High-throughput phenotyping:Breaking through the bottleneck in future crop breeding

With the rapid development of genetic analysis techniques and crop population size, phenotyping has become the bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Breaking th...     

Effect of LED light quality on the phototaxis and locomotion behaviour of Haliotis discus hannai

Abalones were reared in a laboratory to determine the percentage response rate, response time, average crawling speed and the time taken to recover an upright posture under nine light‐emitting diode light quality treatments (red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, purple, white and grey) and a dark environment. Animals were placed in the centre of an experimental device, and the tropism of each animal was continuously monitored by video. The highest percentage response rate (80% in dark adapted abalones, 60% in light adapted abalones) was observed in the dark environment, followed by red and orange light (27% and 30% in dark adapted abalones, respectively, 22% and 24% in light adapted abalones). Two induction materials (substrate and brown algae Laminaria japonica) were used to assess the effect of light quality on the tropism of abalones, with the highest percentage response rate (76% in the L. japonica treatment, 22% in the substrate treatment) also observed in the dark environment, followed by red and orange light (both 25% in the L. japonica treatment, and 26% and 32%, respectively, in the substrate treatment). The tropism order of the abalones under dark, red, orange and yellow light was as follows: dark > orange > red, yellow, but fewer abalones chose to stay in blue, green, cyan and purple light. The response time (about 700 s) in the dark environment was significantly longer than for the other light quality treatments. Compared with the average crawling speed in the other light quality treatments, abalones were relatively slower (about 3.8 mm s^?1) in red and orange light, and the dark environment. The mean time required for the recovery of an upright posture in red light and the dark environment was longer than in the other light quality treatments, with the average recovery time reaching a maximum of 60 s in the dark environment. The results demonstrate the phototaxis and locomotion behaviour of abalones, as well as confirming the necessity of a dark, orange or red environment for their management and aquaculture.     

斑节对虾GLUT1基因cDNA的克隆与表达分析

该研究利用RACE技术克隆获得了斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon) GLUT1 (glucose transporter type 1)的cDNA全长序列;采用实时荧光定量的方法研究了PmGLUT1在斑节对虾幼体发育过程中、各个组织中及低盐胁迫下的差异表达情况。该基因cDNA开放阅读框(ORF)全长1 476 bp,可编码491个氨基酸。检测PmGLUT1基因从受精卵至仔虾期发育过程的表达情况,结果显示,PmGLUT1在幼体发育各期的表达量有所波动,但总体呈现上升趋势。组织表达分析发现,PmGLUT1在鳃组织中的表达量最高,肝胰腺次之,在卵巢中的表达量最低。急性低盐胁迫后,PmGLUT1在肝胰腺中的表达水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但在鳃中的表达水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究结果表明,Pm GLUT1可能在斑节对虾幼体发育及机体应对低盐胁迫过程中具有重要作用,这为进一步研究葡萄糖转运蛋白基因在斑节对虾幼体发育调控和耐低盐胁迫应答中的分子机制提供了理论依据。     

对虾皮下及造血组织坏死杆状病毒的精细结构、核酸、多肽及血清学研究

对纯化的对虾皮下及造血组织坏死杆状病毒（ＨＨＮＢＶ）进行了超微结构、紫外吸收、核酸类型及多肽ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ的研究。同时用单克隆抗体对ＨＨＮＢＶ的两分离株和ＭＢＶ进行了血清学比较研究。用ＴＭＶ作为内标定物测得病毒粒子大小为１５０ｎｍ×４５０ｎｍ，其衣壳为两个帽状物端夹１３圈螺旋对称的园柱体结构。病毒在２６０ｎｍ处吸光系数为０．１１７ｍｇ／ｍＬ／ＯＤ２６０。病毒核酸为双链ＤＮＡ，分子量大于３５×１０６ｄ。病毒囊膜有１２种主要多肽。病毒衣壳有两种主要多肽。从寿光（ＨＨＮＢＶ—９３７）和青岛（ＨＨＮＢＶ—９３８）分离到的病毒种在ＳＤＳ—ＰＡＧＥ和抗ＨＨＮＢＶ—９３７单抗ＥＬＩＳＡ反应上没有显著差异。ＨＨＮＢＶ与斑节对虾杆状病毒（ＭＢＶ）在抗原决定簇上存在差别。     

应用双抗夹心ELISA法检测皱纹盘鲍致病病原—创伤弧菌的研究

以皱纹盘鲍脓足病致病病原－ － 创伤弧菌为抗原,制备兔抗血清,抗体纯化后以辣根过氧化物酶标记,建立检测创伤弧菌的双抗夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ 检测法。结果表明,双抗夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ 法有较高的灵敏度,可检出含菌１０４ 个／ｍｌ 的菌悬液。与创伤弧菌对照菌株有明显的阳性反应不与副溶血弧菌、溶藻胶弧菌、河流弧菌等８ 株对照菌株产生影响检测结果的交叉反应。应用该法检测３０ 份病鲍样品,阳性检出率为６６ ．７ ％ 。     

皮下及造血组织坏死杆状病毒对中国对虾亲虾的人工感染

皮下及造血组织坏死杆状病毒对中国对虾亲虾的人工感染宋晓玲，黄倢，王崇明，于佳，陈碧鹃，杨丛海（黄海水产研究所，青岛２６６０７１）关键词中国对虾，亲虾，皮下及造血组织坏死杆状病毒，人工感染，温度效应ＡＲＴＩＦＩＣＩＡＬＩＮＦＥＣＴＩＯＮＯＦＢＲＯＯＤＳ...     

四种罗非鱼挥发性成份的GC-MS分析

为了研究四种罗非鱼挥发性成份的化学成分,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取罗非鱼挥发性成份,用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对其进行分离测定,结合计算机检索对分离的化合物进行结构鉴定,应用色谱峰面积归一化法测定各成分的相对百分含量。结果共鉴定出45种物质:奥利亚和奥尼各26种,尼罗24种,吉富18种。其中,有7种化合物为4种罗非鱼的挥发性成份所共有。2,4-二叔丁基苯酚在挥发性组份中的含量最高(奥利亚38.44%;尼罗37.34%;吉富35.21%;奥尼除外,占14.10%)。在挥发性成份中酯类、醇类、烯烃和有机酸类居多,分别有10种、6种、5种和4种,其中大部分为有特殊香味的挥发性物质,且该类物质在奥利亚、尼罗和奥尼三种罗非鱼中含量较多,在吉富中含量较少。奥尼罗非鱼中还检测出大量的特殊的挥发性物质L-抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯,其含量高达33.64%。     

淡水养殖环境中氨氧化微生物的研究进展

随着水产养殖业的快速发展,养殖水体氮素污染日益突出,硝化微生物在水产养殖环境氮循环中具有重要作用。本文主要综述我国淡水养殖环境中硝化微生物的多样性、作用机理、厌氧氨氧化过程和机理等研究进展,并展望今后的研究工作:(1)淡水养殖水域硝化作用和氨氧化微生物的时空分布特征及影响因子;(2)淡水养殖环境氨氧化微生物及其他氮素转化关键微生物的过程与机理;(3)深入研究特定生态系统中如池塘生态系统、氮循环的各个过程,构建相关氮素转化和氮素平衡模型,为完善淡水池塘生态系统氮循环理论、水产养殖环境的氮素污染治理和生态修复提供参考。     

日本蟳幼体发育的研究

日本蟳Charybdis(charybdis)Japonica(A.Milne-Edwards)是我国大型海产食用蟹类之一。它遍布我国、日本、朝鲜和马来西亚沿岸,红海等亦有分布。关于日本蟳幼体发育的研究,Aikawa(1937)曾观察了第1期溞状幼体,Kurata和Nishina(1975)观察到第4期溞状幼体;八塚刚(1952、1957、1962)和寺田正之(1979)也曾对日本蟳的溞状幼体进行过描述,而我国沿海日本蟳发育,迄今未见研究报告。笔者自1984年7月,开始了日本蟳的室内人工繁殖和幼体培育,并培养出第1期幼蟹,85年又对各期幼体的发育形态进行了系统的观察和研究。现将结果整理如下。     

黄金树花器官发生及发育的形态观察

利用普通光学显微镜和扫描电镜技术对黄金树花器官的发生及发育过程进行了观察.结果显示:(1)黄金树花器官的形态发生及发育过程集中于3月下旬-5月上旬;(2)花原基分化形成花的整个过程符合一般的分化顺序:花萼原基-花冠原基-雄蕊原基-雌蕊原基,且各原基在分化顺序上存在交叉;(3)花药及胚珠的发育与花器官的形态发生之间有明显的连续性,当花蕾直径为3.0 mm左右时花粉母细胞及完整的花粉囊壁形成,直径达到3.5 mm左右时胚珠中出现孢原细胞的分化,它直接起大孢子母细胞的功能.