复合蛋白饲料替代豆粕饲喂蛋鸡作用效果

豆粕以其良好的营养特性．被誉为“植物性蛋白质饲料之王”．它与“动物性蛋白质饲料之王”鱼粉和“能量饲料之王”玉米组合的日粮是最佳配方,因为,三者可以相互取长补短．使日粮中各种氨基酸基本达到平衡,因此．豆粕在蛋白质饲料中的应用占有较大的比例,在很大程度上影响着畜禽饲料的成本。     

赖氨酸产业生存调查：经销商的过去、现状以及未来

近10年以来．中国赖氨酸工业蓬勃发展,一些生产商也发展壮大．涌现了像大成生化等全球性主要生产商．中国赖氨酸出口由本世纪初的不足千吨水平发展到2008年的15万t左右,8年增长达到150倍以上：而国内需求也由开始的10万t左右增长至2008年的25万t以上。     

马eCG/LHβ亚基基因多态性研究

马绒毛膜促性腺激素(equine chorionic gonadotropin,eCG)是由妊娠期母马胎儿尿膜—绒毛膜细胞分泌的一种由α、β两个亚基组成的异源二聚体糖蛋白,具有FSH、LH的双重活性。采用PCR-SSCP和测序方法对28匹蒙古马和25匹纯血马的eCG/LHβ亚基基因的多态性进行研究,结果发现,在蒙古马eCG/LHβ亚基基因5′调控区存在一突变位点:G-415A分为AA、BB、AB 3种基因型,AA、BB、AB基因型频率分别为0.89、0.07、0.04;纯血马此基因中未检测到多态性。     

Detection and molecular characterization of porcine type 3 orthoreoviruses circulating in South Korea

Orthoreoviruses infect virtually all mammalian species, causing systemic infections including mild gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses. However, little is known about the prevalence or genetic diversity of porcine orthoreoviruses in South Korea. We examined 237 diarrheic fecal samples collected from 78 pig farms around the country. RT-PCR utilizing primers specific for the L1 gene of mammalian orthoreoviruses showed that 45 (19.0%) samples were positive. The 10 strains isolated from orthoreovirus-positive samples formed typical perinuclear cytoplasmic inclusion bodies and had an atypical hemagglutination pattern; these are characteristics of type 3 orthoreovirus. Phylogenetic analysis of the S1 gene in these 10 Korean and other strains showed that type 3 orthoreoviruses could be divided into four lineages; the 10 Korean strains were included in porcine lineage IV, along with T3/porcine/Sichuan/2006. Sequence analysis showed that strains in lineage IV had nucleotide identities of 97.0-98.1% and deduced amino acid identities of 96.4-98.2%. Sequence analysis of the σ1 protein, a viral attachment protein, revealed that the amino acid sequences associated with neurotropism (amino acids 198-204, 249I, 350D, and 419E) were highly conserved among the Korean strains, confirming that neural tropism was present. In conclusion, our findings suggest that porcine orthoreovirus infections are endemic in pig farms in South Korea and that the 10 novel Korean porcine orthoreoviruses belong to porcine lineage IV of type 3 orthoreovirus. In addition, sequence analysis of S1 genes encoding the σ1 protein showed that the 9 of 10 Korean porcine orthoreoviruses exhibited neural tropism.     

山东省猪腹泻病例中PEDV、TGEV和PRV的感染调查与分析

为了解山东省规模化猪场由猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒（TGEV）和猪伪狂犬病毒（PRV）引起猪病毒性腹泻的流行情况,自2014年1月至2016年12月,对来自山东省各地规模化猪场的猪腹泻病料（共3 035份）进行PCR检测。结果显示,PEDV、PRV和TGEV阳性率分别为67.49%、9.33%和3.29%;3年间,PEDV阳性率在2014年第四季度最低,为48.15%,2015年第四季度阳性率最高,为88.57%,2016年各季度阳性率相对2015年呈波动下降趋势;TGEV阳性率在2014年第四季度最高,为18.52%,2015年第三季度阳性率为15.38%,2016年第一季度阳性率为6.67%,其他季度未检测出阳性病料;PRV阳性率在2016年第二季度最高,为15.68%,除2014年第一季度未检出阳性病料外,2014年第二季度阳性率最低,为2.56%。通过对69份被动送检的病料进行PEDV、TGEV和PRV混合感染检测发现,这部分病料中PEDV、TGEV、PRV阳性率分别为86.96%、5.80%和37.68%;总单独感染率为69.57%,PEDV、TGEV和PRV单独感染率分别为57.97%、1.45%和10.14%;总混合感染率为30.43%,PEDV/PRV、PEDV/TGEV和TGEV/PRV混合感染率分别为26.09%、2.90%和1.45%;总单独感染率比总混合感染率高。结果表明,山东省存在PEDV、PRV和TGEV 3种病毒流行,存在PEDV/TGEV、TGEV/PRV和PEDV/PRV的混合感染,混合感染中主要为PEDV/PRV混合感染,不存在PEDV/PRV/TGEV的混合感染。目前PEDV是引起山东省猪病毒性腹泻的主要病因,本试验结果可为山东省猪病毒性腹泻的诊断和控制提供参考。     

Dietary supplementation with betaine or glycine improves the carcass trait,meat quality and lipid metabolism of finishing mini-pigs

The objective of the study is to evaluate and compare the effects of betaine or glycine on carcass trait, meat quality and lipid metabolism of finishing Huan Jiang mini-pigs. Betaine called trimethylglycine is a methyl derivative of glycine, but few researches were conducted to compare the impact of dietary betaine and glycine on pigs. One hundred and forty-four Huan Jiang mini-pigs (body weight = 10.55 ± 0.15 kg; 70 d) were randomly divided to 3 treatment groups (basal diet, glycine or betaine). Results indicated that dietary betaine increased the average daily gain (ADG) and final weight (P < 0.05). Dietary glycine or betaine markedly reduced average backfat thickness (P < 0.05) and heightened lean percentage (P < 0.01) compared to the control group. Moreover, in comparison with the control group, betaine significantly improved the redness (a∗) and tenderness (shear force) of the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle (P < 0.05), whereas glycine only raised the value of a∗ of the LD muscle (P < 0.05). These results showed that diet supplemented with 0.25% betaine and equimolar amounts of glycine could regulate cascass trait and meat quality of finishing Huan Jiang mini-pigs, and the effect of betaine was superior to that of glycine.     

2013—2014年全球猪流行性腹泻重大疫情分析

2013年以来,猪流行性腹泻（Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea,PED）疫情在美洲和亚洲的部分国家和地区暴发流行,对疫情发生国家或地区的生猪生产和猪肉市场供给造成极大影响。对全球PED疫情进行时间序列分析,发现PED流行范围逐步扩大,毒力不断增强,全球病毒基因序列相似,饲料特别是猪血液制品贸易可能是该病跨国界传播的潜在途径。     

高寒地区小黑麦在断奶初期奶公犊瘤胃内动态降解的研究

选用3头3月龄左右装有瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶公犊,按3×3完全拉丁方试验设计,喂给3种日粮,日粮组成按精粗比分别表示为:Ⅰ组70∶30、Ⅱ组60∶40、Ⅲ组50∶50,研究不同日粮组成下高寒地区小黑麦的DM、CP以及NDF在断奶初期奶公犊瘤胃内动态降解。试验结果表明:精粗比为60∶40日粮时,其CP的消失率和降解参数明显低于精粗比为70∶30和50∶50的日粮,差异显著(P<0.05);其DM和NDF的消失率和降解参数明显高于精粗比为70∶30和50∶50的日粮,差异显著(P<0.05)。     

新发现的骆驼朊病毒病

骆驼朊病毒病是近来在北非地区发现的感染单峰驼的传染性海绵状脑病。发病骆驼年龄均在8岁以上,病程3~8个月,以行为异常、共济失调、反应过敏、不时倒地、站立困难为特征;在脑部特定区域出现海绵状空泡病变,通过免疫组化和免疫印迹方法能够检测到朊病毒。世界动物卫生组织（WOAH）暂未将该病判定为新发病。由于相关信息非常有限,本文仅对该病的起源、临床症状、病理变化、病原特点、WOAH观点、防控建议等进行简要介绍,以期引起我国动物疫病防控管理部门和相关从业人员的警惕。