未来东北管网输量下降后的结蜡预测及分析

根据东北管网原油输量下降后管网的结蜡情况,制定未来东北管网安全经济运行方案,利用东北管网大庆原油结蜡规律的研究成果,对东北管网未来的结蜡情况进行了预测和分析,得到了有价值的结论.     

山东省苹果园土壤有机质及养分状况研究

通过大量田间采样分析了山东省三种主要土壤类型苹果园土壤的有效养分状况及其分布特点 ,结果表明 :三种土壤类型果园土中有效养分含量差异较大 ,棕壤富磷贫钾 ,潮土富钾贫磷 ,褐土介于二者之间 .不同土层间有效养分含量有较大差异 ,表层土 (0～ 2 0cm)含量最高 ,底层土 (4 0～ 60cm)含量最低 ;丰产园三土层间有效养分含量差异较少 ,低产园差异较大 ;丰产果园三土层氮磷钾比例的平均值为 :0～2 0cm1∶0 .53∶1 .59;2 0～ 4 0cm为 1∶0 .53∶1 .69;4 0～ 60cm为 1∶0 .51∶1 .72 .与 1 0年前相比 ,果园土壤有机质含量降低 ,有效氮磷钾含量增加 ,其中磷钾增幅较大 .     

Immunocytological confirmation of a diagnosis of canine distemper using cells in urine

Immunofluorescent staining of epithelial cells present in urine of early clinical cases of canine distemper confirmed the presumptive diagnosis by revealing fluorescing intracytoplasmic inclusions. Positive results were not obtained in urine samples from control dogs nor from samples from dogs ill for more than three weeks. The urine samples, with added preservative, still yielded positive results after 5 days storage at 37°C or 21 days storage at 18°C.     

The use of different vaccination schedules for sows to protect piglets against Aujeszky's disease

Several Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) vaccination protocols of sows were evaluated with regard to the passive protection conferred on piglets in a recently built commercial farm. Three different groups of sows were vaccinated using a Bartha K-61 strain. One group received an inactivated vaccine during pregnancy and the other two groups received attenuated vaccines, either during pregnancy (day 65) or on the seventh day of lactation. At farrowing, sows vaccinated during lactation had lower seroneutralization titres than those vaccinated during pregnancy either with inactivated or attenuated vaccines. Accordingly, their piglets were the ones with lower levels of maternally transferred neutralizing antibodies. At 4 weeks of age, five piglets born of each group of sows were challenged intranasally with a neurotropic strain of ADV. Piglets born of sows vaccinated during pregnancy with inactivated and attenuated vaccines gained 1.50 kg bodyweight and 2.50 kg bodyweight during 7 days, respectively, and did not show clinical signs, while piglets from sows vaccinated during the previous lactation lost 0.60 kg and presented moderate to severe clinical signs of ADV. Vaccination of sows during pregnancy provided more protection against ADV for piglets than sow vaccination before mating. Piglets born from sows vaccinated with attenuated or inactivated vaccines did not present remarkable differences on protection.     

雷公藤生物碱制品对非靶标生物的毒性研究

安全性评价是新农药开发及应用的重要基础。参照国家环保总局和农业部农药检定所制定的《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》,测定了95%雷公藤总生物碱、1.0%雷公藤生物碱微乳剂、雷公藤乙醇浸膏和助剂系统对生态环境中非靶标生物的毒性。结果表明:95%雷公藤总生物碱对鹌鹑为高毒,对蜜蜂、家蚕为中毒,对鲤鱼、蚯蚓、蝌蚪均为低毒;1.0%雷公藤生物碱微乳剂对蝌蚪为高毒,对鹌鹑和家蚕为中毒,对鲤鱼、蜜蜂和蚯蚓均为低毒;雷公藤乙醇浸膏对鹌鹑为中毒,对蜜蜂、家蚕、鲤鱼、蚯蚓和蝌蚪均为低毒;助剂系统对供试生物均为低毒。由此可见,雷公藤生物碱制品对环境生物较为安全,但在桑园和水田附近慎用,并应注意对鸟类的保护。     

玉米不同处理方式对泌乳奶牛瘤胃降解规律的影响

为了研究不同加工处理方法对玉米在奶牛瘤胃内降解率的影响,本试验选用5头荷斯坦泌乳牛利用尼龙袋法测定玉米渣、膨化玉米、玉米片和蒸汽压片玉米的干物质和淀粉在泌乳奶牛瘤胃中的降解率．．结果表明,48h的瘤胃降解率规律为：玉米片〉膨化玉米〉蒸汽压片玉米〉玉米渣。瘤胃内可降解干物质为：膨化玉米和玉米片〉蒸汽压片玉米和玉米渣;而可降解淀粉则为：膨化玉米〉玉米片〉蒸汽压片玉米〉玉米渣,以上结果表明,加工过程中温度湿度和压力的作用下,玉米籽实的结构发生变化,改变了瘤胃微生物接触淀粉的机会,从而影响玉米在瘤胃内的降解率。     

Fatty acid effect on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-beeswax edible film properties and postharvest quality of coated 'Ortanique' mandarins

The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of fatty acid (FA) type and content on mechanical properties, water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability of hydroxypropyl methycellulose (HPMC)-beeswax (BW) stand-alone edible films. The effect of these films formed as coatings on the postharvest quality of 'Ortanique' mandarins was also studied. Selected FAs were stearic acid (SA), palmitic acid (PA), and oleic acid (OA), using BW/FA ratios of 1:0.5 and 1:0.2 (w/w). HPMCBW coatings reduced weight and firmness loss of 'Ortanique' mandarins, without compromising flavor quality compared to uncoated mandarins. Coatings containing OA provided the best weight loss control at both concentrations tested; however, when the BW/OA ratio was 1:0.5, the coatings increased fruit internal CO2, ethanol, and acetaldehyde contents of 'Ortanique' mandarins, therefore reducing flavor compared to the rest of the coatings studied. Although barrier and mechanical properties might be used to understand coating performance, differences observed between film oxygen permeability and coating permeability indicate that permeance should be measured on the coated fruit.     

杨树吸收富集矿山流域污染土壤重金属的研究

为探究杨树修复矿山流域重金属污染土壤的性能,选取安徽省铜陵市某矿山流域,对其中8个采样点内人工林美洲黑杨（Populus deltoides W. Bar-tram ex Marshall）和立地土壤进行取样,测定了土壤和杨树不同部位Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb和As的含量。参考农用地土地管控标准(GB15618—2018)可知,所有采样点土壤中Cd和Pb的含量均超过农用地风险筛选值;矿山和流域下游土壤中Cd、Pb和As的含量超过农用地土壤风险管控值,Zn和Cu的含量超过农用地风险筛选值。杨树在重金属不同污染程度上的立地土壤中均生长良好,表现出较强的耐受性。从8个样点重金属的平均富集系数（BCF）和转运系数（TF）来看,杨树对Cd的富集转运能力最强,平均BCF达到5.5,平均TF达到1.83,不同部位中树叶富集转运能力相对最强而树枝和树干最弱;对于其他重金属,除树叶Zn的平均BCF达到1.63外,杨树不同部位Pb、As、Zn和Cu的平均BCF均小于1,其中Pb和As的平均BCF均小于0.01,表现出极差的富集能力;杨树对Pb的平均TF小于1,对As、Zn和Cu的平均TF均大于1,在低富集能力水平下表现出较好的转运能力。因此,杨树可作为以Cd-Zn为主的重金属污染土壤的修复树种。     

籼稻杂交亲本与其F1代胚乳蛋白最高营养pI范围内组分之量变及种植季节对其影响

以华南地区7个早籼品种及其所配12对正反交组合F1代为材料,在对它们胚乳全蛋白进行等电聚焦-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（Isoelectrofocusing-polyacrylamidIEF-PAGE）分离定量基础上,确定最高营养pl（等电点）范围蛋白组分之比率;用统计学方法分析其变动与杂交方式及种植季节的关系。结果表明,无论所试材料遗传背景如何,它们的IEF－PAGE图谱均具有十分相似的特征;最高营养pl范围组分含量比率,正交与反交无显著差异,而早晚季间差异显著。     

江西省棉花生产的"十一五"情况回顾与发展建议

回顾了"十一五"期间江西省棉花生产的情况,指出了在棉花生产中存在的机械化程度低、病虫害发生严重、自然灾害频繁发生、劳动力不足、生产规模小、农技服务薄弱等问题.提出了"十二五"期间江西省发展棉花生产的思路和目标,并提出了加强政策支持、有步骤地推进植棉机械化、加强新品种选育与推广、健全农技服务体系、开展多种形式的间套作、提高棉花产业化水平、加快棉花专业合作社的发展、推进土地的合理流转、加强农田水利建设等发展对策与建议,以促进江西省棉花生产的可持续发展.