提高玉米花培绿苗诱导频率及染色体加倍效率的研究

采用微胚早期转移技术，将接种后2周的花药连同微胚一起转移到分化培养基，可提高分化成苗率10～12倍，且减轻了胚状体转移的麻烦。利用50kg/L的秋水仙碱溶液处理1～2mm的胚状体6～72小时，可在一定范围内提高可育株率，其中处理24小时效果最好，在不降低分化成苗率的前提下，可育株率由对照的32.3%提高到71.4%。将微胚早期转移与染色体早期加倍相结合，在微胚转移前一天向原培养基中滴加1ml 50mg/L的秋水仙碱溶液，在保持同样出胚率和分化率的基础上，可育株率由39.4%提高到58.3%，自交结实株率由17.9%提高到37.4%。     

Genetic analysis of ORF5 of recent Korean porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSVs) in viremic sera collected from MLV-vaccinating or non-vaccinating farms

The 23 open reading frame (ORF) 5 sequences of Korean type II porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were collected from viremic sera from the (modified live vaccine) MLV-vaccinating and non-vaccinating farms from 2007 to 2008. The samples were phylogenetically analyzed with previous ORF5 sequences, including type I Korean PRRSV, and previously reported or collected sequences from 1997 to 2008. A MN184-like subgroup of type II Korean PRRSV was newly identified in the viremic sera collected from 2007 to 2008. And of the type I PRRSVs, one subgroup had 87.2~88.9% similarity with the Lelystad virus, showing a close relationship with the 27~2003 strain of Spain. The maximum parsimony tree of type II PRRSV from 1997 to 2008 showed that they had evolved to four lineages, subgroups 1, 2, 3 and 4. Most of the recently collected type II PRRSVs belonged to subgroup 4 (48%). The region of three B-cell epitopes and two T-cell epitopes of ORF5 amino acids sequences was considerably different from the MLV in subgroups 3 and 4. In conclusion, the existence of type I PRRSV, which was genetically different from Lelystad virus (Prototype of type I PRRSV), and heterologous type II PRRSVs of viremic pigs detected even in the MLV-vaccinating farms indicated the need for new vaccine approaches for the control of PRRSV in Korea.     

柴油机伞喷嘴喷油过程和喷雾特性的研究

主要介绍了用长管法和闪光摄影研究伴喷嘴喷油过程和喷雾特性,并简介了测试装置的结构和工作原理。将伞喷嘴与四气门单缸１３５型柴油机的燃油系统配合,在喷油泵试验台上进行了试验。试验结果表明,在燃油系统其他部分不变的情况下,伞喷嘴的喷油规律图呈近似在角形,最高喷油率和平均喷油率远高于多孔喷嘴;伞形喷雾径向贯穿距离远小于多孔喷雾,喷雾锥角在喷雾早期急剧减小。伞喷嘴喷油特性的研究对相应燃烧系统工作过程的组织和燃烧过程、性能的分析具有指导作用。     

东港灌区运行状况综合评价研究

在灌区续建配套与节水改造规划工作实施的基础上，拟建了一套合理的评价指标体系，利用层次分析法（AHP）确定评价指标的权重，建立了模糊综合评判（FCE）数学模型，并运用该模型对东港市的三个灌区的运行状况进行综合评价，评价结果与实际情况吻合良好。     

黑核桃叶片基因组DNA提取方法比较研究

探索从富含多酚和多糖等次生代谢物质的黑核桃叶片中获得高质量DNA的提取方法。以黑核桃与核桃叶片为材料,采用SDS、CTAB和改良CTAB 3种DNA提取方法对黑核桃与核桃基因组DNA提取效果进行比较研究,并通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳与紫外分光光度计检测所提取样品的质量;SDS与CTAB法重复性较差,提取的黑核桃DNA易降解;改良CTAB法可有效抑制酚类物质及细胞内多糖对DNA纯度的影响,对样品提取的DNA也无降解现象,纯度较高,得到的DNA A260/A280值均处于1.80~1.95之间;改良CTAB法是适用于高质量黑核桃DNA的提取方法。     

用~(75)Se、~(65)Zn示踪研究微量元素硒、锌在家兔毛中沉积与体内代谢的关系

本研究以大耳白家兔为实验动物,分别用含硒,锌水平不同的饲粮预饲２个月后,每组５只动物各灌喂１次＾７５Ｓｅ－亚硒酸钠,＾６５Ｚｎ－硫酸锌溶液。测定了＾７５Ｓｅ,＾６５Ｚｎ的吸收,排泄与转移到毛中沉积的过程,实验末检测了各器官组织中了存留量。从测定背部被毛中的放射性变化的结果表明,＾７５Ｓｅ,＾６５Ｚｎ能较快的从体内转移到被行中,动物处理后第７ｄ和第５ｄ在背部被毛的基段和上段都测得了＾７５Ｓｅ和＾６５     

Osteological development and anomalies in larval stage of hatchery‐reared yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco

Comprehensive knowledge of osteological development of fish not only provides means for understanding its functional development, but also allows early detection of skeletal anomalies. The present study was conducted to determine osteological development and occurrence of anomalies from the first to the 40th day after hatching (DAH) for yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, a commercially important species in China. Vertebral ontogeny started with formation of anterior neural arches at 3 DAH, and completed at 6 DAH. Vertebral centra started to develop at 4 DAH and ossification in all centra was visible at 15 DAH. Caudal fin appeared at 2 DAH and ossification was visible at 26 DAH. The onset of dorsal and anal fins appeared at 4 DAH and their ossifications were visible at 20 DAH. Pectoral fins were present before first feeding and formed entirely at 9 DAH, and their ossifications were visible at 21 DAH. Pelvic fins appeared at 9 DAH, and formed completely at 21 DAH. The ossification of pelvic fins was not finished until the end of the experiment (40 DAH). 24 types of skeletal anomalies were observed. About 20% of individuals showed at least one anomaly. Haemal vertebrae anomalies occurred at the highest frequency, followed by pre‐haemal, caudal vertebrae and anal fin anomalies, and caudal fin had the lowest anomalies frequency. For the first time, our study determined osteological development and anomalies incidence in larval yellow catfish, which help further investigations into rearing conditions leading to appearance of these anomalies to prevent their incidence.     

基于SPH算法的深松铲土壤切削过程仿真及试验研究

为探明深松铲土壤切削过程中切削阻力的变化规律和了解深松铲切削土壤过程情况,基于SPH方法建立了深松铲土壤深松的有限元模型,并对其深松过程进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明:SPH法能够直观地模拟深松铲土壤切削完整过程,最大等效应力为3. 184MPa,主要集中在与深松铲接触土壤上,仿真切削阻力为3.65 k N。通过耕整地移动式田间动态试验台进行田间试验验证,得出切削阻力为3. 542 k N,与仿真结果相比误差仅为3. 05%,验证了基于SPH法进行深松铲切削土壤过程的仿真是可行的。     

基于DTW距离的拖拉机传动轴载荷样本长度计算方法

针对工程领域载荷样本长度确定方法对农业机械载荷适用性较差的问题,提出了一种基于动态时间扭曲（DTW, Dynamic Time Warping）距离计算载荷样本长度的方法。首先,运用无线扭矩传感器获取犁耕作业下拖拉机传动轴的动态载荷,结合传动轴犁耕作业下的载荷特点,划分作业工况;再将作业循环叠加并经过归一化处理后进行DTW距离计算,确定传动轴载荷样本长度;最后,计算参数外推中均值混合正态分布函数的拟合参数相对误差。结果表明,运用DTW距离方法确定的载荷样本长度,能够使均值双正态分布函数拟合得到的参数相对误差保证在10%以内。近似均值精度估计法和均值曲线拟合法的拟合参数相对误差最大值分别为126.06%和80.62%,而基于DTW距离计算方法的拟合参数相对误差最大值为5.43%,验证了基于DTW距离的载荷样本长度计算方法的适用性。研究结果可为拖拉机传动轴田间试验载荷样本长度确定提供参考。     

水体营养水平及附着藻类对苦草生长的影响

为研究不同水体营养水平及附着藻类对沉水植物生长的影响,选择苦草(Vallisneria natans)作为研究对象,在4种水体营养水平下进行42 d的室内试验。结果表明:试验结束时,中营养及富营养处理组苦草的相对生长率、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量和附着藻类生物量与贫营养及重富营养处理组具有显著性差异(P<0.05);贫营养处理组苦草的可溶性糖含量显著高于其它处理组(P<0.05);苦草氮磷含量及可溶性蛋白含量与水体营养水平呈明显正相关,且贫营养及中营养处理组与富营养及重富营养处理组之间差异显著(P<0.05);各处理组水体叶绿素a含量差异不明显。表明在中营养(TN=0.8 mg/L,TP=0.08 mg/L)条件下,苦草的生长情况最佳。