发菜生存与生长分布的微生态环境

通过野外调查 ,研究和分析了对发菜生存与生长发育起直接作用的微土壤、微气候、微地形、微植被和风向等微生态环境。发菜对生存环境的选择性很强。其中 ,干一湿交替的微气候环境是一个起决定作用的关键性因子 ,是发菜生存和生长发育的必要条件。一方面 ,发菜藻体在干燥的状态下 ,有利于干物质的积累 ,是发菜生存和生长的必要前提 ;另一方面 ,发菜藻体只有在一定湿润状态下 ,才能生长发育。由于干旱气候环境所限 ,野生发菜的生长速度极为缓慢。     

Endogenous hydrogen sulfide regulates oxidant/antioxidant balance in rat with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

AIM: To investigate the role of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in the protection against oxidative stress in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).METHODS: The rat model of COPD was established by cigarette smoking (CS) combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation. Thirty-two healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, CS+LPS group, CS+LPS+NaHS (H₂S donor) group and CS+LPS+PPG (DL-propargylglycine, an inhibitor of cystathionine-γ-lyase) group. After 30 days, the lung functions of the rats were measured, the histological changes of lungs were observed under light microscope and the pathological scores were calculated. The H₂S level in plasma and the protein expression of cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) in the lung tissues were measured. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were detected to reflect oxidative stress.RESULTS: Compared with control group, the peak expiratory flow (PEF) decreased by 24% and intra-pressure (IP) increased by 66% in CS+LPS group. The pathological scores of the lung tissues also increased. Compared with CS+LPS group, no change in the lung function was observed after given NaHS or PPG, but the pathological scores decreased in CS+ LPS+ NaHS group. Compared with control group, the content of H₂S in plasma was increased by 26% on day 16. Compared with CS+LPS group, the content of H₂S in plasma of CS+LPS+PPG group was decreased by 22% after 30 days. Compared with control group, the protein expression of CSE increased, and no statistical difference among CS+LPS group, CS+ LPS+ NaHS group and CS+LPS+PPG group was observed. Compared with control group, MDA content in the lung tissues was increased by 24% in CS+LPS group, the activity of SOD was increased by 47% and the activity of CAT was increased by 52%. Compared with CS+LPS group, the MDA content in CS+LPS+NaHS group was decreased by 21%, and no statistical difference in the activity of SOD and CAT was observed. The activity of SOD decreased by 33% after given PPG.CONCLUSION: H₂S plays a role as anti-oxidant in the rats with COPD. The CSE/ H₂S pathway may be involved in the development of COPD.     

血清对水牛卵母细胞体外成熟、体外受精及早期胚胎发育的影响

从屠宰场收集了本地水牛55头、黑白花奶牛22头的卵巢共获卵泡847枚,平均每个水牛卵巢回收3.67枚可用卵母细胞,约为黑白花奶牛(10.23枚/头)的1/3。试验分别采用添加与不添加血清的培养液体外成熟培养水牛卵母细胞,结果二者的成熟率无明显毒性差异(58.23%对56.67%),但体外受精后早期胚胎发育的8-细胞率有显著差异(35.4%对23.0%),表明体外成熟液中有无血清对水牛卵母细胞体外成熟率没有影响,但血清对卵母细胞的早期胚胎发育有重要影响。进一步比较成熟液中不添加血清但在受精液及胚胎液中添加血清和在各个阶段均有血清参与的早期胚胎发育率(8-细胞率),表明二者差异不显著(33.8%对35.4%)。经无血清成熟培养液培养的成熟卵母细胞可以经孤雌激活后得到早期胚胎(4细胞)。     

一种溶质运移数学模型的应用研究

土壤中溶质运移的过程、规律和机理是土壤溶质运移研究的主要内容。本文的目的是对模拟非饱和介质中水分和溶质迁移的二维数值模型SWMS－2D进行研究和验证。以硝酸盐形式存在的溶解氮是地下水中最常见的污染物，将硝态氮视为土壤溶质，考虑其根系吸收、生物固持、吸附、解吸、硝化和反硝化等作用，土壤表面即上边界条件用大气边界条件描述，下边界条件定为第一类边界条件，在田间条件下对模型作了检验。     

西双版纳望天树林的群落组成和结构特征研究

利用1992~1993年在西双版纳自然保护区的勐腊县补蚌片区建立的5块望天树林固定样地的观测资料,从物种组成、科属区系特征、水平布局和垂直布局方面对该群落的组成和结构特征进行了研究,采用α多样性指数及联合熵H(X,Y)分析了望天树林群落结构的多样性;采用β多样性指数比较了样地间的多样性。结果表明:西双版纳望天树林物种相当丰富,在5块50 m×50 m的固定样地内计有种子植物68科176属380种。该群落中热带科有57科,占89.1%,热带属有163属,占92.6%,反映出其强烈的热带性质。根据树高的分布情况,将该群落的地上垂直结构分为5层,即计有乔木3层,灌木层和草本层。而对群落内物种的水平分布格局所进行的检测结果显示,所选择的3个主要树种(望天树、木奶果、假海桐)在5块固定样地内均为典型的集群分布。联合熵分析表明,其群落结构的多样性指数为15.800 8~21.005 3。     

上层冠层因子对马尾松肉桂复层林下层林分生物量的影响

采用标准地定位监测方法,选取不同栽培模式马尾松(Pinus massoniana)肉桂(Cinnamomum cassia)人工复层林上层林冠的叶面积指数、平均叶倾角、直接辐射透过系数、散射辐射透过系数、消光系数等5个冠层因子作为影响下层林分生长的光环境指标,利用主成分分析法研究影响肉桂林分生物量的主要光环境影响因子。结果表明,不同上层密度光环境下的肉桂各器官生物量变化明显;在主成分分析中,马尾松冠层叶面积指数、平均叶倾角和直接辐射透过系数三者的方差贡献率累计达到99.37%,是影响下层林生长的主导光环境因子;肉桂生物量的主成分回归模型具有良好的拟合度,从回归模型中可得出影响肉桂生物量的主要因子是上层林冠层的直接辐射透过系数。     

降低饲粮氮或/和磷含量并添加复合酶对生长猪生长性能、养分消化率和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究降低饲粮氮或/和磷含量并添加复合酶对生长猪生长性能、养分消化率和血清生化指标的影响。试验选择96头体重为(36.0±4.8)kg的生长猪,随机分为4组(每组3个重复,每个重复8头猪),分别饲喂不添加复合酶的正常饲粮(对照组)、添加复合酶的低氮饲粮(低氮组)、添加复合酶的低磷饲粮(低磷组)和添加复合酶的低氮低磷饲粮(低氮低磷组),试验期为37d。结果显示:各组间平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比均无显著差异(P>0.05)。低磷组和低氮低磷组生长猪的磷消化率显著高于对照组和低氮组(P<0.05)。除半胱氨酸(Cys)、蛋氨酸(Met)和酪氨酸(Tyr)的消化率低氮低磷组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)外,其他氨基酸的消化率各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。低氮低磷组生长猪血清中钙含量显著高于对照组和低磷组(P<0.05),4组之间血清中总蛋白、磷、尿素氮含量与碱性磷酸酶活性均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结果表明,在适量降低生长猪饲粮中氮和磷含量的同时添加复合酶对生长猪的生长性能无显著影响,还可以提高磷的利用效率,减少粪便中氮和磷的排放。     

苯酚在兽医生物制品检测中的应用

作者们发现可以用低浓度苯酚作为破乳剂将油乳剂疫苗中水相分离出来,利用后者在体外进行免疫学测定。应用这个方法发现市售减蛋综合症疫苗中的血凝价为２１０,市售卵黄抗体中新城疫病毒血凝抑制价和抗法氏囊病病毒抗体价分别为２７～２９和２５～２７。     

仔猪腹泻防治效果观察

对怀孕母猪注射疫苗、投服药物,使其所产仔猪获得被动免疫,与此同时,对仔猪投服预防性药物,达到预防仔猪腹泻的目的.通过实践,使仔猪腹泻的发病率由35.65%下降到16.79%,死亡率由10.8%下降到0.98%,取得了较好的防治效果.     

胚胎分割技术研究进展

本文对胚胎分割的研究进展、技术方法及其相关问题进行阐述.