茶树病程相关蛋白基因CsPR5的克隆及表达分析

为探究茶树中病程相关蛋白5(pathogenesis-related protein 5,PR5)在茶树中的功能,采用cDNA末端快速扩增(rapid amplification of cDNA end,RACE)技术克隆了PR5基因的全长;通过荧光定量PCR方法检测了CsPR5在龙井43茶树不同组织部位、植物激素(茉莉酸、乙烯利和水杨酸)处理、茶炭疽病菌Colletotrichum camelliae侵染和小贯小绿叶蝉Empoasca onukii为害后的表达特征。结果表明,CsPR5基因开放阅读框为843 bp,编码281个氨基酸。CsPR5基因在茶树根、茎、嫩叶、花和种子5个组织中的相对表达量分别为0.187、3.093、0.928、0.045和0.012,且五者之间差异显著,主要在茎和叶中表达,其分别为根中相对表达量的16.54倍与4.96倍。水杨酸处理6 h及乙烯利处理6、12 h后,茶树CsPR5基因的相对表达量分别为1.622、2.344和1.845,分别比对照显著上调2.20倍、3.18倍和2.35倍;但是外施茉莉酸对茶树CsPR5基因的相对表达量无影响。茶炭疽病菌侵染显著诱导了茶树CsPR5基因的相对表达量,处理后的相对表达量为1.977,是对照的1.90倍;小贯小绿叶蝉取食显著抑制了其为害部位CsPR5的相对表达量,为7.273,仅为对照的38.80%,但该诱导不具系统性。     

Effects of dietary oregano essential oil supplementation on growth performance,intestinal antioxidative capacity,immunity, and intestinal microbiota in yellow-feathered chickens

Essential oils are plant-derived aromatic volatile oils, and they contain bioactive compounds that have been shown to improve poultry nutrition. In this study, we investigated the effects of oregano essential oil (OEO) on intestinal antioxidative capacity, immunity, and gut microbiota of young yellow-feathered chickens. A total of nine hundred and sixty 1-d-old female Qingyuan partridge chickens were randomly allocated to four treatment groups with six replicates of 40 birds each, and the feeding trial was lasted for 30 d. The controls were fed on a basal diet without in-feed antibiotics; the birds in the antibiotic group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 20 mg/kg virginiamycin; the remaining birds were fed the basal diet containing 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO, respectively. Dietary supplementation with 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO increased average daily feed intake (P = 0.057) and average daily gain (P < 0.05). The activities of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidative capacity in plasma, jejuna, and ileal mucosa were increased by OEO supplementation (P < 0.05), with a trend of lower jejunal content of malonaldehyde (P = 0.062). Moreover, dietary OEO increased the content of secretory immunoglobulin A (P = 0.078) and the relative expression of Claudin 1, Mucin 2, and Avain beta-defensin 1 in ileum (P < 0.05). Sequencing data of 16S rRNA indicated that dietary OEO increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum, and Clostridium and Lactobacillus genera, and decreasing that of Romboutsia. Functional analyses indicated that microbial amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, replication, and repair systems were higher in OEO groups than those of controls and antibiotic treatment. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with OEO enhanced growth performance, alleviated local oxidative stress in intestine, improved production of natural antibodies, and favorably modulated intestinal microbiota composition.     

Inhibition of porcine circovirus type 1 and type 2 production in PK-15 cells by small interfering RNAs targeting the Rep gene

Porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) and type 2 (PCV2) are two genotypes of porcine circovirus. Both of them are presumed to be widespread in the swine population. Currently, there is no specific treatment for their infections. RNA interference (RNAi) is a sequence-specific RNA degradation mechanism mediated by small interfering RNA (siRNA), which represents a possible therapeutic application for the treatment of viral infections. In this study, three siRNA expression plasmids (pS-RepA, pS-RepB and pS-RepC) were generated to target three different coding regions of the Rep protein (Rep) of PCV. These siRNAs were used to inhibit PCV production in a porcine kidney cell line, PK-15 cells. Our results revealed that Rep gene expression was inhibited by pS-RepA, pS-RepB and pS-RepC to different degrees. Moreover, our study also showed that the production of PCV1 and PCV2 was reduced by these siRNAs. pS-RepC, which targets the middle region of Rep gene, proved to be the most efficient siRNA for inhibition of Rep expression and viral production. Taken together, our data suggest that RNAi could be investigated as a potential treatment for PCV infection.     

曲拉通和硝酸混合溶液直接提取快速测定草鱼中铅含量

为建立快速测定草鱼中铅含量的方法,通过分析曲拉通和硝酸混合溶液浓度、提取时间、称样定容体积比例等因素的影响,以及基体改进剂的使用效果,确定了草鱼中铅元素提取测定的最佳条件。验证结果显示：采用曲拉通和硝酸混合溶液提取草鱼中铅元素方法的提取率为86.5%～95.6%,加标回收率为91.5%～95.6%,精密度均小于4.0%,检出限和定量限分别为0.011和0.032 mg/kg,满足了国家标准GB 5009.12—2017第一法石墨炉原子吸收光谱法的要求。与国家标准方法比较,本研究建立方法的样品前处理时间从4～12 h缩短至0.2 h内,酸试剂用量从湿法消解的7～12 mL减少至1～2 mL;前处理过程无需高温消解,无需其他前处理设备,避免了样品污染和待测元素损失,实现了降低分析成本以及保护环境和试验人员的目的。结果表明,该方法是一种简单、准确、绿色、快速测定草鱼中铅含量的方法,尤其适合大量样品检测。     

半挂牵引车车架异常断裂原因分析

建立了以板壳单元为基本单元的半挂牵引车车架有限元分析模型,针对半挂牵引车在使用过程中车架异常断裂问题,应用NASTRAN有限元分析软件对车架强度进行了静态及模态分析。有限元分析结果表明,车架断裂现象是由于第4横梁与纵梁连接铆钉处和侧翼板前部的第1个铆钉连接处,应力值已大于或接近材料的最小屈服强度,及在该处出现较大的交变应力而产生的。有限元计算结果与实车车架断裂结果相吻合,证明所采取的建模方法和分析方法是可行的。根据实际工艺要求,给出了该车架结构的改造方法,实际改造结果表明改造方法是非常有效的,断裂区的强度有明显提高。与原结构相比,在弯曲和扭转工况下,最大应力值分别下降38%和57%。     

ANALYTIC SOLUTION OF CYLINDRICAL SHELL ROOF UNDER GENERAL TRANSVERSE LOCAL LOADINGS

This paper uses the method of mixed-type series to derive the analyticsolution of cylindrical shell roof,being simply supported transversely,arbitra-rily restrained longitudinally and subjected to gereral transverse local loads.This paper also presents the analytic expressions of the solutions for somekinds of local load.Some examples of this kind of shell roof subjected to ainlined single force near the middle of it with free lorgitudinal edges aregiven.The computation shows that the convergence of the solution is woll     

试谈现代企业成本管理的变革

现代企业生产经营是以提高经济效益为目标的。要提高经济效益,必须加强企业的成本管理。因此,在现代企业制度中强调成本管理十分重要。长期以来,在高度集中的计划经济体制下,国家通过指令性计划直接对企业进行调控。所以,企业的成本管理观念比较淡薄,即使讲成本管理,也主要是从降低消耗、节约费用考虑,侧重于对产品成本的核算,不注重所消耗成本能得到的市场价值,不在提高产品或服务的质量和功能上做文章。在社会主义市场经济体制下,企业所面临的外部和内部环境都发生了根本性的变化,传统的成本管理越来越不能适应新形势的需要。企业为了能在…     

动态油膜-裂纹转子系统非线性行为研究

利用一种非线性非稳态油膜力模型，以轴承-裂纹转子为研究对象，用数值积分结合Poincare映射和谱分析，研究了系统的非线性动力学行为。结果表明，在特定参数组合下系统中存在混沌、概周期运动等复杂的动力学行为，所得结果为同类型转子的设计及故障检测与诊断提供了一定的依据。     

变螺距诱导轮流场的数值模拟

在泵叶轮进口前置变螺距诱导轮能有效地提高泵机组的抗汽蚀性能。基于CFD技术,采用Fluent软件对变螺距诱导轮进行几何建模、选定边界条件等,数值模拟计算其内部流场。结合变螺距诱导轮的实例,给出了变螺距诱导轮内部速度与压力的分布情况以及粒子流动迹线图,得到了其内部流场的主要特征。