探索“中国风”——谈中国插花艺术的传承与创新

中国传统插花艺术源远流长,因其具备端庄典雅的造型、富有诗意的画面、形神兼备的意境、师法自然的手法等特点而备受推崇和青睐。随着时代的发展,中国现代插花艺术该如何传承与创新,文章试从中国传统插花艺术的风格与特点出发,探讨现代插花艺术设计中的"中国风"。     

藏鸡胚死亡曲线分析研究

本文通过对四批藏鸡胚死亡曲线进行统计,分析出：引起藏鸡胚死亡的原因除种鸡的健康状况、种蛋品质、种蛋保存外,主要是高海拔低压缺氧环境和后期相对湿度较低造成的。从而为提高藏鸡种蛋孵化率提供理论依据。     

犬寄生虫病的诊断及其防治

犬的寄生虫病在兽医临床上占有重要地位,给养殖业造成较大危害,同时也严重地威胁到人体健康。如何对犬寄生虫病进行有效地诊断和防控,文章提出了规范的检测程序、检测方法和驱虫模式以及使用药物驱虫的注意事项。     

利用叶绿素含量及荧光动力学参数评价青贮玉米耐旱关键指标研究

利用叶绿素荧光仪测定了26份青贮玉米自交系和105个组合的叶绿素含量及荧光动力学参数,对其生理性状关键耐旱指标进行主成分及相关分析,并进行配合力及遗传参数分析。青贮玉米Fv/Fm的影响因素大 小依次为：叶片Fv>叶片Fm>叶片Fo>叶片Area>叶片SPAD>苞叶Fv/Fm>苞叶SPAD。筛选出了5个关键指 标(叶片Fm、叶片Fv、叶片Area、叶片Fv/Fm、叶片SPAD)及一般配合力(GCA)较高的9份自交系和特殊配合力(SCA)较高的19个组合。在F₁吐丝期,叶片Fo、叶片Area主要受基因加性效应支配;叶片Fm、叶片Fv的加性与 非加性效应相当;叶片Fv/Fm、叶片SPAD主要受基因非加性效应支配。狭义遗传力(h²N,)大小依次为：叶片SPAD>叶片Area>叶片Fo>叶片Fv>叶片Fm>叶片Fv/Fm。通过对叶片Fv的早代正向直接选择、叶片Fo的早代 负向直接选择,以及对叶片Fv/Fm的杂种优势利用,可提高旱区青贮玉米单位面积生物产量。叶绿素含量及荧光 动力学参数可用于青贮玉米的耐旱性筛选。     

云南省德宏州发现3种草地贪夜蛾幼虫寄生蜂

重大迁飞性害虫草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)自2019年1月入侵我国以来,已对我国粮食安全构成重大威胁。为加速对我国草地贪夜蛾寄生性天敌资源的发掘与防治潜能的评估,我们于2019年9月-11月对云南省德宏州玉米和小麦上草地贪夜蛾的寄生性天敌开展田间调查并对采集到的天敌进行分子鉴定。共发现3种草地贪夜蛾幼虫寄生蜂,分别为斯氏侧沟茧蜂Microplitis similis Lyle、半闭弯尾姬蜂Diadegma semiclausum Hellen和斜纹夜蛾长距姬小蜂Euplectrus laphygmae Ferrière,田间最高自然寄生率分别为12.00%、22.30%和5.33%。另外,田间调查发现在玉米和大豆上斯氏侧沟茧蜂还可寄生与草地贪夜蛾同属的斜纹夜蛾S.litura幼虫;在大豆和杂草上斜纹夜蛾长距姬小蜂可寄生甜菜夜蛾S.exigua幼虫。本研究将为今后开展草地贪夜蛾天敌昆虫的保护和利用提供重要参考。     

Irrigation scheduling based on yield and quality in Bromus inermis北大核心CSCD

A suitably calculated irrigation regime can improve the productivity of artificial grassland,improve the quality of pasture and enhance water use efficiency in drier areas. In this research we compared the effects of two irrigation regimes（regulated deficit irrigation at different growth stages,I1;regulated deficit irrigation over the whole growth period ,I2）on yield and quality of Bromus inermis in the Hexi Corridor. Irrigation scheduling was optimized by considering the results of field trials and simulations of irrigation scheduling in typical dry years to provide a theoretical basis for local production practices. The results showed that：The yield of B. inermis in I1 initially increased and then decreased with successive increases in the amount of water applied,while in I2 B. inermis yield showed an increasing trend across the range of irrigation rates tested. In both irrigation regimes,the crude protein content of B. inermis gradually decreased with increasing water supply,while the acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents increased somewhat. Compared with I2,B. inermis yield was increased by 23.11% on average and crude protein content by 6. 09% on average in I1;therefore,the I1 irrigation regime was superior. Based on the field trial combined with the simulation of irrigation scheduling in a typical dry year,it was found that a treatment designated ［greening stage （75%-85% θFC）,jointing stage （65%-85% θFC）,and tasseling stage （65%-85% θFC）,I1DF1］,irrigation frequency of 12 times,and a total irrigation amount of 521. 76 mm provided water-saving benefits and stable yield in B. inermis in the Hexi Corridor. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

Endogenous hydrogen sulfide regulates oxidant/antioxidant balance in rat with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

AIM: To investigate the role of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in the protection against oxidative stress in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).METHODS: The rat model of COPD was established by cigarette smoking (CS) combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation. Thirty-two healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, CS+LPS group, CS+LPS+NaHS (H₂S donor) group and CS+LPS+PPG (DL-propargylglycine, an inhibitor of cystathionine-γ-lyase) group. After 30 days, the lung functions of the rats were measured, the histological changes of lungs were observed under light microscope and the pathological scores were calculated. The H₂S level in plasma and the protein expression of cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) in the lung tissues were measured. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were detected to reflect oxidative stress.RESULTS: Compared with control group, the peak expiratory flow (PEF) decreased by 24% and intra-pressure (IP) increased by 66% in CS+LPS group. The pathological scores of the lung tissues also increased. Compared with CS+LPS group, no change in the lung function was observed after given NaHS or PPG, but the pathological scores decreased in CS+ LPS+ NaHS group. Compared with control group, the content of H₂S in plasma was increased by 26% on day 16. Compared with CS+LPS group, the content of H₂S in plasma of CS+LPS+PPG group was decreased by 22% after 30 days. Compared with control group, the protein expression of CSE increased, and no statistical difference among CS+LPS group, CS+ LPS+ NaHS group and CS+LPS+PPG group was observed. Compared with control group, MDA content in the lung tissues was increased by 24% in CS+LPS group, the activity of SOD was increased by 47% and the activity of CAT was increased by 52%. Compared with CS+LPS group, the MDA content in CS+LPS+NaHS group was decreased by 21%, and no statistical difference in the activity of SOD and CAT was observed. The activity of SOD decreased by 33% after given PPG.CONCLUSION: H₂S plays a role as anti-oxidant in the rats with COPD. The CSE/ H₂S pathway may be involved in the development of COPD.     

小菜蛾Btk抗性品系对四种Bt杀虫晶体蛋白抗性发展的研究

使用苏云金芽胞杆菌库斯塔克亚种（Btk）可湿性粉剂对小菜蛾进行继代汰选获得F80代和F100代抗性品系。通过分别测定Cry1Ab、Cry1Ac、Cry1Ah和Cry1Ca四种杀虫晶体蛋白对小菜蛾Btk抗性品系F80代和F100代的室内毒力,明确了小菜蛾Btk抗性品系对四种Bt杀虫晶体蛋白抗性发展规律。研究结果表明,汰选至F80代时,Cry1Ca对小菜蛾的毒力最高,LC50约12.1mg/L,其次为Cry1Ac,LC50约47.7mg/L;而汰选至F100代时,仍以Cry1Ca对小菜蛾的毒力最高,LC50约21.4 mg/L,其次为Cry1Ab,LC50约72.2 mg/L。与相对敏感品系相比,小菜蛾抗性品系对Cry1Ac的抗性发展较快（抗性倍数高达67.3～106.8倍）,对Cry1Ab的次之（抗性倍数高达60.0～66.1倍）,而对Cry1Ca和Cry1Ah的抗性发展较慢（抗性倍数分别为3.4～6.0倍和1.6～2.5倍）。以上结果说明,在主效杀虫基因为Cry1Ac的Btk药剂选择压力下,小菜蛾对四种Bt杀虫晶体蛋白的抗性发展速度差异较大,且Cry1Ac和Cry1Ab存在交互抗性风险...     

急性感染猪瘟病毒猪体外排毒规律的观察

为研究CSFV感染后在体外的传播途径、排毒规律,针对CSFV基因组设计了一对引物和一条探针,建立了一套CSFV荧光定量PCR(FQ-PCR)检测方法,并以质粒为标准品得到扩增标准曲线.对18个CSFV阳性质控样本检测全阳性,6个CSFV阴性质控样本检测全阴性,显示良好敏感性和特异性.应用此方法对石门株感染的16头60日龄长白猪和1头阴性对照猪的粪便、尿液、眼分泌物和唾液中病毒含量进行了动态测定,结果表明从感染后第1天到频死前第8天,粪便中均能检测出病毒;尿液和眼分泌物至少能从第3天,唾液从第4天开始检测出病毒,且病毒含量呈增加趋势.本研究对急性感染猪瘟病毒猪体外排毒规律进行了系统研究,为弄清CSFV感染病程、致病机理及临床诊断奠定了重要理论基础.     

血清对水牛卵母细胞体外成熟、体外受精及早期胚胎发育的影响

从屠宰场收集了本地水牛55头、黑白花奶牛22头的卵巢共获卵泡847枚,平均每个水牛卵巢回收3.67枚可用卵母细胞,约为黑白花奶牛(10.23枚/头)的1/3。试验分别采用添加与不添加血清的培养液体外成熟培养水牛卵母细胞,结果二者的成熟率无明显毒性差异(58.23%对56.67%),但体外受精后早期胚胎发育的8-细胞率有显著差异(35.4%对23.0%),表明体外成熟液中有无血清对水牛卵母细胞体外成熟率没有影响,但血清对卵母细胞的早期胚胎发育有重要影响。进一步比较成熟液中不添加血清但在受精液及胚胎液中添加血清和在各个阶段均有血清参与的早期胚胎发育率(8-细胞率),表明二者差异不显著(33.8%对35.4%)。经无血清成熟培养液培养的成熟卵母细胞可以经孤雌激活后得到早期胚胎(4细胞)。