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91.
Polymerase chain reaction and other laboratory techniques in the diagnosis of long incubation rabies in Australia 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
KA MCCOLL AR GOULD PW SELLECK PT HOOPER HA WESTBURY JS SMITH† 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(3):84-89
SUMMARY Blood and post-mortem tissues from a 10-years-old girl were submitted to the Australian Animal Health Laboratory. Clinical signs and histopathological lesions had suggested a diagnosis of rabies, but, an unusually long incubation period of at least 5 years did not encourage such a diagnosis. Serological examinations by the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test revealed a dramatic increase in rabies virus-neutralising antibody during the 10-day period of hospitalisation. The results of a fluorescent antibody test on brain smears, and an immunoperoxidase test on formalin-fixed sections of brain were also consistent with a diagnosis of rabies. Attempts to isolate virus were unsuccessful. Polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) were conducted on a 10% suspension of a post-mortem sample from the patient's brain, using primers based on the published sequence of the Pasteur virus strain of rabies virus. 413 and 513 bp fragments from the nucleoprotein gene and a 403 bp fragment from the glycoprotein gene were amplified. Subsequent sequencing of these fragments, and comparison with equivalent regions of known rabies viruses, confirmed that the fragments originated from a virus belonging to the rabies virus serotype. This case demonstrated the advantage of using a range of laboratory techniques to obtain a definitive diagnosis. In particular, a PCR-based test may allow a diagnosis, even in the face of conditions that preclude virus isolation such as apparently occurred in this case. Finally, this case demonstrated that an unusually long incubation period should not discourage a tentative clinical diagnosis of rabies. 相似文献
92.
93.
Christopher F. Hinks Neil D. Westcott Randy A. Reichle David T. Spurr 《Pest management science》1987,20(1):75-82
The residues from metered doses of cypermethrin were recovered from excised portions of grasshopper cuticle to determine losses by volatilisation. Residues from similar doses were also recovered from the cuticles of intact grasshoppers and from whole body homogenates after rinsing the cuticle, to determine rates of absorption and losses from metabolism. Residues were recovered from males and females one week and three weeks after fledging in grasshoppers infected with Malameba locustae and in uninfected ones. They were maintained at 15 or 30°C and sampled from each combination of factors at 4, 8, 16, 24, 30 and 48 h after treatment. There was no measurable loss of cypermethrin by volatilisation up to 72 h after application to excised portions of cuticle at either 15 or 30°C. In all combinations of factors, more cypermethrin was recovered externally (P <0.05) from grasshoppers held at 15°C than those held at 30°C and more from infected grasshoppers than from those that were uninfected. Significantly more cypermethrin was also recovered externally from males than from females (P <0.05) and more from infected one-week-old grasshoppers than those that were three weeks old. At 15°C there was a gradual trend towards accumulation of cypermethrin internally, but at 30°C an initial trend towards accumulation was followed by one of decline. Residual cypermethrin recovered could in general be related to the negative temperature coefficient of toxicity, to a decreased sensitivity to cypermethrin in infected grasshoppers and to an increased sensitivity in older grasshoppers. 相似文献
94.
SNP g.1007A>G within the porcine DNAL4 gene affects sperm motility traits and percentage of midpiece abnormalities
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I Wiedemann A Maehlmeyer S Jansen AR Sharifi C Knorr 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(2):401-413
The flagellar beating of a spermatozoa's axoneme is caused by the varying activation and inactivation of dynein molecules. Dynein, axonemal, light chain 4 (DNAL 4 ) is a functional candidate gene for sperm motility as it encodes a small subunit of the dyneins. We resequenced the porcine DNAL 4 using three artificial insemination (AI ) boars each with high (>68%) or low (<60%) motility, and detected 23 SNP . These were then genotyped for 82 AI boars. Using spermatological records, significantly negative genetic correlations between ejaculate volume (VOL ) and the further spermatological parameters concentration (CONC ) (r = ?.43), motility of undiluted semen (MOTUD ) (r = ?.09), motility after 24 h (MOT 1) (r = ?.17) and after 48 hr (MOT 2) (r = ?.23) were estimated. Significantly positive correlations existed between CONC and MOT 1 (r = .07) as well as MOT 2 (r = .10), between MOTUD and MOT 1 (r = .33), between MOTUD and MOT 2 (r = .36), and finally between MOT 1 and MOT 2 (r = .70). Significantly negatively correlated were all motility traits with the parameters abnormal acrosome (AA ) (MOTUD r = ?.06; MOT 1 r = ?.08, and MOT 2 r = ?.1) and presence of cytoplasmic droplet (CD ) (MOTUD r = ?.07; MOT 1 r = ?.08; MOT 2 r = ?.07). Association analyses (single marker regression model; SMR ) propose that SNP g.1007A>G, located in the second intron, reduces motility significantly (MOTUD ‐4.59%; MOT 1 ‐10.33%; MOT 2 ‐19.37%). According to the dominant‐recessive model (DRM ), genotype AA is always superior compared to genotypes AG and GG (i.e. MOTUD 67.67%, 64.16% and 53.91%; MOT 1 54.17%, 43.75% and 28.44%; MOT 2 44.12%, 24.91% and 4.97%). The average effect of gene substitution (g.1007A>G) on abnormal midpiece (AM ) was 0.71%, the genotypic values—as expressed by LS means—were 0.1 (AA ) and 0.81 (AG ). 相似文献
95.
Qualitative and quantitative ultrasound attributes of maternal‐foetal structures in pregnant ewes
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PDA da Silva RAR Uscategui VJC Santos AR Taira RSG Mariano MGK Rodrigues APR Simões MC Maronezi ML Avante WRR Vicente MAR Feliciano 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(3):725-732
The aim of this study was to examine foetal organs and placental tissue to establish a correlation between the changes in the composition of these structures associated with their maturation and the ultrasonographic characteristics of the images. Twenty‐four pregnant ewes were included in the study. Ultrasonography assessments were performed in B‐mode, from the ninth gestational week until parturition. The lungs, liver and kidneys of foetuses and placentomes were located in transverse and longitudinal sections to evaluate the echogenicity (hypoechoic, isoechoic, hyperechoic or mixed) and echotexture (homogeneous and heterogeneous) of the tissues of interest. For quantitative evaluation of the ultrasonographic characteristics, it was performed a computerized image analysis using a commercial software (Image ProPlus®). Mean numerical pixel values (NPVs), pixel heterogeneity (standard deviation of NPVs) and minimum and maximum pixel values were measured by selecting five circular regions of interest in each assessed tissue. All evaluated tissues presented significant variations in the NPVs, except for the liver. Pulmonary NPVmean, NPVmin and NPVmax decreased gradually through gestational weeks. The renal parameters gradually decreased with the advancement of the gestational weeks until the 17th week and later stabilized. The placentome NPVmean, NPVmin and NPVmax decreased gradually over the course of weeks. The hepatic tissue did not show echogenicity and echotexture variations and presented medium echogenicity and homogeneous echotexture throughout the experimental period. It was concluded that pixels numerical evaluation of maternal‐foetal tissues was applicable and allowed the identification of quantitative ultrasonographic characteristics showing changes in echogenicity related to gestational age. 相似文献
96.
97.
Breeding success (fledglings pair?1 y?1) of the Red-listed African Black Oystercatcher (Haematopus moquini) is highly variable, both spatially and temporally. Despite a diversity of natural factors causing this variability, there is evidence that two anthropogenic factors, i.e. disturbance and an introduced mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), are having an impact on the local breeding success of this species. Using a data set comprising 87 site-years of nest-monitoring data across most of the species’ breeding range, we analysed the extent and causes of variability in breeding success. Breeding success differed across three population categories defined by varying levels of human disturbance: island populations, protected mainland populations, and unprotected mainland populations. Differences in breeding success between island populations and protected mainland populations were likely due to differing exposure to predators; however, differences between protected and unprotected mainland populations were unlikely caused by this as both experience equivalent predation levels (although from different predators). Protection only improved the breeding success of oystercatchers in very high-quality habitats (with a high biomass of alien mussels), and where populations were ‘released’ from high levels of human disturbance. In unprotected mainland areas, human activity impacted on the breeding success of local populations primarily through predation of small chicks by uncontrolled dogs, and by rising tides drowning chicks that were hiding from human disturbance. The findings of this study note the potential conservation dilemma resulting from an invasive species improving the conservation status of a Red-listed species, and encourage the implementation of restricted sites in high-quality habitats with high breeding pair densities. 相似文献
98.
PT HOOPER RA LUNT AR GOULD AD HYATT GM RUSSELL JA KATTENBELT SD BLACKSELL LA REDDACLIFF PD KIRKLAND RJ DAVIS PJK DURHAM AL BISHOP J WADDINGTON 《Australian veterinary journal》1999,77(8):529-536
OBJECTIVE: To determine the cause of an epidemic of blindness in kangaroos. DESIGN AND PROCEDURES: Laboratory examinations were made of eyes and brains of a large number of kangaroos using serological, virological, histopathological, electron microscopical, immunohistochemical methods, and PCR with cDNA sequencing. In addition, potential insect viral vectors identified during the disease outbreak were examined for specific viral genomic sequences. SAMPLE POPULATION: For histopathological analysis, 55 apparently blind and 18 apparently normal wild kangaroos and wallabies were obtained from New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, and Western Australia. A total of 437 wild kangaroos and wallabies (including 23 animals with apparent blindness) were examined serologically. RESULTS: Orbiviruses of the Wallal and Warrego serogroups were isolated from kangaroos affected with blindness in a major epidemic in south-eastern Australia in 1994 and 1995 and extending to Western Australia in 1995/96. Histopathological examinations showed severe degeneration and inflammation in the eyes, and mild inflammation in the brains. In affected retinas, Wallal virus antigen was detected by immunohistochemical analysis and orbiviruses were seen in electron microscopy. There was serological variation in the newly isolated Wallal virus from archival Wallal virus that had been isolated in northern Australia. There were also variations of up to 20% in genotype sequence from the reference archival virus. Polymerase chain reactions showed that Wallal virus was present during the epidemic in three species of midges, Culicoides austropalpalis, C dycei and C marksi. Wallal virus nucleic acid was also detected by PCR in a paraffin-embedded retina taken from a blind kangaroo in 1975. CONCLUSION: Wallal virus and perhaps also Warrego virus are the cause of the outbreak of blindness in kangaroos. Other viruses may also be involved, but the evidence in this paper indicates a variant of Wallal virus, an orbivirus transmitted by midges, has the strongest aetiological association, and immunohistochemical analysis implicates it as the most damaging factor in the affected eyes. 相似文献
99.
Kieren D. Rix Alistair J. Gracie Bradley M. Potts Phillip H. Brown Cameron J. Spurr Peter L. Gore 《Annals of Forest Science》2012,69(6):673-679
Context
High temperature stress in nurseries germinating Eucalyptus globulus seed is an important problem affecting germination synchrony and rate. Where there is a risk of high-temperature stress, then the choice of female parent may be important. This issue is particularly relevant to the production of full-sib families from mass-supplementary pollination where there may be opportunities for seed producers to manipulate the directionality of the crossing done in seed orchards.Aims
This study aimed to quantify the maternal versus paternal influence of seed sensitivity to high temperature stress during germination.Methods
A diallel crossing scheme involving four genotypes was used to test the relative importance of male and female genetic influences on the germination and development of E. globulus seed and their response to high temperature stress. Seed was germinated at optimum (25°C) and supra-optimal (32°C and 37°C) temperatures, and six traits describing the proportion and rate of seed germination and early seedling development were assessed.Results
Both paternal and maternal effects affected the germination response, arguing for at least some influence of the nuclear genotype of the embryo. However, the response to high temperature stress was more influenced by the maternal than paternal parent.Conclusion
Both the male and female genotype may affect various aspects of seed germination and early seedling development independent of seed size; however, some facets of the germination response will be mainly affected by the female parent. 相似文献100.
AR Rabiee MC Playford I Evans G Lindon M Stevenson IJ Lean 《Australian veterinary journal》2012,90(11):423-432