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521.
Background:Whey permeate is an effective lactose source for nursery pigs and the most benefits are obtained when pigs are at 7 to 11 kg BW.Altering weaning ages could cause different length of early-weaner phases until 7 kg BW and thus it would influence the dietary need of whey permeate during 7 to 11 kg BW of pigs.This study aimed to evaluate if weaning ages would affect the dietary needs of whey permeate for optimum growth performance of pigs at 7 to 11 kg BW.Methods:A total of 1,632 pigs were weaned at d 21(d 21.2±1.3)or d 25(d 24.6±1.1)after birth.All pigs had a common early-weaner feeds until they reached 7 kg BW.When pigs reached 7 kg BW within a weaning age group,they were allotted in a randomized complete block design(2×4 factorial).Two factors were weaning age groups(21 and 25 d of age)and varying whey permeate levels(7.50%,11.25%,15.00%,and 18.75%).Data were analyzed using the GLM and NLIN procedures of SAS for slope-ratio and broken-line analyses to determine the growth response to whey permeate and optimal daily whey permeate intake for the growth of the pigs weaned at different ages.Results:Pigs weaned at 21 d of age had a common diet for 11 d to reach 7 kg BW whereas pigs weaned at 25 d of age needed 2 d.The G:F of pigs weaned at 25 d of age responded to increased daily whey permeate intake greater(P<0.05)than pigs weaned at 21 d of age.Breakpoints were obtained(P<0.05)at 88 and 60 g/d daily whey permeate intake or 17.0%and 14.4%of whey permeate for G:F of pigs weaned at 21 and 25 d of age,respectively.Conclusion:Pigs weaned at an older age with a short early-weaner phase had a greater growth response to whey permeate intake compared with pigs weaned at a younger age with a long early-weaner phase.Altering weaning ages affected dietary needs of whey permeate for optimum growth performance of pigs from 7 to 11 kg BW. 相似文献
522.
Sung Chul Park Jung-Ho Lee Ji-Yeon Hwang Oh-Seok Kwon Lijuan Liao Dong-Chan Oh Ki-Bong Oh Jongheon Shin 《Marine drugs》2021,19(8)
Ochraceopetalin (1), a mixed-biogenetic salt compound and its component 2 were isolated from the culture broths of a marine-derived fungus, Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis. Based on combined spectroscopic and chemical analyses, the structure of 1 was determined to be a sulfonated diphenylether-aminol-amino acid ester guanidinium salt of an unprecedented structural class, while 2 was determined to be the corresponding sulfonated diphenylether. Ochraceopetaguanidine (3), the other guanidine-bearing aminol amino acid ester component, was also prepared and structurally elucidated. Compound 1 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against K562 and A549 cells. 相似文献
523.
A study was made of measures to revitalize mountain ginseng cultivation in the eastern mountainous area of Muju, Jinan and Jangsu municipalities of North Jeolla province, South Korea. The targeted area is typical forested land and is utilized for the cultivation of ginseng. Access to seeds and seedlings for mountain ginseng cultivation is relatively easy in North Jeolla province, and the species is cultivated widely (on 63 % of the area of the province and by 74 % of farmers). This study investigated the current state of mountain ginseng cultivation and business management, including production costs and subsidy, sales and distribution system, and other business management concerns. A survey was conducted on 86 mountain ginseng-cultivating farming households living in the targeted area in 2013. It is concluded that to achieve greater production an aggressive government policy promoting the renting out of suitable sites for mountain ginseng cultivation in national and public production forestland to individual farms and farming cooperatives is necessary. Further research on increasing the survival rate of cultivated mountain ginseng (CMG) until harvesting and preventing damage by wild animals is also deemed necessary. More effective use of related municipal budget subsidy needs to be supported selectively to the enterprising farmers who aggressively pursue mountain ginseng cultivation and business management. Opening CMG retail stores to realize sustainable income growth and developing various processed products will increase farm income. The government needs to introduce policies to sustain consumer trust in CMG through initiatives such as establishing a CMG quality management system for growers, distributing government-approved seeds, and implementing a government-based CMG purchase system. 相似文献
524.
Kyoung T Kim Gyu H Jeon Sung H Cho Sang G Lim Mun‐Gyeong Kwon Jin‐Hyung Yoo 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(10):1502-1510
Effects of various concentrations of Scutellaria baicalensis (SB) extract in diets on growth, body composition, serum chemistry and disease challenge test of far eastern catfish (Silurus asotus) were determined and compared with a commercially available immune enhancer. Eight experimental diets were prepared in triplicate: control (Con) diet without supplementation of SB and SB‐0.25, SB‐0.5, SB‐1, SB‐2, SB‐3 and SB‐5 diets containing SB at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 5%, respectively. In addition, 0.1% of a commercial immune enhancer product (CP) was also tested. No significant difference in weight gain of fish was found. Feed consumption, feed efficiency ratio and protein retention of fish were not affected by the experimental diets. At the end of the 8‐week feeding trial, 10 externally normal fish from each tank were infected by Vibrio anguillarum or Strepotococcus iniae. Cumulative mortality of fish fed the Con diet was higher than that of fish fed the all other diets in 10 and 25 days after V. anguillarum or S. iniae infection. Results of this study indicated that dietary inclusion of SB extract was effective in improving survival of eastern catfish after V. anguillarum and S. iniae infection, but the various concentrations of SB did not affect fish performance. 相似文献
525.
The dyeing and color fastness properties of two reactive-disperse dyes containing a sulfatoethylsulfone group on nylon, PET
and N/P mixture fabrics were examined. The rate of dyeing on nylon fabric was greatly dependent upon dye bath pH. The final
dye uptakes at all pH, however, were as high as 97 %. Color strength of the dyed nylon fabric linearly increased up to 0.5
%owf and then slowed down over 1 %owf dyeing. Washing and rubbing fastness of the dyed nylon fabric were excellent, but grade
of light fastness was moderate. Dyeability of the reactive-disperse dyes on PET fabric was not much affected by pH, and K/S
values of PET fabric dyed at pH 5–8 were lower than those of nylon fabric at all pH examined. Buildup and color fastnesses
properties on PET fabric showed the same tendency with nylon fabric. The rate of dyeing of the reactive-disperse dyes on nylon
fabric was faster than on PET fabric when both fabrics were dyed simultaneously in the same dye pot, resulting in higher color
strength of nylon than PET. The reactive-disperse dyes were found to be adequate to the one-bath, one-step dyeing of N/P mixture
fabric when applied at pH 5 and 120 °C. 相似文献
526.
A new germacrane-type sesquiterpenoid, menelloide E (1), and a new cembrane-type diterpenoid, lobocrassin F (2), were isolated from the octocorals Menella sp. and Lobophytum crassum, respectively. The structures of terpenoids 1 and 2 were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods and compound 2 was found to display a significant inhibitory effect on the release of elastase by human neutrophils. 相似文献
527.
This study was performed to evaluate stabilization of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins by polyphenolic fractions in hot
water extract (HWE) from Pinus radiata bark against enzymatic degradation and radicals. To obtain polyphenolic fractions with different molecular weight (MW) distribution,
HWE was fractionated into monomeric polyphenols (MPP), oligomeric proanthocyanidin (OPA), and polymeric proanthocyanidin (PPA)
fractions by monitoring the UV–visible spectrum of the eluted fractions. For HWE, MPP, OPA, and PPA, the collagen (15 mg)-stabilizing
capacities at 192 μg/mL were 86, 64, 76, and 88%, respectively, while the elastin-stabilizing capacities at 45.5 μg/mL were
37.6, 1.5, 10.8, and 41.8%, respectively. Among these fractions with different MW distribution, PPA played a significant role
in the ECM (collagen and elastin) stabilization in a dose-dependent manner. It could be considered that adsorption of PPA
onto the ECM is a significant mechanism of polyphenols for collagen protection. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free
radical- and 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS
•+)-scavenging activity of PPA adsorbed onto collagen showed a dose-dependent increase. 相似文献
528.
Han Jo Bae Youn-Sung Kim Soon-Yong Chun Un-Ho Ji Mu Han Kim Sung Soo Han 《Fibers and Polymers》2008,9(3):323-327
High regularity is important in manufacturing spun yarn. Among controllers used in regularity control, existing PID controller
is suitable for linear time-invariant systems but not for the control of sliver draft systems with non-linear characteristic.
Thus, the present study designed a knowledge-based fuzzy controller in consideration of disturbance and non-linear characteristic
of sliver draft systems. RLS (Recursive Least Squares) was used as an estimation algorithm to formulate a model used in computer
simulation for implementing the controller, and real time estimation was made using real data from draft systems to get a
model close to actual systems. This research used a estimation model in designing a knowledge-based controller that minimizes
the variation of control response to the sliver linear density of the system, and the result of linear density control was
used to prove the superiority of the controller in control performance through CV%. 相似文献
529.
Soo Jin Baek Seong Yun Kim Seung Hwan Lee Jae Ryoun Youn Sung Hee Lee 《Fibers and Polymers》2008,9(6):747-754
In order to investigate effects of injection molding conditions on viscoelastic behavior and thermal deformation of film insert
molded (FIM) parts, injection molding was performed with various conditions such as injection speed, melt temperature, and
packing time. It was shown that variation of the warpage was decreased monotonically with increasing injection speed and exhibited
a bell-shaped curve as a function of melt temperature. Warpage variation was not affected by the packing time significantly
and the proportional relationship between warpage of the film insert molded part and shrinkage of the injection molded part
without film was observed. The FIM specimens produced with unannealed films showed the warpage reversal phenomenon (WRP) during
annealing and the magnitude of reversed warpage was affected significantly by the injection parameters and the extent of thermal
shrinkage of the unannealed film. Warpage of the FIM specimen was predicted by three dimensional numerical flow and stress
analyses and the predicted values showed a good agreement with the experimental results. 相似文献
530.
Kuo CJ Liao YC Yang JH Huang LC Chang CT Sung HY 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(23):11507-11514
A class III chitinase cDNA (BoChi3-1) was cloned using a cDNA library from suspension-cultured bamboo ( Bambusa oldhamii ) cells and then transformed into yeast ( Pichia pastoris X-33) for expression. Two recombinant chitinases with molecular masses of 28.3 and 35.7 kDa, respectively, were purified from the yeast's culture broth to electrophoretic homogeneity using sequential ammonium sulfate fractionation, Phenyl-Sepharose hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and Con A-Sepharose chromatography steps. N-Terminal sequencing and immunoblotting revealed that both recombinant chitinases were encoded by BoChi3-1, whereas SDS-PAGE and glycoprotein staining showed that the 35.7 kDa isoform (35.7 kDa BoCHI3-1) was glycosylated and the 28.3 kDa isoform (28.3 kDa BoCHI3-1) was not. For hydrolysis of ethylene glycol chitin (EGC), the optimal pH values were 3 and 4 for 35.7 and 28.3 kDa BoCHI3-1, respectively; the optimal temperatures were 80 and 70 degrees C, and the K(m) values were 1.35 and 0.65 mg/mL. The purified 35.7 kDa BoCHI3-1 hydrolyzed EGC more efficiently than the 28.3 kDa isoform, as compared with their specific activity and activation energy. Both recombinant BoCHI3-1 isoforms showed antifungal activity against Scolecobasidium longiphorum and displayed remarkable thermal (up to 70 degrees C) and storage (up to a year at 4 degrees C) stabilities. 相似文献