Potential of indigenous antagonistic rhizobacteria in the biological control of Monosporascus root rot and vine decline disease of muskmelon

ABSTRACT

Monosporascus root rot and vine decline (MRVD) of muskmelon, caused by Monosporascus cannonballus, is an economically important disease worldwide. The objectives of this study were to isolate native rhizobacterial strains and to evaluate their ability to promote plant growth and to provide protection against M. cannonballus. Thirty eight native bacterial isolates from the rhizosphere soil of muskmelon and cucumber were screened for their antagonism against M. cannonballus in a dual culture assay. Among them, five isolates viz., Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (B4), Pseudomonas mendocina (B7), Bacillus endophyticus (B10), Pseudomonas resinovorans B11 and P. aeruginosa AT3, identified based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, showed a significant level of antagonism and the inhibition zone ranged from 5.6 mm to 25.9 mm. Scanning electron microscopic observation of the hyphae of M. cannonballus at the inhibition zone revealed morphological abnormalities including shrinkage, loss of turgidity, pit formation and deformation. These bacterial isolates showed compatibility with one another and with Trichoderma viride. Greenhouse experiments revealed that P. resinovorans B11 was the most effective among the bacterial antagonists in controlling MRVD in melon. When applied as seed treatment and soil application, P. resinovorans B11 reduced the incidence of MRVD by 93.1%, relative to the infected control.     

Breeding Novel Short Grain Rice for Tropical Region to Combine Important Agronomical Traits,Biotic Stress Resistance and Cooking Quality in Koshihikari Background

Breeding program strategies to develop novel short grain white rice varieties such as japonica (short grain) that introgress biotic stress resistance and high grain quality have been developed using indica rice (Pin Kaset + 4 and Riceberry) for applications in japonica rice (Koshihikari) improvement. Four breeding lines showing promising agronomic performance with short grain and low amylose content (< 20%) were obtained. In addition, sensory testing of these breeding lines showed high scores that similar to Koshihikari. Two promising lines, KP48-1-5 and KP48-1-9, which possessed a combination of four genes resistance to different biotic stresses (Bph3 + TPS + Xa21 + Pi-ta) and four genes for grain quality (GS3 + SSIIa + wx^b + badh2), were developed using marker-assisted selection (MAS) with the pedigree method. The current study clearly illustrated the successful use of MAS in combining resistance to multiple biotic stresses while maintaining a high yield potential and preferred grain quality. Moreover, the results indicated that this breeding program, which includes crossing temperate japonica with indica, can create novel short grain rice varieties adapted to a tropical environment, like the japonica type.     

Anti-inflammatory effect of zerumbone on acute and chronic inflammation models in mice

The anti-inflammatory activity of zerumbone (1), a natural cyclic sesquiterpene isolated from Zingiber zerumbet Smith was investigated using carrageenan-induced paw edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma tissue formation test in mice. It was demonstrated that intraperitoneal administration of 1 at a dose of 5, 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg produced significant dose-dependent inhibition of paw edema induced by carrageenan. It was also demonstrated that 1 at similar doses significantly suppressed granulomatous tissue formation in cotton pellet-induced granuloma test.     

不同生根剂对四种核桃扦插成活率和根数的影响

[目的]研究不同浓度的萘乙酸(NAA)、吲哚丁酸(IBA)和生根粉(ABT)对四种核桃品种(温185、新丰、新早丰、新新2号)扦插成活率和生根数的影响.[方法]以纯水作为对照,使用浓度为200、300、400 mg/L的萘乙酸(NAA)、吲哚丁酸(IBA)和生根粉(ABT)溶液处理温185、新丰、新早丰、新新2号的扦插枝条,在细沙中培育45d催根后,统计每个处理的根数,并计算其平均成活率.[结果]在萘乙酸处理中以300 mg/L的平均成活率72.5;、平均根数9.25,比纯水对照高5;和2条.400 mg/L的吲哚丁酸(IBA)处理中成活率72.5;、平均根数9.25,比纯水对照高5;和2条.300 mg/L的生根粉中平均成活率77.5;、平均根数11.25,比纯水对照高10;和4条.400 mg/L的萘乙酸和200 mg/L的吲哚丁酸平均成活率62.5;、平均生根数7.5,比纯水对照低5;.[结论]300 mg/L的生根粉对温185、新丰、新早丰、新新2号核桃生根效果最好,比较适合核桃扦插栽培.萘乙酸400 mg/L和吲哚丁酸200 mg/L的催根效果不佳,在生产上要谨慎使用.     

博新杂种F1、F2代周岁山羊与土种周岁山羊体尺指标的对比实验

[目的]对绒山羊改良进一步选育和品系间杂交繁育提供理论依据.[方法]整理634只轮台县绒山羊博新杂种F1、F2代周岁山羊与土种周岁山羊鉴定记录,对不同群体的体重与体长、胸围、体高、管围等指标的相关性,采用SPSS17.0统计软件进行统计分析.[结果]本地土种山羊的平均体重为22.79 kg,F1代山羊平均体重为27.77 kg,F2代山羊平均体重为28.63 kg,随着改良代数的增加,杂交效果明显,群体的平均体重有增长的趋势;本地土种山羊的平均体高为56.40 cm,F1代山羊平均体高为57.05 cm,F2代山羊平均体高为56.13 cm,随着改良代数的增加,群体的平均体高基本上变化不大.[结论]轮台县绒山羊的体重、体高、体长、胸围、管围等体尺指标变化明显.在今后的选育工作中,应以体重为主,兼顾体长、管围和体高,以取得好的育种效果.     

Effects of varying dietary docosahexaenoic acid levels on growth,proximate composition and tissue fatty acid profile of juvenile silver pomfrets,Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen, 1788)

This study investigated the effects of varying dietary levels of decosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on growth performance, proximate composition and whole body fatty acid profiles of juvenile silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus. Triplicate groups of fish (30.55 ± 0.08 g) were fed diets containing 5.2%, 9.31% and 13.38% DHA (% of total fatty acids) or 0.85%, 1.52% and 2.18% DHA on dry diet weight for diets 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Survival was not affected by dietary DHA levels. The growth performance and feed utilization parameters of fish fed diets 2 and 3 were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those fed diet 1, although these parameters in diets 2 and 3 did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). Whole body lipid and fatty acid profiles were influenced by dietary DHA levels. Significantly higher n‐3 fatty acids particularly DHA, DHA:EPA(eicosapentaenoic acid) ratios and n‐3:n‐6 ratios were observed in fish fed diets 2 and 3 compared to those fed diet 1. Better growth performance and higher whole body DHA:EPA (2.31, 2.29) ratios and n‐3:n‐6 ratios (2.17, 2.12) observed in fish fed diets 2 and 3, respectively, suggests that silver pomfret juveniles have a higher requirement for n‐3 fatty acids, notably DHA for optimum growth and survival.     

骆驼刺ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立

用CTAB法提取叶片DNA,然后通过单因素实验,研究了Taq DNA聚合酶浓度、dNTPs浓度、引物浓度和Mg2+浓度4种因素对ISSR-PCR扩增的影响,建立了适合于骆驼刺的ISSR-PCR反应体系,其为25μL总体积中含1×PCR反应缓冲液(无Mg2+)、1.5U Taq DNA聚合酶、0.6 mmol/L dNTPs、0.6μmol/L引物、1.5 mmol/L MgCl2。     

新疆5个品种羊不同月龄MSTN基因mRNA表达水平及其与生长性状相关性分析

为了探讨不同品种绵羊肌肉生长抑制素(myostatin,MSTN)表达水平及其与生长性状(体重、体高、体长、胸围和管围)的关联性,试验采用实时荧光定量 PCR方法比较阿勒泰羊、吐鲁番黑羊、也木勒白羊、哈萨克羊、巴什拜羊不同月龄(初生及1、2、3、4、5月龄)肌肉和脂肪MSTN mRNA的表达水平,运用SPSS 19.0软件分析与其生长性状的相关性.在肌肉中:初生时,阿勒泰羊、哈萨克羊、巴什拜羊MSTN基因mRNA表达水平均明显低于其他各月龄;也木勒白羊3月龄MSTN基因mRNA水平均显著低于其他各月龄(P<0.05);阿勒泰羊、吐鲁番黑羊MSTN基因mRNA在4月龄表达水平最高;哈萨克羊MSTN基因mRNA初生时表达水平最低,5月龄表达水平最高.在脂肪中:也木勒白羊MSTN基因mRNA表达水平初生时显著低于其他各月龄(P<0.05);阿勒泰羊、也木勒白羊、巴什拜羊MSTN基因mRNA 5月龄表达水平最高,巴什拜羊MSTN基因mRNA 5月龄显著高于其他各月龄(P<0.05);哈萨克羊MSTN基因mRNA 2月龄表达水平最高,显著高于5月龄(P<0.05).相关性分析结果发现,MSTN基因mRNA表达水平与生长性状多呈负相关关系.阿勒泰羊在肌肉和脂肪中MSTN基因mRNA表达水平与其生长性状均呈负相关关系;吐鲁番黑羊MSTN基因mRNA在肌肉中的表达水平与体高、体长呈负相关,其余均呈正相关;也木勒白羊MSTN基因mRNA在肌肉中的表达水平与胸围、管围呈正相关,在脂肪中表达水平与体长呈正相关,其余均呈负相关;哈萨克羊在肌肉和脂肪中除与体长呈正相关外,其余均呈负相关;巴什拜羊在肌肉中MSTN基因mRNA表达水平与体长、管围呈正相关,其余均呈负相关.MSTN基因mRNA在不同月龄不同品种间的表达水平存在差异性,无固定表达模式;且与生长性状多呈负相关关系,与部分体尺性状呈正相关关系.MSTN基因mRNA表达水平可能与生长性状和骨骼生长有直接关系.     

阿勒泰羊羔羊MSTN/Smad信号通路基因在不同组织的表达研究

[目的]研究MSTN/Smad信号通路基因在阿勒泰羊2日龄羔羊不同组织中的表达程度的差异.掌握阿勒泰羊2日龄羔羊MSTN/Smad信号通路基因表达规律.[方法]采用荧光定量PCR技术(QRT-PCR)分析阿勒泰羊2日龄羔羊MSTN/Smad信号通路基因在不同组织中的表达量.[结果]背最长肌MSTN mRNA表量显著高于股三头肌、股二头肌、半腱肌和半膜肌(P＜0.05),各组织Smad2 mRNA表达量无显著差异(P＞0.05).Smad3 mRNA在股二头肌、半腱肌、背最长肌和脾中的表达量显著高于肺中的表达量(P＜0.05).Smad4 mRNA在心脏中的表达显著高于肺脏中的表达量(P＜0.05).TGFBR1 mRNA在心脏中的相对表达量为最高.TGFBR2 mRNA在心脏、脾脏、肾脏、肝脏中的表达量显著高于股二头肌肉中的表达量(P＜0.05).[结论]对阿勒泰羊2日龄羔羊MSTN/Smad信号通路基因在不同组织中的表达进行了初步的研究,这对今后阿勒泰羊MSTN基因表达规律及调控的研究具有重要意义.