivirus. A further 110 calf losses could reasonably be attributed to bovine pestivirus infection. Persistently infected cattle were always unthrifty compared to their virus negative counterparts. Only one persistently infected calf was identified, on the basis of severe ill thrift, in the 1997 birth cohort and none in 1998. CONCLUSIONS: This outbreak of foetal infection with bovine pestivirus resulted in significant production losses. These losses were recorded over the three years subsequent to the outbreak. Significant numbers of persistently infected calves were not evident among calves born in the two years after this outbreak.     

REACTIONS OF SOLUBLE PHOSPHATE WITH ACID SOILS: THE INTERPRETATION OF ADSORPTION-DESORPTION ISOTHERMS

Adsorption-desorption and isotopic-exchange isotherms for acids soils of known clay mineralogy indicated that when all the surfa? P accessible to the solution was considered, the bonding energy for phosphate decreased exponentially with site coverage. The soils differed markedly in the quantities of surface P held at sites of very high bonding energy, defined as those in equilibrium with a solution concentration < 1 μM; the values ranging from 9 μmol g^?1 in a soil with 40 per cent gibbsite in the clay fraction, to 1 μmol g^?1 in a soil with only 1 per cent gibbsite and no interlayered material. The reversibility of current P adsorption on soil surfaces depended on the immediate history of the soil sample. Complete reversibility occurred when soil, previously enriched with soluble P and stored for 4 to 5 months at constant temperature, was suspended in solutions of constant pH and ionic strength. It is suggested that irreversibility occurs due to incomplete attainment of equilibrium during the adsorption phase, a condition predisposed by high initial P concentrations (>1mM), and the use of soils that are naturally in dis-equilibrium because of recent fertilizer additions or severe depletion of P by plant uptake.     

Effects of dietary variations on plasma concentrations of oral flukicides in sheep

Groups of parasite-free lambs which were either housed and fed hay arid concentrates or were grazing on pasture were dosed with the oral flukicides rafoxanide and triclabendazole and subsequent plasma Concentrations moni-tored. Peak plasma concentrations and areas under curves (AUC) of both chemicals were significantly reduced in the grazing compared with the housed lambs. In order to investigate the observation similar groups of lambs were dosed orally with chromium EDI'A and faecal throughput estimated. I t was observed that the rate of throughput was greater in the grazing lambs, leading to the conclusion that the differences in plasma concentrations of the flukicides was caused by a reduction in their absorption in the grazing lambs. The implications on flukicide efficacy and dose rates are discussed.     

Genetics of specific resistance in pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars to seven races of Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi

Seven races of Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi were distinguished using eight differential cultivars of pea (Pisum sativum). Segregation among F₂ populations of crosses between differential cultivars sequentially inoculated with races of P.s. pv. pisi provided evidence for four and possibly six putative resistance(R)/avirulence(A) gene pairs. R1, R2 and R3 are dominant resistance alleles at single loci, R4 is a dominant allele at a single locus which exhibits variable expression possibly dependent on genetic background. There is evidence that R3 and R4 are at linked loci. Homology tests provided proof of the occurrence of the alleles R2, R3 and R4 in more than one cultivar. Two other alleles, R5 and R6, were postulated to explain the observed segregation ratios in certain crosses.
It can be inferred that P.s. pv. pisi races 2, 3 and 4 each carry a different single a virulence gene, race 6 carries no apparent avirulence genes, and race 7 carries at least A2, A3 and A4. Race 1 carries Al, A3, A4 and possibly A6; race 5 carries A2, A4 and possibly A5 and A6.