Effects of capsaicin on cognitive impairment and mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion

AIM:To observe the effects of capsaicin on cognitive impairment and mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) of hippocampal CA1 area in the rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), and to investigate the underlying molecule mechanism of cognitive defects induced by ischemia. METHODS:Healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats(n=48) were randomly divided into sham operation (sham) group,CCH model (CCH) group, capsaicin group,and solvent group, 12 rats in each group. Capsaicin at 2.5 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected twice a week for 4 weeks, starting on the 7th day after surgery. The rats in solvent group were given the same amount of solvent at the same time and under the same conditions. Morris water maze, object recognition test and open field test were conducted to analyze the cognitive related behavior performance on the 4th week after surgery. The changes of MAMs in the hippocampal CA1 region were observed under transmission electron microscope, the co-localization of the MAMs was observed by immunofluorescence double-labeling, and the expression of mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) in the hippocampal tissue was determined by Western blot.RESULTS:Four weeks after the operation, the behavior tests showed that the cognitive function of CCH rats was impaired compared with sham operation group. Compared with solvent group, spatial learning and memory in capsaicin group was improved significantly. The results of transmission electron microscope and confocal microscope showed that the distance of MAMs in the hippocampal CA1 area of CCH rats was increased compared with sham operation group, and the co-localization of the contacts was decreased (P<0.05). Compared with solvent group, the correlation between the mitochondria and ER in capsaicin group was increased (P<0.05). The protein level of Mfn2 in CCH group was significantly lower than that in sham group (P<0.05). Compared with solvent group, the protein level of Mfn2 in capsaicin group was higher (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:CCH rats showed decreased cognitive function and loosen MAMs. Capsaicin improves the cognitive behavior of CCH rats by up-regulation of MAMs.     

Regulatory effect of astragaloside IV on SDF-1α/CXCR4 in EPCs

AIM: To investigate the effects of astragaloside IV (AS-IV) on chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α) in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and its mechanism. METHODS: Rat bone marrow-derived EPCs were cultured in vitro. The proliferation, adhesion, migration, apoptosis and tube formation capacity of EPCs treated with AS-IV and AMD3100, a specific blocker of CXCR4, were observed. The effects of AS-IV on the expression of SDF-1α/CXCR4 at mRNA and protein levels and the protein level of p-CXCR4 in the EPCs were determined. RESULTS: AS-IV significantly enhanced the proliferation, adhesion, migration and tube formation abilities of EPCs, reduced the apoptosis of EPCs, and up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of SDF-1α and CXCR4 and the p-CXCR4 protein level in the EPCs. On the other hand, AMD3100 blocked the up-regulating effect of AS-IV on the mRNA and protein expression of CXCR4 and the p-CXCR4 protein level in the EPCs, but did not affect the effect of AS-IV on the expression of SDF-1α. CONCLUSION: AS-IV might enhance the biological function of EPCs by regulating the expression of SDF-1α/CXCR in EPCs.     

浅谈东北城市垂直绿化

对垂直绿化的美学和生态功能以及垂直绿化应用的类别方面进行阐述,较为全面的介绍了垂直绿化对东北城市的园林绿化的重要作用。     

气吸式杂交稻单粒排种器研制

针对气力式水稻精量排种器充种不稳定、单粒播种精度不高和播种量大的问题,该研究设计了一种具有矩形吸种孔和辅助充种装置的气吸式杂交稻单粒排种器。根据“吉田优”型杂交稻的长短轴重力分布情况,确定排种盘吸种孔形状;基于CFD-DEM(Computational fluid dynamics, Discrete element method)流固耦合理论,以吸附力为指标,进行5类具有相同面积的吸种孔单因素仿真试验,确定吸附力最大的吸种孔规格为0.8 mm×2.25 mm;以该型吸种孔为基础,选取辅助充种角、工作转速和工作负压为试验因素,以单粒率S、多粒率M和漏播率L为试验指标,开展Box-Bhnken台架试验,对试验结果进行响应曲面分析和多目标优化,得到排种盘辅助充种角为80.90°、工作转速为42.65 r/min、工作负压为621 Pa时,排种器的单粒率为86.91%,漏播率为3.63%。验证试验结果的排种器单粒率为86.36%、漏播率为3.41%,与优化结果吻合。研究结果可为后续气吸式杂交稻单粒排种器的优化设计和直播机整机作业精度的提高提供指导。     

牛体外受精卵的二步法培养体系的研究

以CR1aa为基础培养液,采用二步法对牛体外受精卵进行体外培养,完善牛体外受精卵的培养体系.实验一:对照组连续7 d均为CR1aa 50 mL/L FBS培养,处理组前3 d为CR1aa 3 mg/mLBSA培养,后4 d换为CR1aa 50 mL/L FBS.处理组的囊胚率显著高于对照组,但卵裂率和囊胚孵化率无显著差异.实验二:对照组连续7 d均为CR1aa 50 mL/L FBS培养,处理组前3 d为CR1aa培养,后4 d换为CR1aa 50 mL/L FBS.处理组的卵裂率显著高于对照组,但囊胚率和囊胚孵化率差异不显著.实验三:对照组连续7 d均为CR1aa 50 mL/L FBS 0.1mmol/L GSH培养,处理组前3 d为CR1aa 0.1 mmol/L GSH培养,后4 d换为CR1aa 50 mL/L FBS 0.1 mmol/L GSH.处理组的卵裂率显著高于对照组,囊胚率极显著高于对照组,但囊胚孵化率差异不显著.结果表明,GSH与二步法培养系统结合相对于传统的一步法培养系统更适于牛体外受精卵的体外培养.     

水稻类病斑突变体的初步研究

粳稻秀水11经γ射线辐照诱变后获得19个类病斑突变体(xsl1～19),均属全生育期类病斑型,突变体长至分蘖期后类病斑不再变大,不导致叶片枯死,不影响植株抽穗、结实。苗期昼最高气温高于32℃后,除xsl19外其他突变体类病斑均消褪,昼最高气温降到32℃以下类病斑又逐渐显现,植株到5叶期后类病斑不再受高温抑制。分蘖期所有突变体株高在47.56～63.54cm之间,对照株高为83.75cm,但突变体的矮化现象只出现在分蘖期前,最终不影响株高;突变体与对照抽穗时间相近,突变体穗长在9.43～15.19cm之间,对照穗长为16.41cm;突变体每穗总粒数约为88.17～165.33粒,xsl19是49.50粒,对照是76.17粒。上述结果表明,除xsl19外的突变体均表现为穗短和每穗总粒数增多。类病斑突变体对稻瘟病菌表现为感病,与抗性无关。     

水田秸秆还田机作业性能指标分析与建议

分析了目前与大、中拖配套的水田秸秆还田机作业性能指标及采标情况,并通过对2005～2007年集中进行的20个企业30个不同型号、结构还田机产品作业性能指标测试数据的分析,提出了水田秸秆还田机作业性能指标制定建议：耕深≥12cm、耕深稳定性≥85%、耕后地表平整度≤3cm、地表植被分布地表无明显的秸秆堆积现象,取消起浆溶度指标。     

气动伺服系统全局稳定快速收敛负载独立压力观测器

在气动伺服系统中实现高精度控制,通常需要采用要求全状态信息的基于模型的非线性控制算法。鉴于轻量化的设计要求或者出于成本的考虑,构建压力观测器来代替压力传感器。首先,采用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论来论证所设计的压力观测器的全局稳定性。其次,通过试验研究,选取满足试验要求的多变指数值。然后,任意设定偏离实际值的压力观测器初值,以证实该压力观测器收敛迅速且不断逼近真实值。另外,通过作用一个变刚度的载荷于系统,以证明该压力观测器是负载独立的。最后,试验表明采用所设计的压力观测器来实现气动系统的伺服控制是有效的、可行的。     

自动导航插秧机路径跟踪系统稳定性模糊控制优化方法

为了提高自动导航插秧机路径跟踪系统的稳定性,提出了一种利用模糊控制调整纯追踪模型前视距离的路径跟踪方法。在考虑自动转向系统一阶惯性环节的情况下,建立插秧机运动学模型,分析了在跟踪直线时纯追踪模型的稳定性条件;基于此稳定性条件,以速度和横向偏差为输入,以前视距离为输出,建立模糊控制模型实时调整纯追踪模型的前视距离;以洋马VP6E型水田插秧机为实验平台对所提出方法进行了实验验证,结果证明,该方法能有效提高路径跟踪系统的稳定性。