Mitochondrial dysfunction influences apoptosis and autophagy in porcine parthenotes developing in vitro

Mitochondria are important regulators of both apoptosis and autophagy. One of the triggers for mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. Recently, several studies have indicated that ROS may also be involved in the induction of autophagy. In the present study, we used H(2)O(2) to induce mitochondrial stress, examined apoptotic- and autophagic-related gene expression and observed LC3 protein (autophagosome presence marker) expression in porcine parthenotes developing in vitro. In porcine four-cell parthenotes cultured for 5 days in NCSU37 medium containing 0.4% BSA, the developmental rate and mitochondrial distribution did not differ from that of the group supplemented with 100 μM H(2)O(2) but was significantly decreased in the group supplemented with 500 μM H(2)O(2) (P<0.05). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that whereas normal shaped mitochondria were observed in blastocysts from the control group, abnormal mitochondria (mitophagy) and autophagic vacuoles were observed in blastocysts from the group that received 500 μM H(2)O(2). Furthermore, addition of H(2)O(2) (100 μM and 500 μM) decreased cell numbers (P<0.05) and increased both apoptosis (P<0.05) and LC3 protein expression in the blastocysts. Real-time RT-PCR showed that H(2)O(2) significantly decreased mRNA expression of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-xL but increased pro-apoptotic genes, Caspase 3 (Casp3) and Bak, and autophagy-related genes, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (Map1lc3b) and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (Lamp2). However, the addition of H(2)O(2) had no effect on mRNA expression levels in nuclear DNA-encoded mitochondrial-related genes, cytochrome oxidase (Cox) 5a, Cox5b and Cox6b1, in blastocysts. These results suggest that H(2)O(2) leads to mitochondrial dysfunction that results in apoptosis and autophagy, which is possibly related to porcine early embryo development.     

2018年全球口蹄疫流行状况分析

据世界动物卫生组织(OIE)和世界口蹄疫参考实验室(WRLFMD)样品检测报告,2018年全球共有50多个国家或地区报告发生口蹄疫疫情或检测到口蹄疫病毒。在亚洲、非洲,口蹄疫继续呈地方性或暴发流行,在欧洲(如俄罗斯和土耳其)及南美洲(哥伦比亚)的部分国家呈散发性流行。本文介绍了2018年全球口蹄疫发生情况,分析总结了全球口蹄疫流行特点,简述了全球防控进展,同时结合我国口蹄疫流行情况,对我国口蹄疫防控提出了相关建议。     

选择产蛋量七个世代蛋壳及蛋品质的相关反应

以北京白鸡Ⅲ系七世代选择群和基础群为材料,估计选择产蛋量七个世代对蛋壳及蛋品质产生的相关反应.结果表明,经七个世代选择,产蛋量、蛋重、蛋白高度和哈夫单位都有所提高,而蛋壳厚度和蛋比重有一定程度下降.估计蛋壳厚度、蛋白高度和哈夫单位的遗传力分别是0.159 5、0.017 8和0.099 4.产蛋量与蛋白高度、哈夫单位和蛋壳厚度呈负遗传相关.选择产蛋量使蛋壳品质发生负向相关反应.     

秋蚕饲育技术要点

针对秋季气候环境条件,采取相应的技术措施,才能保证秋蚕稳产高产. 1 把好消毒关 在夏蚕饲养结束后,首先进行蚕后消毒,即用2%的福尔马林液或含有效氯1%的漂白粉澄清液将蚕室蚕具先消一次毒后再搬出去清洗,晒干.养蚕前又用含有效氯1%漂白粉液对蚕室蚕具进行消毒,然后用硫磺柏桠熏烟一次,最后开放门窗,准备养蚕.上一季养蚕的大蚕室和上蔟室不能用来养下一季的小蚕.在饲养中要做到蚕期继续消毒,坚持每天用漂白粉防僵粉或新鲜石灰进行蚕体蚕座消毒,如发现病蚕应及时隔离淘汰,除沙时,对死蚕和淘汰的病、弱蚕必须投入石灰缸中集中深埋.除沙后坚持换鞋进出贮桑室,坚持洗手给桑等卫生制度,隔离病源防止蚕病传播蔓延.小蚕期坚持用含有效氯0.3%的漂白粉液进行擦洗桑叶,稍干后再喂蚕.     

DDGS对鸡肉品质影响的研究

随机设置2个处理组(对照组和添加8%DDGS的试验组,n=144)来评估在肉鸡日粮中添加DDGS对鸡胸肉和鸡腿肉质量的影响。首先利用电击瞬间致昏动物,然后作放血、浸烫、打毛等处理。肉鸡死亡4h之后将胸肉和腿肉从鸡胴体上在低温条件下剥离。右侧鸡胸肉用来测定肉色、pH值、蒸煮损失、剪切力值,左侧胸肉用于感官评定;腿肉用于评估总胆汁酸(TBA)和脂肪酸组成。结果显示:添加了DDGS的试验组在肉色、pH值、蒸煮损失、剪切力值上与对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。另外,对照组和试验组在鸡肉质地上没有显著差异(P0.05),但对照组的鸡肉风味更容易被多数人所接受。一般喜欢和非常喜欢鸡肉的消费者不在这两个处理组之内,两组的试验成员属于一般可接受鸡肉的消费者。另外在感官评定的试验中,消费者对添加DDGS和对照组的鸡肉评价没有明显差异(P0.5),各组间的脂肪酸结构变化不大(P0.05),但添加DDGS处理组的鸡肉在亚油酸、多不饱和脂肪酸含量上和对照组有很大差异(P0.05),这表明试验组的鸡肉更容易被氧化。总的来说,这两种喂养方式都可以生产出高质量的鸡胸肉和鸡腿肉。     

Selection and Evaluation of Indexes Commonly Used to Determine Contamination with T-2 Toxin in Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei by the Grey Relational Method

Abstract

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of the mycotoxin T-2 toxin in feed on muscle performance in the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, evaluate indexes of physiological variables that indicate T-2 toxin contamination in the shrimp using the grey relational method, and determine the dose–response relationships between T-2 toxin and the indexes. Of the 6 physical, 7 biochemical, and 17 nutritional indexes examined, the values of the grey relational coefficients were highest for the hepatopancreas: body weight ratio (HBR), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, and serine (SER) content (0.83, 0.68, and 0.82, respectively). Therefore, the HBR, ALT activity, and SER content were selected as appropriate indexes for contamination of Pacific white shrimp muscle with T-2 toxin. Based on their dose–response relationship curves, mean effective doses of 1.45, 1.69, and 1.33 mg of T-2 toxin/kg of feed were obtained for the HBR, ALT activity, and SER content, respectively. These results offer technical reference points for the evaluation and control of T-2 toxin in shrimp feed.

Received April 28, 2016 accepted April 9, 2017 Published online July 26, 2017     

高档育肥牛生产技术关键的分析探讨

高档牛肉的生产过程是一个系统工程．它应该包括高档育肥牛的生产及其屠宰加工两大方面。共十个环节。活牛生产的五大环节是：品种、饲料、防疫、管理和环境。屠宰加工的五大环节是：屠宰、预冷、分割（包括精修）、包装和保鲜（贮藏）。无论哪一个环节出了问题都将影响最终产品的质量。     

新疆边境跨界动物疫病传入风险因素调查

新疆地域辽阔,周边国家动物疫情形势复杂,随时有传入外来动物疫病的危险。调查结果表明新疆接壤国家多且边境线长,地理环境复杂,动物及动物产品贸易频繁,野生动物种类繁多,虽然边界线隔离设施较好,但仍然存在跨界动物疫病传入的风险因素,需要有针对性地强化边境防控措施。     

Epostane对公兔血清睾酮、皮质醇的影响

将不同剂量的Ｅｐｏｓｔａｎｃ静脉注射成年公兔，测定注射后１、２、３、２４小时血清睾酮、皮质醇水平的变化。结果显示注射Ｅｐｏｓｔａｎｃ后公兔血清睾酮水平增加且与剂量相关；低剂量Ｅｐｏｓｔａｎｃ显著地降低血清皮质醇水平。