马尾松林下套种阔叶树土壤理化性质的研究

马尾松(Pinus massoniana)是我国南方的主要用材树种，具有适应性强、主根明显、用途广、速生丰产等优点。然而营造的人工马尾松纯林，树种层次单一，结构简单，针叶化明显，弱点逐渐暴露出来，导致林地地力衰退、林分抗逆性差、火灾频率增加，已引起人们的广泛关注。研究表明，大力营造混交林，增加森林生态系统中生物类群的多样性、多层性，就能从根本上改善林分的生态环境，提高生产力。营造马尾松混交林不仅是一项重要的营林技术措施，而且涉及到对树种生物学和生态学特征，尤其是种间关系的全面了解。良好的混交模式应该既可以充分利用地力，增加产量，又可改善生态环境，提高系统的多样性和稳定性。马尾松属阳性树种，林冠稀疏，透光度大，深根发达。     

近代黄河三角洲东营农业综合试验区的滨海盐渍土及其改良利用的研究 Ⅲ.稻草还田的培肥改土效应

近代黄河三角洲滨海氯化物盐渍土在开发种稻的条件下，鉴于其土壤肥力瘠薄及盐分危害，实施稻草还田，能够明显地改善土壤的养分及其它不良的理化性状，增产效果显著．     

近代黄河三角洲东营农业综合试验区的滨海盐渍土及其改良利用的研究 Ⅱ.盐渍土小麦高产栽培

近代黄河三角洲所呈现的暖温带半干旱与半湿润的季风气候，影响若当地盐渍化土壤的季节变化，对冬小麦正常生长关系窃切．在生产实践上，完善排灌工程，搞好农田建设，结合灌溉、施肥等综合的水肥调控措施，能在颇大的程度上消除或减轻盐渍化的危害，为冬小麦高产提供条件．     

稻草覆盖对坡地红壤培肥及作物增产的效果

研究了坡地红壤连续5年采用稻草覆盖措施对土壤肥力和作物产量的影响。结果表明,“稻草+化肥氮磷”(“Straw+NP”)处理的土壤有机碳和全氮、磷分别比不施肥(CK)的提高42.9%和17.4%、44.2%,有机碳和全氮的增幅约是纯化肥(NPK)处理的2倍。与CK和NPK处理的相比,“Straw+NP”处理能明显提高微生物生物量碳、氮、磷和溶解性有机碳、氮以及Olsen-P含量,差异达到显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)水平。在等养分施用量的条件下,“Straw+NP”处理能显著提高油菜和甘薯的产量。因此,稻草易地覆盖是一种有效培肥坡地红壤和增加作物产量的途径。     

猪瘟DNA疫苗的临床免疫实验

在前期研究工作筛选出2种DNA疫苗质粒的基础上,采用3种免疫策略(DNA疫苗单独免疫法、DNA疫苗初免蛋白免疫加强的prime-boost方法以及沙门氏菌(Salmonella)载体介导法),于某规模化猪场对猪瘟病毒(CSFV)的DNA免疫效果进行了临床应用研究。随机选择未经猪瘟疫苗免疫的断奶仔猪60头,分6组进行免疫接种,检测免疫猪抗体产生情况并对各组免疫猪进行攻毒试验。免疫猪血清抗体ELISA检测结果表明,pcDSW组、pIRE2IL2组、pcDSW E2protein组和pIRE2IL2 E2protein组均产生了较高的抗体水平,而沙门氏菌介导的2种DNA疫苗质粒诱导的抗体水平不显著。攻毒试验结果表明,pcDSW和pIRE2IL2单独免疫组或prime-boost组能够抵抗致死剂量的CSFV石门强毒攻击,保护率87.50%￣90.00%。其中pcDSW效果好于pIRE2IL2。而沙门氏菌介导的DNA疫苗组不能产生有效保护。不同接种途径的免疫效果比较结果表明,颈部肌肉注射免疫后产生的抗体水平较后肢胫前肌注射免疫产生的抗体水平高。     

Fractal features of soil particle size distribution and the implication for indicating desertification

Some of the effects of land desertification on soil properties are manifested by the coarsening of the soil particlesize distribution (PSD) and the losses in organic C and nutrients. The changes and characteristics of PSD and selected chemical properties in soils at the 0-15 cm plough layer from different degrees of desertified croplands are analyzed in the semiarid Horqin Sandy Land, northern China. The fractal dimension of the PSD is emanated to characterize the patterns of PSD. The relationships between the fractal dimension of the PSD and selected soil properties are discussed. The results show that: (1) in the transformation from potential desertified cropland to extremely desertified cropland, the sand content at the 0-15 cm soil increased from 69% to 93%, organic C and total N contents decreased by 65% and 69%, respectively; (2) the fractal dimension of PSD ranged from 2.179 to 2.611, the more the contents of sand, the lower the fractal dimension and the higher the desertified degree of farmland. In the desertification process within the studied area, the mean fractal dimension decreased from 2.555 for the potential desertified soils to 2.298 for extremely desertified soils; (3) there existed considerable linear relationships between fractal dimension and soil properties. It was shown that fractal dimensions of PSD are useful parameters able to monitor soil degradation and to estimate the degree of soil desertification.     

基于拟脑智能系统的烤烟烟叶分级研究

对烟叶进行检测与分级是控制烟叶质量的重要手段之一.研究烟叶质量的合理表征参数及其自动提取方法,以及烟叶辅助分级系统,是迫切需要解决的问题.应用人工智能方法和计算机技术进行烤烟烟叶自动分级,提出一种借鉴生物脑信息处理结构的烤烟烟叶智能分级系统.该系统由思维模型、感觉模型和行为模型3个子系统构成,分别模拟分级专家的思维智能、感知智能和行为智能,具有学习与记忆、判断与模糊推理、分级决策等多种思维功能,以及图像自动采集、上下位机通信等协调与控制功能.应用该系统进行烟叶分级试验的结果与分级专家分级结果的平均一致率可达到85%,与人工分级水平相当.     

气调冷藏对龙眼保鲜品质的影响

以提高龙眼果实保鲜质量为目的,采用可控气体成分调节方法,温度、湿度和气体成分全自动控制,以普通冷藏为对照对龙眼进行气调保鲜。研究了气调冷藏对龙眼果实保鲜效果、果实营养成分及理化指标的影响。结果表明,通过降低贮藏环境中的O2含量,提高CO2浓度,可有效抑制龙眼果实的呼吸作用,延缓了果实的衰老与变质,保鲜效果好,商品率高。     

餐厨垃圾堆肥对城郊菜田产量及氮利用的影响

为探讨餐厨垃圾堆肥对南方城郊菜田土壤氮素供应水平、叶菜类蔬菜产量及土壤残留和氮肥利用率的影响。以不施氮肥为对照(CK),在等氮量条件下,设置了传统化肥(NPK)、传统化肥+鸡粪(NPK+M)、餐厨好氧堆肥+化肥(NPK+FWA)、餐厨厌氧沼渣+化肥(NPK+FWD)4个处理,测定叶菜类蔬菜整个生育周期的土壤无机氮动态、产量、收获后剖面土壤氮素残留及表观氮素损失的变化。多茬试验结果表明:底肥施用后一周左右,NPK处理整体土壤无机氮供应水平高于NPK+M、NPK+FWA和NPK+FWD处理;追施氮肥后NPK+FWA处理土壤无机氮供应水平处于NPK和NPK+M两个处理之间,而NPK+FWD处理土壤无机氮略低于NPK和NPK+M处理;从总产量来看,NPK、NPK+M、NPK+FWA和NPK+FWD处理间无显著差异;而随着试验进行,与NPK+FWA和NPK+FWD处理相比,NPK和NPK+M处理产量明显增产20.1%～36.7%和17.8%～26.4%。从剖面土壤无机氮含量来看,餐厨垃圾堆肥部分替代化肥处理相比传统单施化肥和化肥配施鸡粪处理能够明显降低收获后表层土壤无机氮残留;从前四茬蔬菜总表观氮素损失来看,较高的氮肥投入带来了895.8～1041.2 kg/hm²的表观氮素损失量,各处理间无显著性差异;较高的氮肥投入及表观氮素损失导致小白菜季和空心菜季各处理当季氮肥利用效率分别仅有9.9%～16.7%和27.6%～37.6%。综上分析,在等氮量条件下,相比传统单施化肥和传统化肥配施鸡粪,餐厨垃圾堆肥氮替代30%化肥氮具有更好地协调土壤氮素供应和蔬菜作物吸收的作用,随着试验进行,餐厨垃圾堆肥部分替代化肥处理表现出增产趋势。但南方多雨地区餐厨垃圾堆肥还田具有较大的氮素损失风险,当季氮肥利用率偏低,今后需加强餐厨垃圾堆肥还田对土壤氮素综合损失的影响机制研究,并探索针对性的减排措施,为餐厨垃圾堆肥安全高效利用提供科学指导。     

Identification of QTLs Associated with Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv.Glycinea in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr)

Soybean bacterial spot disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv.Glycinea which is a bacterial disease seriously affects soybean yield.Ten soybean germplasms and recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population were used to identify the resistant trait after inoculated with P.sg (P.sgneau001) in this study.High-density genetic mapping was obtained by specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) of 149 RILs population which was derived from the crossing between Charleston and Dongnong594.The results indicated that 10 germplasm resources had four resistant germplasms included highly resistant cultivar Charleston,four susceptible varieties included Dongnong594 and two moderately resistant cultivars.Five quantitative trait locus (QTLs) were detected in RILs population by the composite interval mapping (CIM) method,and located on Linkage Group (LG) D1b (chromosome two),LG C2 (chromosome six) and LG H (chromosome 12),respectively.LOD scores ranged from 2.68 to 4.95 and the phenotypic variation percentage was from 6% to 11%.Six candidate genes were detected,according to the result of gene annotation information.Four of them had relationship with protein kinase activity,protein phosphorylation and leucine rich repeat (LRR) transmembrane protein,which had high expression after inoculated with P.sg by qRT-PCR.