Apparent digestibility coefficients of animal and plant feed ingredients for juvenile Pseudobagrus ussuriensis

A study was conducted to determine apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), lipid, gross energy, phosphorus and amino acids (AAs) from Peruvian fish meal (PFM), native fish meal (NFM), meat bone meal (MBM), dried daphnia meal (DDM), soybean meal (SBM), full‐fat soybean (FSBM), cottonseed meals (CSM), rapeseed meal (RSM) and corn gluten meal (CGM) for Pseudobagrus ussuriensis (7.8 ± 0.06 g). Test diets were formulated to contain a 70:30 mixture of reference diet to test ingredient with chromic oxide (5 g kg^–1) serving as the inert marker. ADCs of DM ranged from 49.94% (CGM) to 87.11% (PFM), the highest ADCs of DM were observed in PFM and the lowest was found in CGM. ADCs of CP in the test ingredients ranged from 74.92% (CGM) to 93.41% (SBM). ADCs of crude lipid ranged from 51.80% (CGM) to 94.07% (PFM) for fish. ADCs of energy ranged from 56.42% (CGM) to 90.09% (PFM). ADCs of phosphorus ranged from 21.81% (CSM) to 65.70% (PFM). AA availability for the test ingredients followed a similar pattern to ADCs of CP, in which values for PFM, NFM and MBM were generally higher (p < .05) than those of other protein ingredients. Among all plant meals, the AA availability values in SBM were higher (p < .05) than those in CGM, CSM and RSM. The availability of most AAs in CGM was the lowest (p < .05) among all tested ingredients. In conclusion, PFM and NFM are good sources of available protein and AAs. When fishmeal supply is limited, MBM and DDM are substitutes for fishmeal reduction in P. ussuriensis diets; at the same time, SBM and FSBM are also very acceptable protein feedstuffs. However, CSM, RSM and CGM could not be used at high levels in P. ussuriensis diets because of their inferior digestibilities.     

植酸酶及其在畜禽生产中的最新应用研究

植酸酶是一种新型饲料添加剂,它能提高动物对饲料中植酸磷的利用率,降低粪便中磷的排泄量。本文对植酸的化学结构、理化性质与植酸酶的来源、生物学特性,并对影响植酸酶活力的因素及其在畜禽生产中的最新应用研究作了简要介绍。     

近红外玉米品种鉴别系统预处理和波长选择方

以7个品种玉米籽粒的鉴别系统为研究对象,对比研究了6种预处理方法和波长选择对模型鉴别能力的影响.结果表明,在被比较的6种预处理方法中,一阶导数方法能够使模型有更好的鉴别性能.使用一阶导数预处理和全光谱区的模型平均正确识别率和正确拒识率最高,分别为98.6%和98%,有5个品种的模型的正确识别率和正确拒识率都达到了100%.波长选择对一阶导数模型没有明显作用,但能使标准正态变量变换和矢量归一化模型鉴别准确度得到较大提高.     

干燥过程的变质量热力学分析

对一种典型热泵干燥系统进行了实验研究,并进行了干燥过程的变质量热力学分析,其方程具有普遍性。对过程进行质量守恒分析和变质量热力学第一定律分析,得到了干燥过程需热量和干燥效率等参数,并与经典热力学分析方法做出比较,最后给出了实际干燥过程为等焓过程的条件。     

Standardizing catch and effort data of the Taiwanese distant-water longline fishery in the western and central Pacific Ocean for bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus

Catch per unit effort (CPUE) is often used as an index of relative abundance in fisheries stock assessments. However, the trends in nominal CPUE can be influenced by many factors in addition to stock abundance, including the choice of fishing location and target species, and environmental conditions. Consequently, catch and effort data are usually ‘standardized’ to remove the impact of such factors. Standardized CPUE for bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus, caught by the Taiwanese distant-water longline fishery in the western and central Pacific Ocean (WCPO) for 1964–2004 were derived using three alternative approaches (GLM, GAM and the delta approach), and sensitivity was explored to whether catch-rates of yellowfin tuna and albacore tuna are included in the analyses. Year, latitude, and the catch-rate of yellowfin explained the most of the deviance (32–49%, depending on model configuration) and were identified consistently among methods, while trends in standardized catch-rate differed spatially. However, the trends in standardized catch-rates by area were found to be relatively insensitive to the approach used for standardization, including whether the catch-rates of yellowfin and albacore were included in the analyses.     

玉米大斑病抗性基因SNP基因芯片分析

利用SNP基因芯片(56 110个SNP)对3对玉米大斑病Ht3近等基因系进行检测分析。借助生物信息学和比较基因组学方法,确定了29个相关数量抗性候选基因,均分布于2、3、7、9号染色体;14个候选基因与各类酶活性、能源合成、金属离子、DNA合成修饰、抗逆等功能相关。其中,GRMZM2G058197位于7号染色体bin7.04区域166087520-166091392,与玉米大斑病质量抗性基因Ht3基因位置相吻合。     

杂交粳稻泗优422制种特性探讨

观察了７３１Ａ、六千辛Ａ、轮回４２２、７７３０２的开花习性，并对其相互杂交的结实率进行了调查。与六千辛Ａ相比，７３１Ａ开花持续天数较短，开颖角度较小，柱头外露率低，开闭时间略长。在相同授粉条件下，７３１Ａ与轮回４２２的结实率低于六千辛Ａ与７７３０２。     

水涨龙眼结果母枝内源激素含量变化对花芽分化的影响

应用酶联免疫法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）,测定了涨龙眼花芽分化期间结果母枝内源激素ｉＰＡｓ、ＧＡｓ、ＡＢＡ及ＩＡＡ的含量变化。结果表明,生理分化期花芽内源激素含量：ＡＢＡ〉ｉＰＡｓ〉ＩＡＡ〉ＧＡｓ;形成分化期为：ＡＢＡ〉ＩＡＡ〉ｉＰＡｓ〉ＧＡｓ。生理分化期主形态分化期叶芽内源激素含量均为：ＡＢＡ〉ｉＰＡｓ〉ＧＡｓ〉ＩＡＡ。生理分化期：与叶芽相比,花芽的ｉＰＳｓ、ＧＡｓ和ＩＡＡ含量高,ＡＢＡ含量低。形态分化期：     

小麦籽粒谷蛋白大聚合体粒度分布特征及对氮素的响应

为了给小麦品质改良提供依据,以强筋小麦品种藁城8901和弱筋小麦品种山农1391为材料,设置不同氮素水平,研究了籽粒谷蛋白大聚合体(GMP)颗粒粒径分布特征及对氮素水平的响应.结果表明,小麦籽粒GMP颗粒粒径范围为0.375～200 μm.GMP颗粒体积分布总体上呈双峰曲线变化,＜12 μm的GMP颗粒体积百分比为11.2％～45％,＞12 μm的GMP颗粒体积百分比为55.0％～88.8％.与弱筋小麦山农1391相比,强筋小麦藁城8901有较高比例的＞12 μm颗粒.GMP颗粒数目分布表现为单峰分布,＜4 μm和＜12 μm的颗粒数目百分比分别为97.5％～98.0％和99.9％,表明小麦GMP颗粒中绝大多数为＜4 μm的小颗粒.在施氮0～240 kg·hm-2范围内,随着施氮量的增加,＜12 μm颗粒体积百分比显著降低,12～90 μm、＞90 μm颗粒体积百分比增加,说明适量施氮能够显著提高GMP大、中颗粒比例.过量氮素不利于小麦籽粒谷蛋白大聚合体的形成.     

农杆菌介导的宁麦13成熟胚遗传转化体系的构建

宁麦13是目前生产中应用面积较大的弱筋小麦品种,以此品种建立农杆菌介导的成熟胚遗传转化体系有助于对该品种的个别性状进行针对性改良。本研究利用分别携带不同质粒pCXK1301和pAt-MYB12u的农杆菌株系GV3101对宁麦13成熟胚愈伤组织进行转化,通过对预培养时间、共培养时间和干燥处理等参数的研究,建立了农杆菌介导的宁麦13成熟胚遗传转化体系。宁麦13成熟胚转化体系的条件为:利用预培养6d的宁麦13成熟胚愈伤组织作为转化受体,使用含pAtMYB12u质粒的农杆菌株系GV3101,侵染菌液浓度OD600=0.6,侵染时间60min,采用干燥共培养4～5d(23℃,暗培养),诱导恢复培养10d,分化培养每4week继代一次,分化培养8week(12h光周期,25℃,2 000lx)。试验侵染2 600个宁麦13愈伤组织,获得127株再生植株,经分子检测,其中9株证实为阳性转化植株。