Micrometam C Protects against Oxidative Stress in Inflammation Models in Zebrafish and RAW264.7 Macrophages

Micrometam C is a core of novel marine compound isolated from the mangrove associates Micromelum falcatum. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of micrometam C in inflammation models in the transgenic zebrafish line Tg (corola: eGFP) and RAW264.7 macrophages. We found that micrometam C significantly suppressed the migration of immune cells in tail-cutting-induced inflammation in transgenic zebrafish and reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both zebrafish and macrophages. In addition, micrometam C also restored LPS-induced reduction of endogenous antioxidants, such as catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The protective effects of micrometam C were in parallel to its inhibition of NADPH oxidase and nuclear factor-kappa-binding (NF-κB) activity. Thus, the present results demonstrate that micrometam C protects against LPS-induced inflammation possibly through its antioxidant property.     

Anti-Obese Effect of Glucosamine and Chitosan Oligosaccharide in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats

Objective: This study is to evaluate the anti-obese effects of glucosamine (GLC) and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) on high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Methods: The rats were randomly divided into twelve groups: a normal diet group (NF), a high-fat diet group (HF), Orlistat group, GLC high-, middle-, and low-dose groups (GLC-H, GLC-M, GLC-L), COS1 (COS, number-average molecular weight ≤1000) high-, middle-, and low-dose groups (COS1-H, COS1-M, COS1-L), and COS2 (COS, number-average molecular weight ≤3000) high-, middle-, and low-dose groups (COS2-H, COS2-M, COS2-L). All groups received oral treatment by gavage once daily for a period of six weeks. Results: Rats fed with COS1 gained the least weight among all the groups (P < 0.01), and these rats lost more weight than those treated with Orlistat. In addition to the COS2-H and Orlistat groups, the serum total cholesterol (CHO) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were significantly reduced in all treatment groups compared to the HF group (P < 0.01). The various doses of GLC, COS1 and COS2 reduced the expression levels of PPARγ and LXRα mRNA in the white adipose tissue. Conclusions: The results above demonstrated that GLC, COS1, and COS2 improved dyslipidemia and prevented body weight gains by inhibiting the adipocyte differentiation in obese rats induced by a high-fat diet. Thus, these agents may potentially be used to treat obesity.     

Briarenolides K and L,New Anti-Inflammatory Briarane Diterpenoids from an Octocoral Briareum sp. (Briareidae)

Two new briarane-type diterpenoids, briarenolides K (1) and L (2), were isolated from an octocoral identified as Briareum sp. The structures of new briaranes 1 and 2 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. In the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects test, briaranes 1 and 2 were found to significantly inhibit the accumulation of the pro-inflammatory iNOS protein of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells.     

辽西朝阳地区近60年玉米生长季降水变化特征分析

利用气候倾向率、降水相对变率,划分基准年方法,研究近60年朝阳地区玉米生长季及各个发育期降水变化特征。结果表明：近60年玉米生长季降水量气候倾向率为-6.55mm /10 a,呈下降趋势。玉米各生育期降水变化趋势不同,玉米播种—苗期、成熟期的降水量呈增加趋势,气候倾向率分别为 4.2 mm/10 a和0.3 mm/10 a,拔节—孕穗期的降水量呈下降趋势,气候倾向率为-10.6 mm /10 a。不同基准年降水变化趋势差异显著,第Ⅱ基准年降水减少最明显,气候倾向率达-23.7 mm/10 a。第Ⅲ基准年降水增加最明显,气候倾向率达29.0 mm/10 a。朝阳地区玉米生长季及各个发育期降水相对变率大,降水偏少年最多,正常年最少。研究结果为该地区玉米生产良种选择、栽培方式改进及趋利避害、防灾减灾等提供气候依据。     

拥挤条件下中国明对虾肝胰脏蛋白质双向电泳条件优化与分析

以中国明对虾为试验对象,优化了拥挤应激条件下中国明对虾肝胰脏蛋白质双向电泳的条件,并分析了关联的差异蛋白质。试验结果表明,中国明对虾肝胰脏蛋白双向电泳优化条件为裂解液中添加三丁基膦,采用17 cm的固相p H值（p H 4～7）梯度干胶条,上样量为120μg ,等电聚焦时间为65000 V／h。蛋白图谱分析结果显示,得到的700多个蛋白点中差异蛋白点11个,其中8个差异蛋白点丰度显著上调（P ＜0．05）,3个差异蛋白点丰度显著下调（P ＜0．05）。研究表明,在拥挤应激条件下中国明对虾肝胰脏蛋白表达发生显著变化。     

长期饲喂高精料日粮对泌乳期山羊血液生化参数及组织中糖代谢相关基因表达的影响

为了研究长期饲喂高精料日粮对泌乳期山羊血液生化指标和糖代谢的影响,选择8只安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的健康经产泌乳中期山羊,分别饲喂精粗比为40∶60 (low concentrate, LC,n=4) 和60∶40 (high concentrate, HC,n=4)的日粮。实验期共8周,实验期间采集瘤胃液,血液;实验结束时采集肝脏,肌肉,脂肪组织置于液氮速冻后于-70℃保存待测。结果显示,饲喂高精料日粮2周后山羊瘤胃液pH显著降低,采食后瘤胃液pH持续低于5.8超过3 h,8周后瘤胃液pH升高维持在6.0以上,但仍低于LC组山羊。与LC组山羊相比较,HC组山羊血液中葡萄糖、游离脂肪酸含量均升高(P<0.05,P=0.071),谷草转氨酶含量有上升的趋势(0.05相似文献   

甘肃省马铃薯枯萎病（Fusarium avenaceum）鉴定及其病原生物学特性

对甘肃省马铃薯枯萎病菌进行了分离、鉴定及培养特性的研究。结果表明,该病原菌大型分生孢子镰刀形,无色,多细胞,大小为（12.5~30）μm×（2.5~5）μm;小型分生孢子数量较多,无色,卵圆形或椭圆形,大小为（4.70~12.94）μm×（1.76~2.35）μm;ITS序列分析表明,病原菌与Fusarium avenaceum（JN6317483）亲缘关系最近,相似性达到100%,结合形态特征鉴定该病原菌为燕麦镰刀菌(Fusarium avenaceum)。该病原菌在5~40 ℃范围内均可生长,最适温度为20 ℃;供试的碳、氮源中,果糖和亮氨酸对该菌菌丝生长有显著的促进作用（P<0.05）,而显著抑制菌丝生长的是氯醛糖和碳酸铵（P<0.05）;不同类型培养基中,燕麦片培养基对菌丝生长有显著促进作用（P<0.05）。     

Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Citrus viroid I-LSS variants from citrus in Pakistan and China reveals their possible geographic origin

CVd-I-LSS (low sequence similarity), a variant of Citrus bent leaf viroid (CBLVd), was first discovered in Japan, and its distribution is currently limited to Japan and Iran. In the present study, seven CVd-I-LSS isolates were detected from different citrus hosts (Citrus sinensis, C. reticulata and C. limettioides) in Pakistan and China. Genetic diversity analysis of 49 cDNAs of CVd-I-LSS isolates showed that the Pakistan population was more diverse than that tested from Japan or China. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the predominant sequences examined into three main clades. Only sequences from the Pakistan isolates were found in all three clades, suggesting Pakistan may be the original source of CVd-I-LSS. Cultivar import records and the close phylogenetic relationship found between CVd-I-LSS from China and Japan suggested that the viroid isolated from China might have originated from Japan.     

油茶果脱壳清选机组设计

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