N2O production in the organic and mineral horizons of soil had different responses to increasing temperature

Journal of Soils and Sediments - The responses of N2O emission to increasing temperature in different soil horizons are not clearly understood yet. Here, we investigated the effects of increasing...     

纳豆激酶液体发酵条件的优化

利用单因素及正交试验,对纳豆枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis natto)液体发酵生产纳豆激酶(Nattokinase,NK)的培养基组成(碳氮比和离子组成)和培养条件(温度、pH值、发酵时间、接种量和装液量等)对产酶量的影响进行了研究。结果表明,最佳发酵培养基组成及发酵条件分别为:可溶性淀粉2.0%,大豆蛋白胨1.5%,Na2HPO4·12H2O0.4%,KH2PO40.2%,MgSO4·7H2O0.075%,CaCl20.01%,培养温度37℃,pH值7.0,发酵时间24h,转速180r/min,种龄16h,接种量3%,装液量25mL/250mL。在优化发酵条件基础上,进行了5,20L发酵工艺放大的初步研究,在此条件下,摇瓶,5L罐和20L罐发酵酶活最高分别达到915,1086,946IU/mL。     

金黄色葡萄球菌α-溶血素的研究进展

目的α-溶血素在金黄色葡萄球菌(金葡菌)肺炎的感染过程中起着非常重要的作用,可作为治疗金葡菌肺炎的新靶标。因此,研究百里香酚对金葡菌α-溶血素表达的影响具有重要意义。方法测定最小抑菌质量浓度(MIC)和生长曲线并进行了溶血试验、蛋白免疫印迹分析、荧光定量PCR以及细胞毒性试验。结果百里香酚对金葡菌USA300的MIC为256 μg/mL,亚抑菌质量浓度的百里香酚(32 μg/mL)可下调金葡菌hla和RNAIII的转录水平,降低α-溶血素的表达,对溶血素介导的肺癌上皮细胞A549损伤具有保护作用。结论百里香酚具有成为新型抗金葡菌感染药物的潜力。     

山西省冬小麦生产潜力时空分布与气象因子分析

估算一定区域内作物生产潜力,对于明确该区域作物生产力及其限制因子具有重要意义。采用农业生态区域法和生产潜力递减机制法估算山西省冬小麦生产潜力,并解析其与主要气象因子的关系。结果表明,2004-2013年山西省冬小麦平均光合、光温、气候和土地生产潜力分别介于63.63~74.81、10.86~12.97、3.68~5.65和2.71~4.73t/hm ²。山西冬小麦生产潜力分布特征为南部普遍低于中部地区,中部盆地地区普遍低于东西部高海拔地区。与2004-2008年相比,2009-2013年晋中西部地区和吕梁冬小麦光合和光温生产潜力有所增加,而晋中东部和长治东部的冬小麦气候和土地生产潜力有所降低。限制冬小麦气候和土地生产潜力的主要气象因子是生育期降水量和日平均温度。     

夏玉米田作物蒸腾与棵间土壤蒸发模拟计算方法研究

本文依据能量平衡原理和质量守恒定律，提出了作物蒸腾与棵间土壤蒸发的估算模式，并对参数的估算做了详细的分析和讨论。最后利用试验区实测资料，通过田间水热耦合运移的数值模拟，对夏玉米田作物蒸腾棵间土壤蒸发模型及其模拟计算方法进行了验证，结果表明，本文提出的模型和模拟计算方法是有效而实用的。     

互联网上的动物医学信息资源——国外部分

本文系统地介绍了互联网上国外动物医学信息资源，包括英文网络数据库、信息网站、机构和研究站点、电子期刊等其它相关网站，为用户快速、准确、全面地获取互联网上重要的和相关的动物医学文献信息资源提供了依据。     

Adenosine A2A receptor agonists inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by equine monocytes

Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside that regulates many physiological processes by activating one or more adenosine receptor subtypes, namely A1, A2A, A2B and A3. The results of previous studies indicate that adenosine analogues inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by equine neutrophils primarily through activation of A2A receptors. Because peripheral blood monocytes produce cytokines that are responsible for many of the deleterious effects of LPS, the current study was performed to evaluate the effects of an array of novel adenosine receptor agonists on LPS-induced production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and to assess the selectively of these agonists for equine adenosine A2A over the A1 receptor. Radioligand binding studies performed with equine tissues expressing adenosine A1 and A2A receptor subtypes yielded a rank order of affinity for the equine A2A receptor of ATL307>ATL309 approximately ATL310 approximately ATL313>ATL202 approximately ATL361 approximately ATL376>ATL372>CGS21680>NECA. Co-incubation of equine peripheral blood monocytes with LPS and these agonists resulted in inhibition of TNF-alpha production with a rank order of potency that strongly correlated with their binding affinities for equine adenosine A2A receptors. Results of experiments performed with one of the adenosine receptor agonists (ATL313) and selective adenosine receptor antagonists confirmed that inhibition of LPS-induced production of TNF-alpha occurred via stimulation of A2A receptors. Although incubation of monocytes with IB-MECA, a compound purported to act as an adenosine A3 receptor agonist, reduced LPS-induced TNF-alpha production, this effect of IB-MECA was inhibited by the A2A selective antagonist ZM241385 but not by the A3 receptor antagonist MRS1220. These results indicate that the adenosine receptor subtype responsible for regulation of LPS-induced cytokine production by equine monocytes is the A2A receptor. To address the signal transduction mechanism responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects of ATL313 in equine monocytes, production of cAMP was compared in the presence and absence of either the adenosine A2A receptor antagonist ZM241385 or the adenosine A2B receptor antagonist MRS1706. In the absence of the antagonists, ATL313 increased production of cAMP; ZM241385 inhibited this effect of ATL313, whereas MRS1706 did not. Furthermore, incubation of monocytes with either the stable analogue of cAMP, dibutyryl cAMP, or forskolin, an activator of adenylyl cyclase, also inhibited LPS-induced production of TNF-alpha production by equine monocytes. Collectively, the results of the current study indicate that adenosine analogues inhibit LPS-induced production of TNF-alpha by equine monocytes primarily via activation of adenosine A2A receptors and do so in a cAMP-dependent manner. The results of this study indicate that stable adenosine analogues that are selective for adenosine A2A receptors may be suitable for development as anti-inflammatory drugs in horses.     

Physiological and immunological responses to weaning and transport in the young pig: modulation by administration of porcine somatotropin

To examine the effects of exogenous porcine (p) ST on measures of stress and immune function in weaned pigs with or without transport, pigs (20 +/- 1 d of age) received daily injections of pST (0.5 mg/kg; n = 16) or saline (n = 16) for 5 d. On d 5, a blood sample was collected immediately before injection. At 4 h postinjection, pigs were weighed, sampled for blood, injected with di-nitrophenyl-conjugated keyhole limpet hemocyanin, and weaned. One half of the pigs in each group were transported for 3 h before placement in the nursery. Pigs were weighed, and blood was collected on 1, 7, and 14 d postweaning. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Serum IGF-I concentrations were increased by pST and decreased by weaning, but not affected by transport. The free cortisol index was elevated in all pigs 1 d postweaning, although less in transported versus nontransported pigs. By 7 d postweaning, the free cortisol index returned to prewean values. Serum concentrations of immunoglobulin (Ig) G increased in all pigs by 14 d postweaning, but were not affected by pST or transport. Serum IgM concentrations were elevated at 7 and 14 d postweaning. Before weaning and again 1 d postweaning, pigs treated with pST had greater concentrations of IgM than did control animals. Circulating neutrophils increased in pST-treated pigs 4 h after the final pST injection. Improved immune function in weaned pigs by pST may lead to greater health and growth in a commercial setting.     

高档育肥牛生产技术关键的分析探讨

高档牛肉的生产过程是一个系统工程．它应该包括高档育肥牛的生产及其屠宰加工两大方面。共十个环节。活牛生产的五大环节是：品种、饲料、防疫、管理和环境。屠宰加工的五大环节是：屠宰、预冷、分割（包括精修）、包装和保鲜（贮藏）。无论哪一个环节出了问题都将影响最终产品的质量。